Message-ID: <54d4c322-cd6e-eefd-b161-2af2b56aae24@collabora.com>
Date:   Wed, 10 Aug 2022 21:39:26 +0500
From:   Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@...labora.com>
To:     David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com>,
        Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
        Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>, Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>,
        "maintainer:X86 ARCHITECTURE (32-BIT AND 64-BIT)" <x86@...nel.org>,
        "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>, Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@...nel.org>,
        Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>,
        Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@...ux.intel.com>,
        Jiri Olsa <jolsa@...nel.org>,
        Namhyung Kim <namhyung@...nel.org>,
        Shuah Khan <shuah@...nel.org>,
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        <linux-arch@...r.kernel.org>,
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        <linux-kselftest@...r.kernel.org>, krisman@...labora.com
Cc:     usama.anjum@...labora.com, kernel@...labora.com
Subject: Re: [PATCH 0/5] Add process_memwatch syscall

Hello,

Thank you for reviewing and commenting.

On 8/10/22 2:03 PM, David Hildenbrand wrote:
> On 26.07.22 18:18, Muhammad Usama Anjum wrote:
>> Hello,
> 
> Hi,
> 
>>
>> This patch series implements a new syscall, process_memwatch. Currently,
>> only the support to watch soft-dirty PTE bit is added. This syscall is
>> generic to watch the memory of the process. There is enough room to add
>> more operations like this to watch memory in the future.
>>
>> Soft-dirty PTE bit of the memory pages can be viewed by using pagemap
>> procfs file. The soft-dirty PTE bit for the memory in a process can be
>> cleared by writing to the clear_refs file. This series adds features that
>> weren't possible through the Proc FS interface.
>> - There is no atomic get soft-dirty PTE bit status and clear operation
>>   possible.
> 
> Such an interface might be easy to add, no?
Are you referring to ioctl? I think this syscall can be used in future
for adding other operations like soft-dirty. This is why syscall has
been added.

If community doesn't agree, I can translate this syscall to the ioctl
same as it is.

> 
>> - The soft-dirty PTE bit of only a part of memory cannot be cleared.
> 
> Same.
> 
> So I'm curious why we need a new syscall for that.
> 
>>
>> Historically, soft-dirty PTE bit tracking has been used in the CRIU
>> project. The Proc FS interface is enough for that as I think the process
>> is frozen. We have the use case where we need to track the soft-dirty
>> PTE bit for running processes. We need this tracking and clear mechanism
>> of a region of memory while the process is running to emulate the
>> getWriteWatch() syscall of Windows. This syscall is used by games to keep
>> track of dirty pages and keep processing only the dirty pages. This
>> syscall can be used by the CRIU project and other applications which
>> require soft-dirty PTE bit information.
>>
>> As in the current kernel there is no way to clear a part of memory (instead
>> of clearing the Soft-Dirty bits for the entire processi) and get+clear
>> operation cannot be performed atomically, there are other methods to mimic
>> this information entirely in userspace with poor performance:
>> - The mprotect syscall and SIGSEGV handler for bookkeeping
>> - The userfaultfd syscall with the handler for bookkeeping
> 
> You write "poor performance". Did you actually implement a prototype
> using userfaultfd-wp? Can you share numbers for comparison?
> 
> Adding an new syscall just for handling a corner case feature
> (soft-dirty, which we all love, of course) needs good justification.

The cycles are given in thousands. 60 means 60k cycles here which have
been measured with rdtsc().

|   | Region size in Pages | 1    | 10   | 100   | 1000  | 10000  |
|---|----------------------|------|------|-------|-------|--------|
| 1 | MEMWATCH             | 7    | 58   | 281   | 1178  | 17563  |
| 2 | MEMWATCH Perf        | 4    | 23   | 107   | 1331  | 8924   |
| 3 | USERFAULTFD          | 5405 | 6550 | 10387 | 55708 | 621522 |
| 4 | MPROTECT_SEGV        | 35   | 611  | 1060  | 6646  | 60149  |

1. MEMWATCH --> process_memwatch considering VM_SOFTDIRT (splitting is
possible)
2. MEMWATCH Perf --> process_memwatch without considering VM_SOFTDIRTY
3. Userafaultfd --> userfaultfd with handling is userspace
4. Mprotect_segv --> mprotect and signal handler in userspace

Note: Implementation of mprotect_segv is very similar to userfaultfd. In
both of these, the signal/fault is being handled in the userspace. In
mprotect_segv, the memory region is write-protected through mprotect and
SEGV signal is received when something is written to this region. This
signal's handler is where we do calculations about soft dirty pages.
Mprotect_segv mechanism must be lighter than userfaultfd inside kernel.

My benchmark application is purely single threaded to keep effort to a
minimum until we decide to spend more time. It has been written to
measure the time taken in a serial execution of these statements without
locks. If the multi-threaded application is used and randomization is
introduced, it should affect `MPROTECT_SEGV` and `userfaultd`
implementations more than memwatch. But in this particular setting,
memwatch and mprotect_segv perform closely.


> 
>>
>>         long process_memwatch(int pidfd, unsigned long start, int len,
>>                               unsigned int flags, void *vec, int vec_len);
>>
>> This syscall can be used by the CRIU project and other applications which
>> require soft-dirty PTE bit information. The following operations are
>> supported in this syscall:
>> - Get the pages that are soft-dirty.
>> - Clear the pages which are soft-dirty.
>> - The optional flag to ignore the VM_SOFTDIRTY and only track per page
>> soft-dirty PTE bit
> 
> Huh, why? VM_SOFTDIRTY is an internal implementation detail and should
> remain such.
> 
> VM_SOFTDIRTY translates to "all pages in this VMA are soft-dirty".
Clearing soft-dirty bit for a range of memory may result in splitting
the VMA. Soft-dirty bit of the per page need to be cleared. The
VM_SOFTDIRTY flag from this splitted VMA need to be cleared. The kernel
may decide to merge this splitted VMA back. Please note that kernel
doesn't take into account the VM_SOFTDIRTY flag of the VMAs when it
decides to merge the VMAs. This not only gives performance hit, but also
the non-dirty pages of the whole VMA start to appear as dirty again
after the VMA merging. To avoid this penalty,
MEMWATCH_SD_NO_REUSED_REGIONS flag has been added to ignore the
VM_SOFTDIRTY and just rely on the soft-dirty bit present on the per
page. The user is aware about the constraint that the new regions will
not be found dirty if this flag is specified.

> 

-- 
Muhammad Usama Anjum

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