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Message-ID: <20220914233254.zcuaw23nl2wgs7f3@tarta.nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Date: Thu, 15 Sep 2022 01:32:54 +0200
From: наб <nabijaczleweli@...ijaczleweli.xyz>
To: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@...il.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
Federico Vaga <federico.vaga@...a.pv.it>,
Alex Shi <alexs@...nel.org>,
Yanteng Si <siyanteng@...ngson.cn>,
Hu Haowen <src.res@...il.cn>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
linux-doc@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
linux-doc-tw-discuss@...ts.sourceforge.net
Subject: [PATCH v3] Documentation: remove magic number doc
The entire file blames back to the start of git
(minus whitespace from the RST translation and a typo fix):
* there are changelog comments for March 1994 through to Linux 2.5.74
* struct tty_ldisc is two pointers nowadays, so naturally no magic
* GDA_MAGIC is defined but unused, and it's been this way
since start-of-git
* M3_CARD_MAGIC isn't defined, because
commit d56b9b9c464a ("[PATCH] The scheduled removal of some OSS
drivers") removed the entire driver in 2006
* CS_CARD_MAGIC likewise since
commit b5d425c97f7d ("more scheduled OSS driver removal") in 2007
* KMALLOC_MAGIC and VMALLOC_MAGIC were removed in
commit e38e0cfa48ac ("[ALSA] Remove kmalloc wrappers"),
six months after start of git
* SLAB_C_MAGIC has never even appeared in git
(removed in 2.4.0-test3pre6)
At a glance, the only ones still in use are in drivers which are mostly
untouched since git (TTY, SLIP,
SCSI (drivers/scsi/{arm/queue.c,ncr53c8xx.c}), &c.).
A rough estimate of magic numbers in the kernel is obtained by:
# git grep define | grep '_MAGIC\b' |
grep -ve IOC -e ^tools/ -e '_IO[(WR]' -e _SUPER | wc -l
780
Note that the word 'magic' may have different meaning from magic
number context.
There are also magic numbers which aren't listed here, like
SR_EEPROM_MAGIC, L2TP_TUNNEL_MAGIC, and MD_SB_MAGIC.
Therefore, magic-number.rst is a low-value historial relic at best and
misleading cruft at worst, so remove the documentation.
Signed-off-by: Ahelenia Ziemiańska <nabijaczleweli@...ijaczleweli.xyz>
---
v2: better subject line, per Bagas Sanjaya
problem list in message reworded for clarity
v3: 12-character SHAs, message wording from Bagas Sanjaya
On Wed, Sep 14, 2022 at 09:22:28AM +0700, Bagas Sanjaya wrote:
> Also, really PPP and PTY have been burninated? Since what commit?
They didn't, but the constants did.
Removed as irrelevant since that happened pre-git.
Documentation/process/index.rst | 1 -
Documentation/process/magic-number.rst | 154 -----------------
.../translations/it_IT/process/index.rst | 1 -
.../it_IT/process/magic-number.rst | 161 ------------------
.../translations/zh_CN/process/index.rst | 1 -
.../zh_CN/process/magic-number.rst | 144 ----------------
.../translations/zh_TW/process/index.rst | 1 -
.../zh_TW/process/magic-number.rst | 148 ----------------
8 files changed, 611 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 Documentation/process/magic-number.rst
delete mode 100644 Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/magic-number.rst
delete mode 100644 Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/magic-number.rst
delete mode 100644 Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/magic-number.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/process/index.rst b/Documentation/process/index.rst
index 2ba2a1582bbe..ae2201ae0acf 100644
--- a/Documentation/process/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/process/index.rst
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ lack of a better place.
applying-patches
adding-syscalls
- magic-number
volatile-considered-harmful
botching-up-ioctls
clang-format
diff --git a/Documentation/process/magic-number.rst b/Documentation/process/magic-number.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index f5ba36e96461..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/process/magic-number.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-.. _magicnumbers:
-
-Linux magic numbers
-===================
-
-This file is a registry of magic numbers which are in use. When you
-add a magic number to a structure, you should also add it to this
-file, since it is best if the magic numbers used by various structures
-are unique.
-
-It is a **very** good idea to protect kernel data structures with magic
-numbers. This allows you to check at run time whether (a) a structure
-has been clobbered, or (b) you've passed the wrong structure to a
-routine. This last is especially useful --- particularly when you are
-passing pointers to structures via a void * pointer. The tty code,
-for example, does this frequently to pass driver-specific and line
-discipline-specific structures back and forth.
-
-The way to use magic numbers is to declare them at the beginning of
-the structure, like so::
-
- struct tty_ldisc {
- int magic;
- ...
- };
-
-Please follow this discipline when you are adding future enhancements
-to the kernel! It has saved me countless hours of debugging,
-especially in the screwy cases where an array has been overrun and
-structures following the array have been overwritten. Using this
-discipline, these cases get detected quickly and safely.
-
-Changelog::
-
- Theodore Ts'o
- 31 Mar 94
-
- The magic table is current to Linux 2.1.55.
-
- Michael Chastain
- <mailto:mec@...ut.net>
- 22 Sep 1997
-
- Now it should be up to date with Linux 2.1.112. Because
- we are in feature freeze time it is very unlikely that
- something will change before 2.2.x. The entries are
- sorted by number field.
-
- Krzysztof G. Baranowski
- <mailto: kgb@....org.pl>
- 29 Jul 1998
-
- Updated the magic table to Linux 2.5.45. Right over the feature freeze,
- but it is possible that some new magic numbers will sneak into the
- kernel before 2.6.x yet.
-
- Petr Baudis
- <pasky@....cz>
- 03 Nov 2002
-
- Updated the magic table to Linux 2.5.74.
-
- Fabian Frederick
- <ffrederick@...rs.sourceforge.net>
- 09 Jul 2003
-
-
-===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
-Magic Name Number Structure File
-===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
-PG_MAGIC 'P' pg_{read,write}_hdr ``include/linux/pg.h``
-CMAGIC 0x0111 user ``include/linux/a.out.h``
-MKISS_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x04bf mkiss_channel ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
-HDLC_MAGIC 0x239e n_hdlc ``drivers/char/n_hdlc.c``
-APM_BIOS_MAGIC 0x4101 apm_user ``arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c``
-DB_MAGIC 0x4442 fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
-DL_MAGIC 0x444d fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
-FASYNC_MAGIC 0x4601 fasync_struct ``include/linux/fs.h``
-FF_MAGIC 0x4646 fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
-PTY_MAGIC 0x5001 ``drivers/char/pty.c``
-PPP_MAGIC 0x5002 ppp ``include/linux/if_pppvar.h``
-SSTATE_MAGIC 0x5302 serial_state ``include/linux/serial.h``
-SLIP_MAGIC 0x5302 slip ``drivers/net/slip.h``
-STRIP_MAGIC 0x5303 strip ``drivers/net/strip.c``
-SIXPACK_MAGIC 0x5304 sixpack ``drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.h``
-AX25_MAGIC 0x5316 ax_disp ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
-TTY_MAGIC 0x5401 tty_struct ``include/linux/tty.h``
-MGSL_MAGIC 0x5401 mgsl_info ``drivers/char/synclink.c``
-TTY_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x5402 tty_driver ``include/linux/tty_driver.h``
-MGSLPC_MAGIC 0x5402 mgslpc_info ``drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c``
-USB_SERIAL_MAGIC 0x6702 usb_serial ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
-FULL_DUPLEX_MAGIC 0x6969 ``drivers/net/ethernet/dec/tulip/de2104x.c``
-USB_BLUETOOTH_MAGIC 0x6d02 usb_bluetooth ``drivers/usb/class/bluetty.c``
-RFCOMM_TTY_MAGIC 0x6d02 ``net/bluetooth/rfcomm/tty.c``
-USB_SERIAL_PORT_MAGIC 0x7301 usb_serial_port ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
-CG_MAGIC 0x00090255 ufs_cylinder_group ``include/linux/ufs_fs.h``
-LSEMAGIC 0x05091998 lse ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
-RIEBL_MAGIC 0x09051990 ``drivers/net/atarilance.c``
-NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC 0x12560953 nbd_request ``include/linux/nbd.h``
-RED_MAGIC2 0x170fc2a5 (any) ``mm/slab.c``
-BAYCOM_MAGIC 0x19730510 baycom_state ``drivers/net/baycom_epp.c``
-ISDN_X25IFACE_MAGIC 0x1e75a2b9 isdn_x25iface_proto_data ``drivers/isdn/isdn_x25iface.h``
-ECP_MAGIC 0x21504345 cdkecpsig ``include/linux/cdk.h``
-LSOMAGIC 0x27091997 lso ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
-LSMAGIC 0x2a3b4d2a ls ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
-WANPIPE_MAGIC 0x414C4453 sdla_{dump,exec} ``include/linux/wanpipe.h``
-CS_CARD_MAGIC 0x43525553 cs_card ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
-LABELCL_MAGIC 0x4857434c labelcl_info_s ``include/asm/ia64/sn/labelcl.h``
-ISDN_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 modem_info ``include/linux/isdn.h``
-CTC_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 ctc_tty_info ``drivers/s390/net/ctctty.c``
-ISDN_NET_MAGIC 0x49344C02 isdn_net_local_s ``drivers/isdn/i4l/isdn_net_lib.h``
-SAVEKMSG_MAGIC2 0x4B4D5347 savekmsg ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
-CS_STATE_MAGIC 0x4c4f4749 cs_state ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
-SLAB_C_MAGIC 0x4f17a36d kmem_cache ``mm/slab.c``
-COW_MAGIC 0x4f4f4f4d cow_header_v1 ``arch/um/drivers/ubd_user.c``
-I810_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E i810_card ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
-TRIDENT_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E trident_card ``sound/oss/trident.c``
-ROUTER_MAGIC 0x524d4157 wan_device [in ``wanrouter.h`` pre 3.9]
-SAVEKMSG_MAGIC1 0x53415645 savekmsg ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
-GDA_MAGIC 0x58464552 gda ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/gda.h``
-RED_MAGIC1 0x5a2cf071 (any) ``mm/slab.c``
-EEPROM_MAGIC_VALUE 0x5ab478d2 lanai_dev ``drivers/atm/lanai.c``
-HDLCDRV_MAGIC 0x5ac6e778 hdlcdrv_state ``include/linux/hdlcdrv.h``
-PCXX_MAGIC 0x5c6df104 channel ``drivers/char/pcxx.h``
-KV_MAGIC 0x5f4b565f kernel_vars_s ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/klkernvars.h``
-I810_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 i810_state ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
-TRIDENT_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 trient_state ``sound/oss/trident.c``
-M3_CARD_MAGIC 0x646e6f50 m3_card ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
-FW_HEADER_MAGIC 0x65726F66 fw_header ``drivers/atm/fore200e.h``
-SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267321 slot ``drivers/hotplug/cpqphp.h``
-SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267322 slot ``drivers/hotplug/acpiphp.h``
-LO_MAGIC 0x68797548 nbd_device ``include/linux/nbd.h``
-M3_STATE_MAGIC 0x734d724d m3_state ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
-VMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654320 snd_alloc_track ``sound/core/memory.c``
-KMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654321 snd_alloc_track ``sound/core/memory.c``
-PWC_MAGIC 0x89DC10AB pwc_device ``drivers/usb/media/pwc.h``
-NBD_REPLY_MAGIC 0x96744668 nbd_reply ``include/linux/nbd.h``
-ENI155_MAGIC 0xa54b872d midway_eprom ``drivers/atm/eni.h``
-CODA_MAGIC 0xC0DAC0DA coda_file_info ``fs/coda/coda_fs_i.h``
-YAM_MAGIC 0xF10A7654 yam_port ``drivers/net/hamradio/yam.c``
-CCB_MAGIC 0xf2691ad2 ccb ``drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c``
-QUEUE_MAGIC_FREE 0xf7e1c9a3 queue_entry ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
-QUEUE_MAGIC_USED 0xf7e1cc33 queue_entry ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
-HTB_CMAGIC 0xFEFAFEF1 htb_class ``net/sched/sch_htb.c``
-NMI_MAGIC 0x48414d4d455201 nmi_s ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/nmi.h``
-===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
-
-Note that there are also defined special per-driver magic numbers in sound
-memory management. See ``include/sound/sndmagic.h`` for complete list of them. Many
-OSS sound drivers have their magic numbers constructed from the soundcard PCI
-ID - these are not listed here as well.
-
-HFS is another larger user of magic numbers - you can find them in
-``fs/hfs/hfs.h``.
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/index.rst b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/index.rst
index 8d4e36a07ff4..71adf53bc297 100644
--- a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/index.rst
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ perché non si è trovato un posto migliore.
applying-patches
adding-syscalls
- magic-number
volatile-considered-harmful
clang-format
../riscv/patch-acceptance
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/magic-number.rst b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/magic-number.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index f452fafb1e84..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/magic-number.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-.. include:: ../disclaimer-ita.rst
-
-:Original: :ref:`Documentation/process/magic-number.rst <magicnumbers>`
-:Translator: Federico Vaga <federico.vaga@...a.pv.it>
-
-.. _it_magicnumbers:
-
-I numeri magici di Linux
-========================
-
-Questo documento è un registro dei numeri magici in uso. Quando
-aggiungete un numero magico ad una struttura, dovreste aggiungerlo anche
-a questo documento; la cosa migliore è che tutti i numeri magici usati
-dalle varie strutture siano unici.
-
-È **davvero** un'ottima idea proteggere le strutture dati del kernel con
-dei numeri magici. Questo vi permette in fase d'esecuzione di (a) verificare
-se una struttura è stata malmenata, o (b) avete passato a una procedura la
-struttura errata. Quest'ultimo è molto utile - particolarmente quando si passa
-una struttura dati tramite un puntatore void \*. Il codice tty, per esempio,
-effettua questa operazione con regolarità passando avanti e indietro le
-strutture specifiche per driver e discipline.
-
-Per utilizzare un numero magico, dovete dichiararlo all'inizio della struttura
-dati, come di seguito::
-
- struct tty_ldisc {
- int magic;
- ...
- };
-
-Per favore, seguite questa direttiva quando aggiungerete migliorie al kernel!
-Mi ha risparmiato un numero illimitato di ore di debug, specialmente nei casi
-più ostici dove si è andati oltre la dimensione di un vettore e la struttura
-dati che lo seguiva in memoria è stata sovrascritta. Seguendo questa
-direttiva, questi casi vengono identificati velocemente e in sicurezza.
-
-Registro dei cambiamenti::
-
- Theodore Ts'o
- 31 Mar 94
-
- La tabella magica è aggiornata a Linux 2.1.55.
-
- Michael Chastain
- <mailto:mec@...ut.net>
- 22 Sep 1997
-
- Ora dovrebbe essere aggiornata a Linux 2.1.112. Dato che
- siamo in un momento di congelamento delle funzionalità
- (*feature freeze*) è improbabile che qualcosa cambi prima
- della versione 2.2.x. Le righe sono ordinate secondo il
- campo numero.
-
- Krzysztof G. Baranowski
- <mailto: kgb@....org.pl>
- 29 Jul 1998
-
- Aggiornamento della tabella a Linux 2.5.45. Giusti nel congelamento
- delle funzionalità ma è comunque possibile che qualche nuovo
- numero magico s'intrufoli prima del kernel 2.6.x.
-
- Petr Baudis
- <pasky@....cz>
- 03 Nov 2002
-
- Aggiornamento della tabella magica a Linux 2.5.74.
-
- Fabian Frederick
- <ffrederick@...rs.sourceforge.net>
- 09 Jul 2003
-
-
-===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
-Nome magico Numero Struttura File
-===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
-PG_MAGIC 'P' pg_{read,write}_hdr ``include/linux/pg.h``
-CMAGIC 0x0111 user ``include/linux/a.out.h``
-MKISS_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x04bf mkiss_channel ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
-HDLC_MAGIC 0x239e n_hdlc ``drivers/char/n_hdlc.c``
-APM_BIOS_MAGIC 0x4101 apm_user ``arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c``
-DB_MAGIC 0x4442 fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
-DL_MAGIC 0x444d fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
-FASYNC_MAGIC 0x4601 fasync_struct ``include/linux/fs.h``
-FF_MAGIC 0x4646 fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
-PTY_MAGIC 0x5001 ``drivers/char/pty.c``
-PPP_MAGIC 0x5002 ppp ``include/linux/if_pppvar.h``
-SSTATE_MAGIC 0x5302 serial_state ``include/linux/serial.h``
-SLIP_MAGIC 0x5302 slip ``drivers/net/slip.h``
-STRIP_MAGIC 0x5303 strip ``drivers/net/strip.c``
-SIXPACK_MAGIC 0x5304 sixpack ``drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.h``
-AX25_MAGIC 0x5316 ax_disp ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
-TTY_MAGIC 0x5401 tty_struct ``include/linux/tty.h``
-MGSL_MAGIC 0x5401 mgsl_info ``drivers/char/synclink.c``
-TTY_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x5402 tty_driver ``include/linux/tty_driver.h``
-MGSLPC_MAGIC 0x5402 mgslpc_info ``drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c``
-USB_SERIAL_MAGIC 0x6702 usb_serial ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
-FULL_DUPLEX_MAGIC 0x6969 ``drivers/net/ethernet/dec/tulip/de2104x.c``
-USB_BLUETOOTH_MAGIC 0x6d02 usb_bluetooth ``drivers/usb/class/bluetty.c``
-RFCOMM_TTY_MAGIC 0x6d02 ``net/bluetooth/rfcomm/tty.c``
-USB_SERIAL_PORT_MAGIC 0x7301 usb_serial_port ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
-CG_MAGIC 0x00090255 ufs_cylinder_group ``include/linux/ufs_fs.h``
-LSEMAGIC 0x05091998 lse ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
-RIEBL_MAGIC 0x09051990 ``drivers/net/atarilance.c``
-NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC 0x12560953 nbd_request ``include/linux/nbd.h``
-RED_MAGIC2 0x170fc2a5 (any) ``mm/slab.c``
-BAYCOM_MAGIC 0x19730510 baycom_state ``drivers/net/baycom_epp.c``
-ISDN_X25IFACE_MAGIC 0x1e75a2b9 isdn_x25iface_proto_data ``drivers/isdn/isdn_x25iface.h``
-ECP_MAGIC 0x21504345 cdkecpsig ``include/linux/cdk.h``
-LSOMAGIC 0x27091997 lso ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
-LSMAGIC 0x2a3b4d2a ls ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
-WANPIPE_MAGIC 0x414C4453 sdla_{dump,exec} ``include/linux/wanpipe.h``
-CS_CARD_MAGIC 0x43525553 cs_card ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
-LABELCL_MAGIC 0x4857434c labelcl_info_s ``include/asm/ia64/sn/labelcl.h``
-ISDN_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 modem_info ``include/linux/isdn.h``
-CTC_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 ctc_tty_info ``drivers/s390/net/ctctty.c``
-ISDN_NET_MAGIC 0x49344C02 isdn_net_local_s ``drivers/isdn/i4l/isdn_net_lib.h``
-SAVEKMSG_MAGIC2 0x4B4D5347 savekmsg ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
-CS_STATE_MAGIC 0x4c4f4749 cs_state ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
-SLAB_C_MAGIC 0x4f17a36d kmem_cache ``mm/slab.c``
-COW_MAGIC 0x4f4f4f4d cow_header_v1 ``arch/um/drivers/ubd_user.c``
-I810_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E i810_card ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
-TRIDENT_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E trident_card ``sound/oss/trident.c``
-ROUTER_MAGIC 0x524d4157 wan_device [in ``wanrouter.h`` pre 3.9]
-SAVEKMSG_MAGIC1 0x53415645 savekmsg ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
-GDA_MAGIC 0x58464552 gda ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/gda.h``
-RED_MAGIC1 0x5a2cf071 (any) ``mm/slab.c``
-EEPROM_MAGIC_VALUE 0x5ab478d2 lanai_dev ``drivers/atm/lanai.c``
-HDLCDRV_MAGIC 0x5ac6e778 hdlcdrv_state ``include/linux/hdlcdrv.h``
-PCXX_MAGIC 0x5c6df104 channel ``drivers/char/pcxx.h``
-KV_MAGIC 0x5f4b565f kernel_vars_s ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/klkernvars.h``
-I810_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 i810_state ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
-TRIDENT_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 trient_state ``sound/oss/trident.c``
-M3_CARD_MAGIC 0x646e6f50 m3_card ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
-FW_HEADER_MAGIC 0x65726F66 fw_header ``drivers/atm/fore200e.h``
-SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267321 slot ``drivers/hotplug/cpqphp.h``
-SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267322 slot ``drivers/hotplug/acpiphp.h``
-LO_MAGIC 0x68797548 nbd_device ``include/linux/nbd.h``
-M3_STATE_MAGIC 0x734d724d m3_state ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
-VMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654320 snd_alloc_track ``sound/core/memory.c``
-KMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654321 snd_alloc_track ``sound/core/memory.c``
-PWC_MAGIC 0x89DC10AB pwc_device ``drivers/usb/media/pwc.h``
-NBD_REPLY_MAGIC 0x96744668 nbd_reply ``include/linux/nbd.h``
-ENI155_MAGIC 0xa54b872d midway_eprom ``drivers/atm/eni.h``
-CODA_MAGIC 0xC0DAC0DA coda_file_info ``fs/coda/coda_fs_i.h``
-YAM_MAGIC 0xF10A7654 yam_port ``drivers/net/hamradio/yam.c``
-CCB_MAGIC 0xf2691ad2 ccb ``drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c``
-QUEUE_MAGIC_FREE 0xf7e1c9a3 queue_entry ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
-QUEUE_MAGIC_USED 0xf7e1cc33 queue_entry ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
-HTB_CMAGIC 0xFEFAFEF1 htb_class ``net/sched/sch_htb.c``
-NMI_MAGIC 0x48414d4d455201 nmi_s ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/nmi.h``
-===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
-
-Da notare che ci sono anche dei numeri magici specifici per driver nel
-*sound memory management*. Consultate ``include/sound/sndmagic.h`` per una
-lista completa. Molti driver audio OSS hanno i loro numeri magici costruiti a
-partire dall'identificativo PCI della scheda audio - nemmeno questi sono
-elencati in questo file.
-
-Il file-system HFS è un altro grande utilizzatore di numeri magici - potete
-trovarli qui ``fs/hfs/hfs.h``.
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/index.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/index.rst
index a683dbea0c83..e102e6a8fa45 100644
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/index.rst
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
- magic-number
volatile-considered-harmful
.. only:: subproject and html
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/magic-number.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/magic-number.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 42f0635ca70a..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/magic-number.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-.. _cn_magicnumbers:
-
-.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_CN.rst
-
-:Original: :ref:`Documentation/process/magic-number.rst <magicnumbers>`
-
-如果想评论或更新本文的内容，请直接发信到LKML。如果你使用英文交流有困难的话，也可
-以向中文版维护者求助。如果本翻译更新不及时或者翻译存在问题，请联系中文版维护者::
-
- 中文版维护者： 贾威威 Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@...il.com>
- 中文版翻译者： 贾威威 Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@...il.com>
- 中文版校译者： 贾威威 Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@...il.com>
-
-Linux 魔术数
-============
-
-这个文件是有关当前使用的魔术值注册表。当你给一个结构添加了一个魔术值，你也应该把这个魔术值添加到这个文件，因为我们最好把用于各种结构的魔术值统一起来。
-
-使用魔术值来保护内核数据结构是一个非常好的主意。这就允许你在运行期检查(a)一个结构是否已经被攻击，或者(b)你已经给一个例行程序通过了一个错误的结构。后一种情况特别地有用---特别是当你通过一个空指针指向结构体的时候。tty源码，例如，经常通过特定驱动使用这种方法并且反复地排列特定方面的结构。
-
-使用魔术值的方法是在结构的开始处声明的，如下::
-
- struct tty_ldisc {
- int magic;
- ...
- };
-
-当你以后给内核添加增强功能的时候，请遵守这条规则！这样就会节省数不清的调试时间，特别是一些古怪的情况，例如，数组超出范围并且重新写了超出部分。遵守这个规则，这些情况可以被快速地，安全地避免。
-
- Theodore Ts'o
- 31 Mar 94
-
-给当前的Linux 2.1.55添加魔术表。
-
- Michael Chastain
- <mailto:mec@...ut.net>
- 22 Sep 1997
-
-现在应该最新的Linux 2.1.112.因为在特性冻结期间，不能在2.2.x前改变任何东西。这些条目被数域所排序。
-
- Krzysztof G.Baranowski
- <mailto: kgb@....org.pl>
- 29 Jul 1998
-
-更新魔术表到Linux 2.5.45。刚好越过特性冻结，但是有可能还会有一些新的魔术值在2.6.x之前融入到内核中。
-
- Petr Baudis
- <pasky@....cz>
- 03 Nov 2002
-
-更新魔术表到Linux 2.5.74。
-
- Fabian Frederick
- <ffrederick@...rs.sourceforge.net>
- 09 Jul 2003
-
-===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
-魔术数名 数字 结构 文件
-===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
-PG_MAGIC 'P' pg_{read,write}_hdr ``include/linux/pg.h``
-CMAGIC 0x0111 user ``include/linux/a.out.h``
-MKISS_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x04bf mkiss_channel ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
-HDLC_MAGIC 0x239e n_hdlc ``drivers/char/n_hdlc.c``
-APM_BIOS_MAGIC 0x4101 apm_user ``arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c``
-DB_MAGIC 0x4442 fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
-DL_MAGIC 0x444d fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
-FASYNC_MAGIC 0x4601 fasync_struct ``include/linux/fs.h``
-FF_MAGIC 0x4646 fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
-PTY_MAGIC 0x5001 ``drivers/char/pty.c``
-PPP_MAGIC 0x5002 ppp ``include/linux/if_pppvar.h``
-SSTATE_MAGIC 0x5302 serial_state ``include/linux/serial.h``
-SLIP_MAGIC 0x5302 slip ``drivers/net/slip.h``
-STRIP_MAGIC 0x5303 strip ``drivers/net/strip.c``
-SIXPACK_MAGIC 0x5304 sixpack ``drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.h``
-AX25_MAGIC 0x5316 ax_disp ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
-TTY_MAGIC 0x5401 tty_struct ``include/linux/tty.h``
-MGSL_MAGIC 0x5401 mgsl_info ``drivers/char/synclink.c``
-TTY_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x5402 tty_driver ``include/linux/tty_driver.h``
-MGSLPC_MAGIC 0x5402 mgslpc_info ``drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c``
-USB_SERIAL_MAGIC 0x6702 usb_serial ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
-FULL_DUPLEX_MAGIC 0x6969 ``drivers/net/ethernet/dec/tulip/de2104x.c``
-USB_BLUETOOTH_MAGIC 0x6d02 usb_bluetooth ``drivers/usb/class/bluetty.c``
-RFCOMM_TTY_MAGIC 0x6d02 ``net/bluetooth/rfcomm/tty.c``
-USB_SERIAL_PORT_MAGIC 0x7301 usb_serial_port ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
-CG_MAGIC 0x00090255 ufs_cylinder_group ``include/linux/ufs_fs.h``
-LSEMAGIC 0x05091998 lse ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
-GDTIOCTL_MAGIC 0x06030f07 gdth_iowr_str ``drivers/scsi/gdth_ioctl.h``
-RIEBL_MAGIC 0x09051990 ``drivers/net/atarilance.c``
-NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC 0x12560953 nbd_request ``include/linux/nbd.h``
-RED_MAGIC2 0x170fc2a5 (any) ``mm/slab.c``
-BAYCOM_MAGIC 0x19730510 baycom_state ``drivers/net/baycom_epp.c``
-ISDN_X25IFACE_MAGIC 0x1e75a2b9 isdn_x25iface_proto_data ``drivers/isdn/isdn_x25iface.h``
-ECP_MAGIC 0x21504345 cdkecpsig ``include/linux/cdk.h``
-LSOMAGIC 0x27091997 lso ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
-LSMAGIC 0x2a3b4d2a ls ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
-WANPIPE_MAGIC 0x414C4453 sdla_{dump,exec} ``include/linux/wanpipe.h``
-CS_CARD_MAGIC 0x43525553 cs_card ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
-LABELCL_MAGIC 0x4857434c labelcl_info_s ``include/asm/ia64/sn/labelcl.h``
-ISDN_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 modem_info ``include/linux/isdn.h``
-CTC_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 ctc_tty_info ``drivers/s390/net/ctctty.c``
-ISDN_NET_MAGIC 0x49344C02 isdn_net_local_s ``drivers/isdn/i4l/isdn_net_lib.h``
-SAVEKMSG_MAGIC2 0x4B4D5347 savekmsg ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
-CS_STATE_MAGIC 0x4c4f4749 cs_state ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
-SLAB_C_MAGIC 0x4f17a36d kmem_cache ``mm/slab.c``
-COW_MAGIC 0x4f4f4f4d cow_header_v1 ``arch/um/drivers/ubd_user.c``
-I810_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E i810_card ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
-TRIDENT_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E trident_card ``sound/oss/trident.c``
-ROUTER_MAGIC 0x524d4157 wan_device [in ``wanrouter.h`` pre 3.9]
-SAVEKMSG_MAGIC1 0x53415645 savekmsg ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
-GDA_MAGIC 0x58464552 gda ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/gda.h``
-RED_MAGIC1 0x5a2cf071 (any) ``mm/slab.c``
-EEPROM_MAGIC_VALUE 0x5ab478d2 lanai_dev ``drivers/atm/lanai.c``
-HDLCDRV_MAGIC 0x5ac6e778 hdlcdrv_state ``include/linux/hdlcdrv.h``
-PCXX_MAGIC 0x5c6df104 channel ``drivers/char/pcxx.h``
-KV_MAGIC 0x5f4b565f kernel_vars_s ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/klkernvars.h``
-I810_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 i810_state ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
-TRIDENT_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 trient_state ``sound/oss/trident.c``
-M3_CARD_MAGIC 0x646e6f50 m3_card ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
-FW_HEADER_MAGIC 0x65726F66 fw_header ``drivers/atm/fore200e.h``
-SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267321 slot ``drivers/hotplug/cpqphp.h``
-SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267322 slot ``drivers/hotplug/acpiphp.h``
-LO_MAGIC 0x68797548 nbd_device ``include/linux/nbd.h``
-M3_STATE_MAGIC 0x734d724d m3_state ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
-VMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654320 snd_alloc_track ``sound/core/memory.c``
-KMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654321 snd_alloc_track ``sound/core/memory.c``
-PWC_MAGIC 0x89DC10AB pwc_device ``drivers/usb/media/pwc.h``
-NBD_REPLY_MAGIC 0x96744668 nbd_reply ``include/linux/nbd.h``
-ENI155_MAGIC 0xa54b872d midway_eprom ``drivers/atm/eni.h``
-CODA_MAGIC 0xC0DAC0DA coda_file_info ``fs/coda/coda_fs_i.h``
-DPMEM_MAGIC 0xc0ffee11 gdt_pci_sram ``drivers/scsi/gdth.h``
-YAM_MAGIC 0xF10A7654 yam_port ``drivers/net/hamradio/yam.c``
-CCB_MAGIC 0xf2691ad2 ccb ``drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c``
-QUEUE_MAGIC_FREE 0xf7e1c9a3 queue_entry ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
-QUEUE_MAGIC_USED 0xf7e1cc33 queue_entry ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
-HTB_CMAGIC 0xFEFAFEF1 htb_class ``net/sched/sch_htb.c``
-NMI_MAGIC 0x48414d4d455201 nmi_s ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/nmi.h``
-===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
-
-
-请注意，在声音记忆管理中仍然有一些特殊的为每个驱动定义的魔术值。查看include/sound/sndmagic.h来获取他们完整的列表信息。很多OSS声音驱动拥有自己从声卡PCI ID构建的魔术值-他们也没有被列在这里。
-
-IrDA子系统也使用了大量的自己的魔术值，查看include/net/irda/irda.h来获取他们完整的信息。
-
-HFS是另外一个比较大的使用魔术值的文件系统-你可以在fs/hfs/hfs.h中找到他们。
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/index.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/index.rst
index c5c59b4fd595..cb3dea0b78ab 100644
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/index.rst
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
- magic-number
volatile-considered-harmful
.. only:: subproject and html
diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/magic-number.rst b/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/magic-number.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index ae321a9aaece..000000000000
--- a/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/magic-number.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-
-.. _tw_magicnumbers:
-
-.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_TW.rst
-
-:Original: :ref:`Documentation/process/magic-number.rst <magicnumbers>`
-
-如果想評論或更新本文的內容，請直接發信到LKML。如果你使用英文交流有困難的話，也可
-以向中文版維護者求助。如果本翻譯更新不及時或者翻譯存在問題，請聯繫中文版維護者::
-
- 中文版維護者： 賈威威 Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@...il.com>
- 中文版翻譯者： 賈威威 Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@...il.com>
- 中文版校譯者： 賈威威 Jia Wei Wei <harryxiyou@...il.com>
- 胡皓文 Hu Haowen <src.res@...il.cn>
-
-Linux 魔術數
-============
-
-這個文件是有關當前使用的魔術值註冊表。當你給一個結構添加了一個魔術值，你也應該把這個魔術值添加到這個文件，因爲我們最好把用於各種結構的魔術值統一起來。
-
-使用魔術值來保護內核數據結構是一個非常好的主意。這就允許你在運行期檢查(a)一個結構是否已經被攻擊，或者(b)你已經給一個例行程序通過了一個錯誤的結構。後一種情況特別地有用---特別是當你通過一個空指針指向結構體的時候。tty源碼，例如，經常通過特定驅動使用這種方法並且反覆地排列特定方面的結構。
-
-使用魔術值的方法是在結構的開始處聲明的，如下::
-
- struct tty_ldisc {
- int magic;
- ...
- };
-
-當你以後給內核添加增強功能的時候，請遵守這條規則！這樣就會節省數不清的調試時間，特別是一些古怪的情況，例如，數組超出範圍並且重新寫了超出部分。遵守這個規則，這些情況可以被快速地，安全地避免。
-
- Theodore Ts'o
- 31 Mar 94
-
-給當前的Linux 2.1.55添加魔術表。
-
- Michael Chastain
- <mailto:mec@...ut.net>
- 22 Sep 1997
-
-現在應該最新的Linux 2.1.112.因爲在特性凍結期間，不能在2.2.x前改變任何東西。這些條目被數域所排序。
-
- Krzysztof G.Baranowski
- <mailto: kgb@....org.pl>
- 29 Jul 1998
-
-更新魔術表到Linux 2.5.45。剛好越過特性凍結，但是有可能還會有一些新的魔術值在2.6.x之前融入到內核中。
-
- Petr Baudis
- <pasky@....cz>
- 03 Nov 2002
-
-更新魔術表到Linux 2.5.74。
-
- Fabian Frederick
- <ffrederick@...rs.sourceforge.net>
- 09 Jul 2003
-
-===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
-魔術數名 數字 結構 文件
-===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
-PG_MAGIC 'P' pg_{read,write}_hdr ``include/linux/pg.h``
-CMAGIC 0x0111 user ``include/linux/a.out.h``
-MKISS_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x04bf mkiss_channel ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
-HDLC_MAGIC 0x239e n_hdlc ``drivers/char/n_hdlc.c``
-APM_BIOS_MAGIC 0x4101 apm_user ``arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c``
-DB_MAGIC 0x4442 fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
-DL_MAGIC 0x444d fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
-FASYNC_MAGIC 0x4601 fasync_struct ``include/linux/fs.h``
-FF_MAGIC 0x4646 fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
-PTY_MAGIC 0x5001 ``drivers/char/pty.c``
-PPP_MAGIC 0x5002 ppp ``include/linux/if_pppvar.h``
-SSTATE_MAGIC 0x5302 serial_state ``include/linux/serial.h``
-SLIP_MAGIC 0x5302 slip ``drivers/net/slip.h``
-STRIP_MAGIC 0x5303 strip ``drivers/net/strip.c``
-SIXPACK_MAGIC 0x5304 sixpack ``drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.h``
-AX25_MAGIC 0x5316 ax_disp ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
-TTY_MAGIC 0x5401 tty_struct ``include/linux/tty.h``
-MGSL_MAGIC 0x5401 mgsl_info ``drivers/char/synclink.c``
-TTY_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x5402 tty_driver ``include/linux/tty_driver.h``
-MGSLPC_MAGIC 0x5402 mgslpc_info ``drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c``
-USB_SERIAL_MAGIC 0x6702 usb_serial ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
-FULL_DUPLEX_MAGIC 0x6969 ``drivers/net/ethernet/dec/tulip/de2104x.c``
-USB_BLUETOOTH_MAGIC 0x6d02 usb_bluetooth ``drivers/usb/class/bluetty.c``
-RFCOMM_TTY_MAGIC 0x6d02 ``net/bluetooth/rfcomm/tty.c``
-USB_SERIAL_PORT_MAGIC 0x7301 usb_serial_port ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
-CG_MAGIC 0x00090255 ufs_cylinder_group ``include/linux/ufs_fs.h``
-LSEMAGIC 0x05091998 lse ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
-GDTIOCTL_MAGIC 0x06030f07 gdth_iowr_str ``drivers/scsi/gdth_ioctl.h``
-RIEBL_MAGIC 0x09051990 ``drivers/net/atarilance.c``
-NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC 0x12560953 nbd_request ``include/linux/nbd.h``
-RED_MAGIC2 0x170fc2a5 (any) ``mm/slab.c``
-BAYCOM_MAGIC 0x19730510 baycom_state ``drivers/net/baycom_epp.c``
-ISDN_X25IFACE_MAGIC 0x1e75a2b9 isdn_x25iface_proto_data ``drivers/isdn/isdn_x25iface.h``
-ECP_MAGIC 0x21504345 cdkecpsig ``include/linux/cdk.h``
-LSOMAGIC 0x27091997 lso ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
-LSMAGIC 0x2a3b4d2a ls ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
-WANPIPE_MAGIC 0x414C4453 sdla_{dump,exec} ``include/linux/wanpipe.h``
-CS_CARD_MAGIC 0x43525553 cs_card ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
-LABELCL_MAGIC 0x4857434c labelcl_info_s ``include/asm/ia64/sn/labelcl.h``
-ISDN_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 modem_info ``include/linux/isdn.h``
-CTC_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 ctc_tty_info ``drivers/s390/net/ctctty.c``
-ISDN_NET_MAGIC 0x49344C02 isdn_net_local_s ``drivers/isdn/i4l/isdn_net_lib.h``
-SAVEKMSG_MAGIC2 0x4B4D5347 savekmsg ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
-CS_STATE_MAGIC 0x4c4f4749 cs_state ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
-SLAB_C_MAGIC 0x4f17a36d kmem_cache ``mm/slab.c``
-COW_MAGIC 0x4f4f4f4d cow_header_v1 ``arch/um/drivers/ubd_user.c``
-I810_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E i810_card ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
-TRIDENT_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E trident_card ``sound/oss/trident.c``
-ROUTER_MAGIC 0x524d4157 wan_device [in ``wanrouter.h`` pre 3.9]
-SAVEKMSG_MAGIC1 0x53415645 savekmsg ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
-GDA_MAGIC 0x58464552 gda ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/gda.h``
-RED_MAGIC1 0x5a2cf071 (any) ``mm/slab.c``
-EEPROM_MAGIC_VALUE 0x5ab478d2 lanai_dev ``drivers/atm/lanai.c``
-HDLCDRV_MAGIC 0x5ac6e778 hdlcdrv_state ``include/linux/hdlcdrv.h``
-PCXX_MAGIC 0x5c6df104 channel ``drivers/char/pcxx.h``
-KV_MAGIC 0x5f4b565f kernel_vars_s ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/klkernvars.h``
-I810_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 i810_state ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
-TRIDENT_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 trient_state ``sound/oss/trident.c``
-M3_CARD_MAGIC 0x646e6f50 m3_card ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
-FW_HEADER_MAGIC 0x65726F66 fw_header ``drivers/atm/fore200e.h``
-SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267321 slot ``drivers/hotplug/cpqphp.h``
-SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267322 slot ``drivers/hotplug/acpiphp.h``
-LO_MAGIC 0x68797548 nbd_device ``include/linux/nbd.h``
-M3_STATE_MAGIC 0x734d724d m3_state ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
-VMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654320 snd_alloc_track ``sound/core/memory.c``
-KMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654321 snd_alloc_track ``sound/core/memory.c``
-PWC_MAGIC 0x89DC10AB pwc_device ``drivers/usb/media/pwc.h``
-NBD_REPLY_MAGIC 0x96744668 nbd_reply ``include/linux/nbd.h``
-ENI155_MAGIC 0xa54b872d midway_eprom ``drivers/atm/eni.h``
-CODA_MAGIC 0xC0DAC0DA coda_file_info ``fs/coda/coda_fs_i.h``
-DPMEM_MAGIC 0xc0ffee11 gdt_pci_sram ``drivers/scsi/gdth.h``
-YAM_MAGIC 0xF10A7654 yam_port ``drivers/net/hamradio/yam.c``
-CCB_MAGIC 0xf2691ad2 ccb ``drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c``
-QUEUE_MAGIC_FREE 0xf7e1c9a3 queue_entry ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
-QUEUE_MAGIC_USED 0xf7e1cc33 queue_entry ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
-HTB_CMAGIC 0xFEFAFEF1 htb_class ``net/sched/sch_htb.c``
-NMI_MAGIC 0x48414d4d455201 nmi_s ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/nmi.h``
-===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
-
-
-請注意，在聲音記憶管理中仍然有一些特殊的爲每個驅動定義的魔術值。查看include/sound/sndmagic.h來獲取他們完整的列表信息。很多OSS聲音驅動擁有自己從音效卡PCI ID構建的魔術值-他們也沒有被列在這裡。
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-IrDA子系統也使用了大量的自己的魔術值，查看include/net/irda/irda.h來獲取他們完整的信息。
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-HFS是另外一個比較大的使用魔術值的文件系統-你可以在fs/hfs/hfs.h中找到他們。
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2.30.2
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