Message-ID: <87sfkmj8xs.fsf@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue, 20 Sep 2022 18:55:50 +0300
From:   Mikhail Rudenko <mike.rudenko@...il.com>
To:     Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@...asonboard.com>
Cc:     Sakari Ailus <sakari.ailus@...ux.intel.com>,
        Dave Stevenson <dave.stevenson@...pberrypi.com>,
        Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@...nel.org>,
        Rob Herring <robh+dt@...nel.org>,
        Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski+dt@...aro.org>,
        Hans Verkuil <hverkuil-cisco@...all.nl>,
        Jacopo Mondi <jacopo@...ndi.org>,
        Shawn Tu <shawnx.tu@...el.com>, Jimmy Su <jimmy.su@...el.com>,
        Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>, Arec Kao <arec.kao@...el.com>,
        Marek Vasut <marex@...x.de>, linux-media@...r.kernel.org,
        devicetree@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 0/2] Add Omnivision OV4689 image sensor driver


Hi Laurent,

On 2022-09-19 at 16:49 +03, Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@...asonboard.com> wrote:

> Hello,
>
> On Mon, Sep 19, 2022 at 10:31:02AM +0000, Sakari Ailus wrote:
>> On Mon, Sep 19, 2022 at 10:01:06AM +0300, Mikhail Rudenko wrote:
>> > On 2022-09-19 at 06:40 GMT, Sakari Ailus wrote:
>> > > On Fri, Sep 16, 2022 at 12:27:42AM +0300, Mikhail Rudenko wrote:
>> > >> On 2022-09-14 at 10:58 +01, Dave Stevenson wrote:
>> > >> > On Sun, 11 Sept 2022 at 21:02, Mikhail Rudenko wrote:
>> > >> >>
>> > >> >> Hello,
>> > >> >>
>> > >> >> this series implements support for Omnivision OV4689 image
>> > >> >> sensor. The Omnivision OV4689 is a high performance, 1/3-inch, 4
>> > >> >> megapixel image sensor. Ihis chip supports high frame rate speeds up
>> > >> >> to 90 fps at 2688x1520 resolution. It is programmable through an I2C
>> > >> >> interface, and sensor output is sent via 1/2/4 lane MIPI CSI-2
>> > >> >> connection.
>> > >> >>
>> > >> >> The driver is based on Rockchip BSP kernel [1]. It implements 4-lane CSI-2
>> > >> >> and single 2688x1520 @ 30 fps mode. The driver was tested on Rockchip
>> > >> >> 3399-based FriendlyElec NanoPi M4 board with MCAM400 camera
>> > >> >> module.
>> > >> >> While porting the driver, I stumbled upon two issues:
>> >
>> > [snip]
>> >
>> > >> >> (2) The original driver exposes analog gain range 0x0 - 0x7ff, but the
>> > >> >> gain is not linear across that range. Instead, it is piecewise linear
>> > >> >> (and discontinuous). 0x0-0xff register values result in 0x-2x gain,
>> > >> >> 0x100-0x1ff to 0x-4x, 0x300-0x3ff to 0x-8x, and 0x700-0x7ff to 0x-16x,
>> > >> >> with more linear segments in between. Rockchip's camera engine code
>> > >> >> chooses one of the above segments depenging on the desired gain
>> > >> >> value. The question is, how should we proceed keeping in mind
>> > >> >> libcamera use case? Should the whole 0x0-0x7ff be exposed as-is and
>> > >> >> libcamera will do the mapping, or the driver will do the mapping
>> > >> >> itself and expose some logical gain units not tied to the actual gain
>> > >> >> register value? Meanwhile, this driver conservatively exposes only
>> > >> >> 0x0-0xf8 gain register range.
>> > >> >
>> > >> > The datasheet linked above says "for the gain formula, please contact
>> > >> > your local OmniVision FAE" :-(
>> > >> > I would assume that the range is from 1x rather than 0x - people
>> > >> > rarely want a totally black image that 0x would give. Or is it ranges
>> > >> > of 1x - 2x, 2x - 4x, 4x - 8x, and 8x - 16x?
>> > >>
>> > >> A picture is worth a thousand words, so I've attached the results of my
>> > >> experimentation with the gain register. They were obtained with Rockchip
>> > >> 3399, with AEC, AGC and black level subtraction disabled. The image was
>> > >> converted from 10-bit RGGB to 8-bit YUV 4:2:0 by the Rockchip ISP.
>
> Is that full or limited range YUV ?
>

That is default rkisp1 setting, supposedly limited range. This is
consistent with the fact that I have not seen brightness less than 19
and more than 235.

>> > > Based on that it looks like their medication may have been a
>> > > little too strong.
>> > >
>> > > Could this be implemented so that the control value would be linear linear
>> > > but its range would correspond 1x--16x values?
>> > >
>> > > libcamera will be able to cope with that.
>> >
>> > According to the following fragment of the Rockchip camera engine sensor
>> > configuration file for ov4689 [1]
>> >
>> >     <Linear index="1" type="double" size="[4 7]">
>> >        [1 2 128 0 1 128 255
>> >         2 4 64 -248 1 376 504
>> >         4 8 32 -756 1 884 1012
>> >         8 16 16 -1784 1 1912 2040]
>> >     </Linear>,
>> >
>> > it uses gain register value range 128-255 for gain 1x-2x, 376-504 for
>> > gain 2x-4x, 884-1024 for 4x-8x, and 1912-2040 for 8x-16x. Do you suggest
>
> That looks *really* weird. I would have understood [384, 511], [896,
> 1023] and [1920, 2047], but not those intervals.
>
> The driver hardcodes bit 0x3503[2] to 1, which means "sensor gain
> format". Maybe setting it to 0 ("real gain format") would produce saner
> results ?

I've also found this bit when running the tests. I'll attach high
quality plots and raw data for both formats to this message. Overall,
"real gain format" looks a bit saner, though it probably needs gain
codes > 2048 to achieve 16x gain (not tested).

I decided to use "sensor gain format" only because it was one used in
the BSP driver. Now it looks like "real gain format" may be a better
choice. I'll rerun the tests with gain code range 0-4096. If we'll have
0-16x gain over the range 2048-4096 in "real gain format" (this is
expected from existing data), I'll just expose that for
CID_ANALOGUE_GAIN, no need to use piecewise mapping.

>> > to implement this calculation in the sensor driver and expose some
>> > linear "logical" gain to userspace (ranging, e.g., 128-2048 for gains
>> > 1x-16x)?
>>
>> Yes. This way the user space can somehow work without knowing this special
>> implementation, even though the granularity changes over the range. I guess
>> the granularity would need to be known in libcamera but that's a separate
>> issue.
>
> I can live with that.

--
Best regards,
Mikhail Rudenko

Download attachment "gain-test.3503_00.pdf" of type "application/pdf" (17518 bytes)

Download attachment "gain-test.3503_04.pdf" of type "application/pdf" (18767 bytes)

View attachment "gain-test.3503_00.log" of type "text/plain" (21416 bytes)

View attachment "gain-test.3503_04.log" of type "text/plain" (21458 bytes)

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