linux-kernel - Re: [RFC 0/6] migrate_pages(): batch TLB flushing

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Date:   Thu, 22 Sep 2022 09:45:11 +0800
From:   "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@...el.com>
To:     Zi Yan <ziy@...dia.com>
Cc:     <linux-mm@...ck.org>, <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Yang Shi <shy828301@...il.com>,
        Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@...ux.alibaba.com>,
        Oscar Salvador <osalvador@...e.de>,
        "Matthew Wilcox" <willy@...radead.org>
Subject: Re: [RFC 0/6] migrate_pages(): batch TLB flushing

Zi Yan <ziy@...dia.com> writes:

> On 21 Sep 2022, at 2:06, Huang Ying wrote:
>
>> From: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@...el.com>
>>
>> Now, migrate_pages() migrate pages one by one, like the fake code as
>> follows,
>>
>>   for each page
>>     unmap
>>     flush TLB
>>     copy
>>     restore map
>>
>> If multiple pages are passed to migrate_pages(), there are
>> opportunities to batch the TLB flushing and copying.  That is, we can
>> change the code to something as follows,
>>
>>   for each page
>>     unmap
>>   for each page
>>     flush TLB
>>   for each page
>>     copy
>>   for each page
>>     restore map
>>
>> The total number of TLB flushing IPI can be reduced considerably.  And
>> we may use some hardware accelerator such as DSA to accelerate the
>> page copying.
>>
>> So in this patch, we refactor the migrate_pages() implementation and
>> implement the TLB flushing batching.  Base on this, hardware
>> accelerated page copying can be implemented.
>>
>> If too many pages are passed to migrate_pages(), in the naive batched
>> implementation, we may unmap too many pages at the same time.  The
>> possibility for a task to wait for the migrated pages to be mapped
>> again increases.  So the latency may be hurt.  To deal with this
>> issue, the max number of pages be unmapped in batch is restricted to
>> no more than HPAGE_PMD_NR.  That is, the influence is at the same
>> level of THP migration.
>>
>> We use the following test to measure the performance impact of the
>> patchset,
>>
>> On a 2-socket Intel server,
>>
>>  - Run pmbench memory accessing benchmark
>>
>>  - Run `migratepages` to migrate pages of pmbench between node 0 and
>>    node 1 back and forth.
>>
>> With the patch, the TLB flushing IPI reduces 99.1% during the test and
>> the number of pages migrated successfully per second increases 291.7%.
>
> Thank you for the patchset. Batching page migration will definitely
> improve its throughput from my past experiments[1] and starting with
> TLB flushing is a good first step.

Thanks for the pointer, the patch description provides valuable information
for me already!

> BTW, what is the rationality behind the increased page migration
> success rate per second?

>From perf profiling data, in the base kernel,

  migrate_pages.migrate_to_node.do_migrate_pages.kernel_migrate_pages.__x64_sys_migrate_pages:	2.87
  ptep_clear_flush.try_to_migrate_one.rmap_walk_anon.try_to_migrate.__unmap_and_move:           2.39

Because pmbench run in the system too, the CPU cycles of migrate_pages()
is about 2.87%.  While the CPU cycles for TLB flushing is 2.39%.  That
is, 2.39/2.87 = 83.3% CPU cycles of migrate_pages() are used for TLB
flushing.

After batching the TLB flushing, the perf profiling data becomes,

  migrate_pages.migrate_to_node.do_migrate_pages.kernel_migrate_pages.__x64_sys_migrate_pages:	2.77
  move_to_new_folio.migrate_pages_batch.migrate_pages.migrate_to_node.do_migrate_pages:         1.68
  copy_page.folio_copy.migrate_folio.move_to_new_folio.migrate_pages_batch:                     1.21

1.21/2.77 = 43.7% CPU cycles of migrate_pages() are used for page
copying now.

  try_to_migrate_one:	0.23

The CPU cycles of unmapping and TLB flushing becomes 0.23/2.77 = 8.3% of
migrate_pages().

All in all, after the optimization, we do much less TLB flushing, which
consumes a lot of CPU cycles before the optimization.  So the throughput
of migrate_pages() increases greatly.

I will add these data in the next version of patch.

Best Regards,
Huang, Ying

>>
>> This patchset is based on v6.0-rc5 and the following patchset,
>>
>> [PATCH -V3 0/8] migrate_pages(): fix several bugs in error path
>> https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220817081408.513338-1-ying.huang@intel.com/
>>
>> The migrate_pages() related code is converting to folio now. So this
>> patchset cannot apply recent akpm/mm-unstable branch.  This patchset
>> is used to check the basic idea.  If it is OK, I will rebase the
>> patchset on top of folio changes.
>>
>> Best Regards,
>> Huang, Ying
>
>
> [1] https://lwn.net/Articles/784925/
>
> --
> Best Regards,
> Yan, Zi