Date:   Wed, 28 Sep 2022 11:11:52 +0200
From:   Emanuele Giuseppe Esposito <eesposit@...hat.com>
To:     Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>
Cc:     David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com>,
        Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@...hat.com>,
        Maxim Levitsky <mlevitsk@...hat.com>, kvm@...r.kernel.org,
        Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@...hat.com>,
        Wanpeng Li <wanpengli@...cent.com>,
        Jim Mattson <jmattson@...gle.com>,
        Joerg Roedel <joro@...tes.org>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>, Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>, x86@...nel.org,
        "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        Like Xu <like.xu.linux@...il.com>
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH 0/9] kvm: implement atomic memslot updates



Am 27/09/2022 um 17:58 schrieb Sean Christopherson:
> On Tue, Sep 27, 2022, Emanuele Giuseppe Esposito wrote:
>>
>> Am 26/09/2022 um 23:28 schrieb Sean Christopherson:
>>> On Mon, Sep 26, 2022, David Hildenbrand wrote:
>>>> As Sean said "This is an awful lot of a complexity to take on for something
>>>> that appears to be solvable in userspace."
>>>
>>> And if the userspace solution is unpalatable for whatever reason, I'd like to
>>> understand exactly what KVM behavior is problematic for userspace.  E.g. the
>>> above RHBZ bug should no longer be an issue as the buggy commit has since been
>>> reverted.
>>
>> It still is because I can reproduce the bug, as also pointed out in
>> multiple comments below.
> 
> You can reproduce _a_ bug, but it's obviously not the original bug, because the
> last comment says:
> 
>   Second, indeed the patch was reverted and somehow accepted without generating
>   too much noise:
> 
>   ...
> 
>   The underlying issue of course as we both know is still there.
> 
>   You might have luck reproducing it with this bug
> 
>   https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1855298
> 
>   But for me it looks like it is 'working' as well, so you might have
>   to write a unit test to trigger the issue.
> 
>>> If the issue is KVM doing something nonsensical on a code fetch to MMIO, then I'd
>>> much rather fix _that_ bug and improve KVM's user exit ABI to let userspace handle
>>> the race _if_ userspace chooses not to pause vCPUs.
>>>
>>
>> Also on the BZ they all seem (Paolo included) to agree that the issue is
>> non-atomic memslots update.
> 
> Yes, non-atomic memslot likely results in the guest fetching from a GPA without a
> memslot.  I'm asking for an explanation of exactly what happens when that occurs,
> because it should be possible to adjust KVM and/or QEMU to play nice with the
> fetch, e.g. to resume the guest until the new memslot is installed, in which case
> an atomic update isn't needed.
> 
> I assume the issue is that KVM exits with KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR because the
> guest is running at CPL=0, and QEMU kills the guest in response.  If that's correct,
> then that problem can be solved by exiting to userspace with KVM_EXIT_MMIO instead
> of KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR so that userspace can do something sane in response to
> the MMIO code fetch.
> 
> I'm pretty sure this patch will Just Work for QEMU, because QEMU simply resumes
> the vCPU if mmio.len==0.  It's a bit of a hack, but I don't think it violates KVM's
> ABI in any way, and it can even become "official" behavior since KVM x86 doesn't
> otherwise exit with mmio.len==0.
> 
> Compile tested only...

So basically you are just making KVM catch the failed
kvm_vcpu_read_guest_page() by retuning mmio.len = 0 to QEMU which
basically ends up in doing nothing and retry again executing the
instruction?

I wonder if there are some performance implications in this, but it's
definitely simpler than what I did.

Tested on the same failing machine used for the BZ, fixes the bug.

Do you want me to re-send the patch on your behalf (and add probably a
small documentation on Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst)?

Emanuele
> 
> ---
> From: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>
> Date: Tue, 27 Sep 2022 08:16:03 -0700
> Subject: [PATCH] KVM: x86: Exit to userspace with zero-length MMIO "read" on
>  MMIO fetch
> 
> Exit to userspace with KVM_EXIT_MMIO if emulation fails due to not being
> able to fetch instruction bytes, e.g. if the resolved GPA isn't backed by
> a memslot.  If userspace is manipulating memslots without pausing vCPUs,
> e.g. to emulate BIOS relocation, then a vCPU may fetch while there is no
> valid memslot installed.  Depending on guest context, KVM will either
> exit to userspace with KVM_EXIT_INTERNAL_ERROR (L1, CPL=0) or simply
> resume the guest (L2 or CPL>0), neither of which is desirable as exiting
> with "emulation error" effectively kills the VM, and resuming the guest
> doesn't provide userspace an opportunity to react the to fetch.
> 
> Use "mmio.len == 0" to indicate "fetch".  This is a bit of a hack, but
> there is no other way to communicate "fetch" to userspace without
> defining an entirely new exit reason, e.g. "mmio.is_write" is a boolean
> and not a flag, and there is no known use case for actually supporting
> code fetches from MMIO, i.e. there's no need to allow userspace to fill
> in the instruction bytes.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>
> ---
>  arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c     | 2 ++
>  arch/x86/kvm/kvm_emulate.h | 1 +
>  arch/x86/kvm/x86.c         | 9 ++++++++-
>  3 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c b/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c
> index f092c54d1a2f..e141238d93b0 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/emulate.c
> @@ -5353,6 +5353,8 @@ int x86_decode_insn(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, void *insn, int insn_len, int
>  done:
>  	if (rc == X86EMUL_PROPAGATE_FAULT)
>  		ctxt->have_exception = true;
> +	if (rc == X86EMUL_IO_NEEDED)
> +		return EMULATION_IO_FETCH;
>  	return (rc != X86EMUL_CONTINUE) ? EMULATION_FAILED : EMULATION_OK;
>  }
>  
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/kvm_emulate.h b/arch/x86/kvm/kvm_emulate.h
> index 89246446d6aa..3cb2e321fcd2 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/kvm_emulate.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/kvm_emulate.h
> @@ -516,6 +516,7 @@ bool x86_page_table_writing_insn(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
>  #define EMULATION_OK 0
>  #define EMULATION_RESTART 1
>  #define EMULATION_INTERCEPTED 2
> +#define EMULATION_IO_FETCH 3
>  void init_decode_cache(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
>  int x86_emulate_insn(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt);
>  int emulator_task_switch(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
> index aa5ab0c620de..7eb72694c601 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/x86.c
> @@ -7129,8 +7129,13 @@ static int kvm_fetch_guest_virt(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
>  		bytes = (unsigned)PAGE_SIZE - offset;
>  	ret = kvm_vcpu_read_guest_page(vcpu, gpa >> PAGE_SHIFT, val,
>  				       offset, bytes);
> -	if (unlikely(ret < 0))
> +	if (unlikely(ret < 0)) {
> +		vcpu->run->mmio.phys_addr = gpa;
> +		vcpu->run->mmio.len = 0;
> +		vcpu->run->mmio.is_write = 0;
> +		vcpu->run->exit_reason = KVM_EXIT_MMIO;
>  		return X86EMUL_IO_NEEDED;
> +	}
>  
>  	return X86EMUL_CONTINUE;
>  }
> @@ -8665,6 +8670,8 @@ int x86_emulate_instruction(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gpa_t cr2_or_gpa,
>  		r = x86_decode_emulated_instruction(vcpu, emulation_type,
>  						    insn, insn_len);
>  		if (r != EMULATION_OK)  {
> +			if (r == EMULATION_IO_FETCH)
> +				return 0;
>  			if ((emulation_type & EMULTYPE_TRAP_UD) ||
>  			    (emulation_type & EMULTYPE_TRAP_UD_FORCED)) {
>  				kvm_queue_exception(vcpu, UD_VECTOR);
> 
> base-commit: 39d9b48cc777bdf6d67d01ed24f1f89b13f5fbb2
> 

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