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Date: Tue, 18 Oct 2022 13:07:45 -0700
From: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@...gle.com>
To: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org>,
Daniel Borkmann <daniel@...earbox.net>,
John Fastabend <john.fastabend@...il.com>,
Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@...nel.org>,
Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@...ux.dev>,
Song Liu <song@...nel.org>, Yonghong Song <yhs@...com>,
KP Singh <kpsingh@...nel.org>, Hao Luo <haoluo@...gle.com>,
Jiri Olsa <jolsa@...nel.org>, bpf@...r.kernel.org,
linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-hardening@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH] bpf: Use kmalloc_size_roundup() to match ksize() usage
On Tue, Oct 18, 2022 at 11:19 AM Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org> wrote:
>
> On Tue, Oct 18, 2022 at 11:07:38AM -0700, sdf@...gle.com wrote:
> > On 10/18, Kees Cook wrote:
> > > Round up allocations with kmalloc_size_roundup() so that the verifier's
> > > use of ksize() is always accurate and no special handling of the memory
> > > is needed by KASAN, UBSAN_BOUNDS, nor FORTIFY_SOURCE. Pass the new size
> > > information back up to callers so they can use the space immediately,
> > > so array resizing to happen less frequently as well. Explicitly zero
> > > any trailing bytes in new allocations.
> >
> > > Additionally fix a memory allocation leak: if krealloc() fails, "arr"
> > > wasn't freed, but NULL was return to the caller of realloc_array() would
> > > be writing NULL to the lvalue, losing the reference to the original
> > > memory.
> >
> > > Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org>
> > > Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@...earbox.net>
> > > Cc: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@...il.com>
> > > Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@...nel.org>
> > > Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@...ux.dev>
> > > Cc: Song Liu <song@...nel.org>
> > > Cc: Yonghong Song <yhs@...com>
> > > Cc: KP Singh <kpsingh@...nel.org>
> > > Cc: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@...gle.com>
> > > Cc: Hao Luo <haoluo@...gle.com>
> > > Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@...nel.org>
> > > Cc: bpf@...r.kernel.org
> > > Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
> > > ---
> > > kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 49 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
> > > 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
> >
> > > diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
> > > index 014ee0953dbd..8a0b60207d0e 100644
> > > --- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
> > > +++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
> > > @@ -1000,42 +1000,53 @@ static void print_insn_state(struct
> > > bpf_verifier_env *env,
> > > */
> > > static void *copy_array(void *dst, const void *src, size_t n, size_t
> > > size, gfp_t flags)
> > > {
> > > - size_t bytes;
> > > + size_t src_bytes, dst_bytes;
> >
> > > if (ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(src))
> > > goto out;
> >
> > > - if (unlikely(check_mul_overflow(n, size, &bytes)))
> > > + if (unlikely(check_mul_overflow(n, size, &src_bytes)))
> > > return NULL;
> >
> > > - if (ksize(dst) < bytes) {
> > > + dst_bytes = kmalloc_size_roundup(src_bytes);
> > > + if (ksize(dst) < dst_bytes) {
> >
> > Why not simply do the following here?
> >
> > if (ksize(dst) < ksize(src)) {
> >
> > ?
>
> Yeah, if src always passes through rounding-up allocation path, that
> might work. I need to double-check that there isn't a case where "size"
> makes this go weird -- e.g. a rounded up "src" may be larger than
> "n * size", but I think that's okay because the memcpy/memset does the
> right thing.
>
> > It seems like we care about src_bytes/bytes only in this case, so maybe
> > move that check_mul_overflow under this branch as well?
> >
> >
> > > kfree(dst);
> > > - dst = kmalloc_track_caller(bytes, flags);
> > > + dst = kmalloc_track_caller(dst_bytes, flags);
> > > if (!dst)
> > > return NULL;
> > > }
> >
> > > - memcpy(dst, src, bytes);
> > > + memcpy(dst, src, src_bytes);
> > > + memset(dst + src_bytes, 0, dst_bytes - src_bytes);
> > > out:
> > > return dst ? dst : ZERO_SIZE_PTR;
> > > }
> >
> > > -/* resize an array from old_n items to new_n items. the array is
> > > reallocated if it's too
> > > - * small to hold new_n items. new items are zeroed out if the array
> > > grows.
> > > +/* Resize an array from old_n items to *new_n items. The array is
> > > reallocated if it's too
> > > + * small to hold *new_n items. New items are zeroed out if the array
> > > grows. Allocation
> > > + * is rounded up to next kmalloc bucket size to reduce frequency of
> > > resizing. *new_n
> > > + * contains the new total number of items that will fit.
> > > *
> > > - * Contrary to krealloc_array, does not free arr if new_n is zero.
> > > + * Contrary to krealloc, does not free arr if new_n is zero.
> > > */
> > > -static void *realloc_array(void *arr, size_t old_n, size_t new_n,
> > > size_t size)
> > > +static void *realloc_array(void *arr, size_t old_n, size_t *new_n,
> > > size_t size)
> > > {
> > > - if (!new_n || old_n == new_n)
> > > + void *old_arr = arr;
> > > + size_t alloc_size;
> > > +
> > > + if (!new_n || !*new_n || old_n == *new_n)
> > > goto out;
> >
> >
> > [..]
> >
> > > - arr = krealloc_array(arr, new_n, size, GFP_KERNEL);
> > > - if (!arr)
> > > + alloc_size = kmalloc_size_roundup(size_mul(*new_n, size));
> > > + arr = krealloc(old_arr, alloc_size, GFP_KERNEL);
> > > + if (!arr) {
> > > + kfree(old_arr);
> > > return NULL;
> > > + }
> >
> > Any reason not do hide this complexity behind krealloc_array? Why can't
> > it take care of those roundup details?
>
> It might be possible to do this with a macro, yes, but then callers
> aren't in a position to take advantage of the new size. Maybe we need
> something like:
>
> arr = krealloc_up(old_arr, alloc_size, &new_size, GFP_KERNEL);
Maybe even krealloc_array_up(arr, &new_n, size, flags) or similar
where we return a new size?
Though I don't know if there are any other places in the kernel to
reuse it and warrant a new function..
> Thanks for looking this over!
>
> --
> Kees Cook
On Tue, Oct 18, 2022 at 11:19 AM Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org> wrote:
>
> On Tue, Oct 18, 2022 at 11:07:38AM -0700, sdf@...gle.com wrote:
> > On 10/18, Kees Cook wrote:
> > > Round up allocations with kmalloc_size_roundup() so that the verifier's
> > > use of ksize() is always accurate and no special handling of the memory
> > > is needed by KASAN, UBSAN_BOUNDS, nor FORTIFY_SOURCE. Pass the new size
> > > information back up to callers so they can use the space immediately,
> > > so array resizing to happen less frequently as well. Explicitly zero
> > > any trailing bytes in new allocations.
> >
> > > Additionally fix a memory allocation leak: if krealloc() fails, "arr"
> > > wasn't freed, but NULL was return to the caller of realloc_array() would
> > > be writing NULL to the lvalue, losing the reference to the original
> > > memory.
> >
> > > Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org>
> > > Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@...earbox.net>
> > > Cc: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@...il.com>
> > > Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@...nel.org>
> > > Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@...ux.dev>
> > > Cc: Song Liu <song@...nel.org>
> > > Cc: Yonghong Song <yhs@...com>
> > > Cc: KP Singh <kpsingh@...nel.org>
> > > Cc: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@...gle.com>
> > > Cc: Hao Luo <haoluo@...gle.com>
> > > Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@...nel.org>
> > > Cc: bpf@...r.kernel.org
> > > Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
> > > ---
> > > kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 49 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
> > > 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
> >
> > > diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
> > > index 014ee0953dbd..8a0b60207d0e 100644
> > > --- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
> > > +++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
> > > @@ -1000,42 +1000,53 @@ static void print_insn_state(struct
> > > bpf_verifier_env *env,
> > > */
> > > static void *copy_array(void *dst, const void *src, size_t n, size_t
> > > size, gfp_t flags)
> > > {
> > > - size_t bytes;
> > > + size_t src_bytes, dst_bytes;
> >
> > > if (ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(src))
> > > goto out;
> >
> > > - if (unlikely(check_mul_overflow(n, size, &bytes)))
> > > + if (unlikely(check_mul_overflow(n, size, &src_bytes)))
> > > return NULL;
> >
> > > - if (ksize(dst) < bytes) {
> > > + dst_bytes = kmalloc_size_roundup(src_bytes);
> > > + if (ksize(dst) < dst_bytes) {
> >
> > Why not simply do the following here?
> >
> > if (ksize(dst) < ksize(src)) {
> >
> > ?
>
> Yeah, if src always passes through rounding-up allocation path, that
> might work. I need to double-check that there isn't a case where "size"
> makes this go weird -- e.g. a rounded up "src" may be larger than
> "n * size", but I think that's okay because the memcpy/memset does the
> right thing.
>
> > It seems like we care about src_bytes/bytes only in this case, so maybe
> > move that check_mul_overflow under this branch as well?
> >
> >
> > > kfree(dst);
> > > - dst = kmalloc_track_caller(bytes, flags);
> > > + dst = kmalloc_track_caller(dst_bytes, flags);
> > > if (!dst)
> > > return NULL;
> > > }
> >
> > > - memcpy(dst, src, bytes);
> > > + memcpy(dst, src, src_bytes);
> > > + memset(dst + src_bytes, 0, dst_bytes - src_bytes);
> > > out:
> > > return dst ? dst : ZERO_SIZE_PTR;
> > > }
> >
> > > -/* resize an array from old_n items to new_n items. the array is
> > > reallocated if it's too
> > > - * small to hold new_n items. new items are zeroed out if the array
> > > grows.
> > > +/* Resize an array from old_n items to *new_n items. The array is
> > > reallocated if it's too
> > > + * small to hold *new_n items. New items are zeroed out if the array
> > > grows. Allocation
> > > + * is rounded up to next kmalloc bucket size to reduce frequency of
> > > resizing. *new_n
> > > + * contains the new total number of items that will fit.
> > > *
> > > - * Contrary to krealloc_array, does not free arr if new_n is zero.
> > > + * Contrary to krealloc, does not free arr if new_n is zero.
> > > */
> > > -static void *realloc_array(void *arr, size_t old_n, size_t new_n,
> > > size_t size)
> > > +static void *realloc_array(void *arr, size_t old_n, size_t *new_n,
> > > size_t size)
> > > {
> > > - if (!new_n || old_n == new_n)
> > > + void *old_arr = arr;
> > > + size_t alloc_size;
> > > +
> > > + if (!new_n || !*new_n || old_n == *new_n)
> > > goto out;
> >
> >
> > [..]
> >
> > > - arr = krealloc_array(arr, new_n, size, GFP_KERNEL);
> > > - if (!arr)
> > > + alloc_size = kmalloc_size_roundup(size_mul(*new_n, size));
> > > + arr = krealloc(old_arr, alloc_size, GFP_KERNEL);
> > > + if (!arr) {
> > > + kfree(old_arr);
> > > return NULL;
> > > + }
> >
> > Any reason not do hide this complexity behind krealloc_array? Why can't
> > it take care of those roundup details?
>
> It might be possible to do this with a macro, yes, but then callers
> aren't in a position to take advantage of the new size. Maybe we need
> something like:
>
> arr = krealloc_up(old_arr, alloc_size, &new_size, GFP_KERNEL);
>
> Thanks for looking this over!
>
> --
> Kees Cook
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