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Message-ID: <20221115195253.182484-1-kch@nvidia.com>
Date: Tue, 15 Nov 2022 11:52:46 -0800
From: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@...dia.com>
To: <linux-block@...r.kernel.org>, <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
CC: <axboe@...nel.dk>, <kch@...dia.com>,
<damien.lemoal@...nsource.wdc.com>, <johannes.thumshirn@....com>,
<bvanassche@....org>, <ming.lei@...hat.com>,
<shinichiro.kawasaki@....com>, <vincent.fu@...sung.com>,
<yukuai3@...wei.com>
Subject: [PATCH V3 0/7] null_blk: allow REQ_OP_WRITE_ZEROES and cleanup
Hi,
In order to test the non-trivial I/O path in the block layer for
REQ_OP_WRITE_ZEROES allow write-zeroes on null_blk so we can write
testcases with and without non-memory backed mode followed by
few cleanup patches.
Below is the test report with ext2/ext4 mkfs and a blktest
waiting to get upstream for this patch-series.
-ck
v2->v3:-
1. Fix the commit log in patch 3. (Bart)
2. Fix the commit log in patch 4. (Bart)
v1->v2:-
* Merge patch 1 and 2 (Damien).
* Change SECT_INX_IN_PAGE->SECT_OFFSET_IN_PAGE. (Damien)
* Add reviewed-by tags. (Damien)
* Add discard/write-zeroes module param to set the respective
max sector length.
Chaitanya Kulkarni (7):
null_blk: allow REQ_OP_WRITE_ZEROES
null_blk: code cleaup
null_blk: initialize cmd->bio in __alloc_cmd()
null_blk: don't use magic numbers in the code
null_blk: remove extra space in switch condition
null_blk: add param to set max disacrd sectors
null_blk: add param to set max write-zeroes sects
drivers/block/null_blk/main.c | 149 ++++++++++++++++++++++--------
drivers/block/null_blk/null_blk.h | 3 +
2 files changed, 116 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)
linux-block (for-next) # gitlog -8
5868a750b828 (HEAD -> for-next) null_blk: add param to set max write-zeroes sects
1dad765791bf null_blk: add param to set max disacrd sectors
28ff18cb23a0 null_blk: remove extra space in switch condition
574bbf59c69f null_blk: don't use magic numbers in the code
77fb0410ab98 null_blk: initialize cmd->bio in __alloc_cmd()
2f9c00f2e37c null_blk: code cleaup
da21346d4ec1 null_blk: allow REQ_OP_WRITE_ZEROES
c223decdb316 Merge branch 'for-next' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block into for-next
linux-block (for-next) # ./compile_nullb.sh
+ umount /mnt/nullb0
umount: /mnt/nullb0: not mounted.
+ rmdir 'config/nullb/nullb*'
rmdir: failed to remove 'config/nullb/nullb*': No such file or directory
+ dmesg -c
+ modprobe -r null_blk
+ lsmod
+ grep null_blk
++ nproc
+ make -j 48 M=drivers/block modules
CC [M] drivers/block/null_blk/main.o
CC [M] drivers/block/null_blk/trace.o
CC [M] drivers/block/null_blk/zoned.o
LD [M] drivers/block/null_blk/null_blk.o
MODPOST drivers/block/Module.symvers
LD [M] drivers/block/null_blk/null_blk.ko
+ HOST=drivers/block/null_blk/
++ uname -r
+ HOST_DEST=/lib/modules/6.1.0-rc3blk+/kernel/drivers/block/null_blk/
+ cp drivers/block/null_blk//null_blk.ko /lib/modules/6.1.0-rc3blk+/kernel/drivers/block/null_blk//
+ ls -lrth /lib/modules/6.1.0-rc3blk+/kernel/drivers/block/null_blk//null_blk.ko
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1.2M Nov 15 11:32 /lib/modules/6.1.0-rc3blk+/kernel/drivers/block/null_blk//null_blk.ko
+ sleep 1
+ dmesg -c
linux-block (for-next) # cd ../blktests/
blktests (master) # ./check block/
block/001 (stress device hotplugging) [passed]
runtime 49.525s ... 52.179s
block/002 (remove a device while running blktrace) [passed]
runtime 1.259s ... 1.236s
block/006 (run null-blk in blocking mode) [passed]
read iops 8698266 ... 8846254
runtime 9.888s ... 9.754s
block/007 => nullb1 (test classic and hybrid IO polling) [passed]
auto hybrid poll read iops 621194 ... 619725
auto hybrid poll read lat mean 1.359473 ... 1.366760
auto hybrid poll system cpu 73.634204% ... 74.170616%
classic poll read iops 598502 ... 595781
classic poll read lat mean 1.418514 ... 1.409480
classic poll system cpu 73.455378% ... 68.109339%
fixed hybrid poll read iops 618264 ... 611058
fixed hybrid poll read lat mean 1.363924 ... 1.388329
fixed hybrid poll system cpu 72.813239% ... 75.000000%
no poll read iops 606814 ... 650481
no poll read lat mean 1.395035 ... 1.301867
no poll system cpu 72.389791% ... 76.616915%
runtime 2.532s ... 2.507s
block/009 (check page-cache coherency after BLKDISCARD) [passed]
runtime 0.570s ... 0.580s
block/010 (run I/O on null_blk with shared and non-shared tags) [passed]
Individual tags read iops 7780737 ... 7903528
runtime 21.407s ... 20.915s
Shared tags read iops 7602680 ... 7854501
block/014 (run null-blk with blk-mq and timeout injection configured) [passed]
runtime 54.296s ... 49.470s
block/015 (run null-blk on different schedulers with requeue injection configured) [passed]
runtime 44.127s ... 45.185s
block/016 (send a signal to a process waiting on a frozen queue) [passed]
runtime 7.080s ... 7.081s
block/017 (do I/O and check the inflight counter) [passed]
runtime 1.681s ... 1.690s
block/018 (do I/O and check iostats times) [passed]
runtime 5.112s ... 5.122s
block/020 (run null-blk on different schedulers with only one hardware tag) [passed]
runtime 41.557s ... 41.539s
block/021 (read/write nr_requests on null-blk with different schedulers) [passed]
runtime 5.846s ... 5.477s
block/022 (Test hang caused by freeze/unfreeze sequence) [passed]
runtime 30.121s ... 30.181s
block/023 (do I/O on all null_blk queue modes) [passed]
runtime 0.266s ... 0.252s
block/024 (do I/O faster than a jiffy and check iostats times) [passed]
runtime 2.642s ... 2.655s
block/025 (do a huge discard with 4k sector size) [passed]
runtime 3.934s ... 3.938s
block/027 (stress device hotplugging with running fio jobs and different schedulers) [passed]
runtime 18.416s ... 18.700s
block/028 (do I/O on scsi_debug with DIF/DIX enabled) [passed]
runtime 13.616s ... 13.438s
block/029 (trigger blk_mq_update_nr_hw_queues()) [failed]
runtime 30.284s ... 30.287s
--- tests/block/029.out 2022-07-18 16:14:37.196230036 -0700
+++ /root/blktests/results/nodev/block/029.out.bad 2022-11-15 11:38:15.571089141 -0800
@@ -1 +1,127 @@
+tests/block/029: line 24: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
+tests/block/029: line 24: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
+tests/block/029: line 24: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
+tests/block/029: line 24: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
+tests/block/029: line 24: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
+tests/block/029: line 24: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
+tests/block/029: line 24: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
...
(Run 'diff -u tests/block/029.out /root/blktests/results/nodev/block/029.out.bad' to see the entire diff)
block/030 (trigger the blk_mq_realloc_hw_ctxs() error path) [failed]
runtime 2.192s ... 3.057s
--- tests/block/030.out 2022-07-18 16:14:37.196230036 -0700
+++ /root/blktests/results/nodev/block/030.out.bad 2022-11-15 11:38:18.687161284 -0800
@@ -1 +1,101 @@
+tests/block/030: line 44: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
+tests/block/030: line 44: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
+tests/block/030: line 44: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
+tests/block/030: line 44: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
+tests/block/030: line 44: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
+tests/block/030: line 44: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
+tests/block/030: line 44: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
...
(Run 'diff -u tests/block/030.out /root/blktests/results/nodev/block/030.out.bad' to see the entire diff)
block/031 (do IO on null-blk with a host tag set) [passed]
runtime 30.334s ... 30.334s
blktests (master) # ls
check CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSES Makefile nvme1n1 results tests
common Documentation local-block-031-0-verify.state new README.md src
blktests (master) #
blktests (master) #
blktests (master) # cd -
/root/linux-block
linux-block (for-next) # lsmod | grep null
linux-block (for-next) # ./zeroout.sh 1
#################### BLKISZ 512 #####################
config/nullb/nullb0
├── badblocks
├── blocking
├── blocksize
├── cache_size
├── completion_nsec
├── discard
├── home_node
├── hw_queue_depth
├── index
├── irqmode
├── max_discard_sectors
├── max_sectors
├── max_write_zeroes_sectors
├── mbps
├── memory_backed
├── no_sched
├── poll_queues
├── power
├── queue_mode
├── shared_tag_bitmap
├── size
├── submit_queues
├── use_per_node_hctx
├── virt_boundary
├── write_zeroes
├── zone_capacity
├── zoned
├── zone_max_active
├── zone_max_open
├── zone_nr_conv
└── zone_size
0 directories, 31 files
ODD:-
19+1 records in
19+1 records out
10002 bytes (10 kB, 9.8 KiB) copied, 0.001324 s, 7.6 MB/s
0000000 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0000016
0000512 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0000528
0001024 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0001040
0001536 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0001552
0002048 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0002064
0002560 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0002576
0003072 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0003088
0003584 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0003600
0004096 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0004112
0004608 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0004624
------------------------------------------------------
0000000 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0000016
0000512 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0000528
0001024 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0001040
0001536 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0001552
0002048 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0002064
0002560 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0002576
0003072 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0003088
0003584 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0003600
0004096 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0004112
0004608 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0004624
------------------------------------------------------
EVEN:-
19+1 records in
19+1 records out
10002 bytes (10 kB, 9.8 KiB) copied, 0.000401131 s, 24.9 MB/s
0000000 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0000016
0000512 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0000528
0001024 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0001040
0001536 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0001552
0002048 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0002064
0002560 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0002576
0003072 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0003088
0003584 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0003600
0004096 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0004112
0004608 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0004624
------------------------------------------------------
0000000 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0000016
0000512 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0000528
0001024 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0001040
0001536 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0001552
0002048 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0002064
0002560 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0002576
0003072 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0003088
0003584 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0003600
0004096 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0004112
0004608 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0004624
------------------------------------------------------
MKFS:-
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 1310720 4k blocks and 327680 inodes
Filesystem UUID: fb802f1b-5d92-487b-9ebd-e936a5952f44
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
/dev/nullb0 on /mnt/nullb0 type ext2 (rw,relatime,seclabel)
[66860.364528] null_blk: disk nullb0 created
[66861.496865] EXT4-fs (nullb0): mounting ext2 file system using the ext4 subsystem
[66861.497385] EXT4-fs (nullb0): mounted filesystem without journal. Quota mode: none.
write-and-verify: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.27
Starting 1 process
write-and-verify: Laying out IO file (1 file / 4000MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [V(1)][80.0%][r=1083MiB/s][r=277k IOPS][eta 00m:04s]
write-and-verify: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=181274: Tue Nov 15 11:40:08 2022
read: IOPS=272k, BW=1064MiB/s (1115MB/s)(2529MiB/2378msec)
slat (nsec): min=2154, max=158802, avg=2591.49, stdev=736.38
clat (nsec): min=1313, max=238742, avg=55360.06, stdev=6883.70
lat (usec): min=3, max=241, avg=58.00, stdev= 7.17
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 52], 5.00th=[ 53], 10.00th=[ 53], 20.00th=[ 53],
| 30.00th=[ 54], 40.00th=[ 54], 50.00th=[ 55], 60.00th=[ 55],
| 70.00th=[ 55], 80.00th=[ 56], 90.00th=[ 59], 95.00th=[ 62],
| 99.00th=[ 104], 99.50th=[ 105], 99.90th=[ 118], 99.95th=[ 120],
| 99.99th=[ 188]
write: IOPS=74.8k, BW=292MiB/s (306MB/s)(4000MiB/13688msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=3, max=538, avg=12.66, stdev= 9.63
clat (nsec): min=801, max=1015.1k, avg=200837.48, stdev=44069.44
lat (usec): min=7, max=1077, avg=213.56, stdev=45.83
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 137], 5.00th=[ 153], 10.00th=[ 161], 20.00th=[ 174],
| 30.00th=[ 182], 40.00th=[ 190], 50.00th=[ 196], 60.00th=[ 204],
| 70.00th=[ 210], 80.00th=[ 217], 90.00th=[ 227], 95.00th=[ 285],
| 99.00th=[ 371], 99.50th=[ 388], 99.90th=[ 553], 99.95th=[ 619],
| 99.99th=[ 709]
bw ( KiB/s): min=123440, max=351160, per=97.76%, avg=292548.86, stdev=41626.13, samples=28
iops : min=30860, max=87790, avg=73137.21, stdev=10406.53, samples=28
lat (nsec) : 1000=0.01%
lat (usec) : 2=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.01%, 100=38.28%
lat (usec) : 250=58.26%, 500=3.35%, 750=0.10%, 1000=0.01%
lat (msec) : 2=0.01%
cpu : usr=23.45%, sys=74.46%, ctx=3377, majf=0, minf=15192
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=100.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=647428,1024000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=1064MiB/s (1115MB/s), 1064MiB/s-1064MiB/s (1115MB/s-1115MB/s), io=2529MiB (2652MB), run=2378-2378msec
WRITE: bw=292MiB/s (306MB/s), 292MiB/s-292MiB/s (306MB/s-306MB/s), io=4000MiB (4194MB), run=13688-13688msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nullb0: ios=598210/1024000, merge=0/0, ticks=674/1775, in_queue=2448, util=99.41%
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
/dev/nullb0 contains a ext2 file system
last mounted on /mnt/nullb0 on Tue Nov 15 11:39:52 2022
Creating filesystem with 1310720 4k blocks and 327680 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 14eefd9e-aef7-4500-b5ef-f3fea6f1e126
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
/dev/nullb0 on /mnt/nullb0 type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel)
[66877.927718] EXT4-fs (nullb0): unmounting filesystem.
[66877.956419] EXT4-fs (nullb0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
write-and-verify: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.27
Starting 1 process
write-and-verify: Laying out IO file (1 file / 4000MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [V(1)][70.6%][r=1075MiB/s][r=275k IOPS][eta 00m:05s]
write-and-verify: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=181294: Tue Nov 15 11:40:21 2022
read: IOPS=275k, BW=1075MiB/s (1127MB/s)(2528MiB/2352msec)
slat (nsec): min=2154, max=55936, avg=2582.05, stdev=492.16
clat (nsec): min=1112, max=117372, avg=54781.62, stdev=2453.47
lat (usec): min=3, max=119, avg=57.41, stdev= 2.52
clat percentiles (nsec):
| 1.00th=[51968], 5.00th=[52480], 10.00th=[52992], 20.00th=[53504],
| 30.00th=[53504], 40.00th=[54016], 50.00th=[54016], 60.00th=[54528],
| 70.00th=[55040], 80.00th=[55552], 90.00th=[57600], 95.00th=[60672],
| 99.00th=[63232], 99.50th=[64768], 99.90th=[69120], 99.95th=[71168],
| 99.99th=[86528]
write: IOPS=98.2k, BW=384MiB/s (402MB/s)(4000MiB/10423msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=3, max=4111, avg= 9.54, stdev= 9.29
clat (nsec): min=892, max=4287.6k, avg=152969.66, stdev=37959.01
lat (usec): min=8, max=4294, avg=162.57, stdev=39.33
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 119], 5.00th=[ 128], 10.00th=[ 133], 20.00th=[ 139],
| 30.00th=[ 145], 40.00th=[ 149], 50.00th=[ 153], 60.00th=[ 157],
| 70.00th=[ 161], 80.00th=[ 165], 90.00th=[ 172], 95.00th=[ 180],
| 99.00th=[ 204], 99.50th=[ 219], 99.90th=[ 281], 99.95th=[ 437],
| 99.99th=[ 603]
bw ( KiB/s): min=350488, max=433056, per=99.27%, avg=390095.24, stdev=25613.79, samples=21
iops : min=87622, max=108264, avg=97523.81, stdev=6403.43, samples=21
lat (nsec) : 1000=0.01%
lat (usec) : 2=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.01%, 100=38.73%
lat (usec) : 250=61.09%, 500=0.15%, 750=0.02%
lat (msec) : 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%
cpu : usr=27.73%, sys=72.09%, ctx=37, majf=0, minf=15189
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=100.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=647282,1024000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=1075MiB/s (1127MB/s), 1075MiB/s-1075MiB/s (1127MB/s-1127MB/s), io=2528MiB (2651MB), run=2352-2352msec
WRITE: bw=384MiB/s (402MB/s), 384MiB/s-384MiB/s (402MB/s-402MB/s), io=4000MiB (4194MB), run=10423-10423msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nullb0: ios=611304/1024241, merge=0/5921, ticks=676/1838, in_queue=2514, util=99.29%
#################### BLKISZ 1024 #####################
config/nullb/nullb0
├── badblocks
├── blocking
├── blocksize
├── cache_size
├── completion_nsec
├── discard
├── home_node
├── hw_queue_depth
├── index
├── irqmode
├── max_discard_sectors
├── max_sectors
├── max_write_zeroes_sectors
├── mbps
├── memory_backed
├── no_sched
├── poll_queues
├── power
├── queue_mode
├── shared_tag_bitmap
├── size
├── submit_queues
├── use_per_node_hctx
├── virt_boundary
├── write_zeroes
├── zone_capacity
├── zoned
├── zone_max_active
├── zone_max_open
├── zone_nr_conv
└── zone_size
0 directories, 31 files
ODD:-
9+1 records in
9+1 records out
10002 bytes (10 kB, 9.8 KiB) copied, 0.000408326 s, 24.5 MB/s
0000000 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0000016
0001024 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0001040
0002048 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0002064
0003072 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0003088
0004096 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0004112
0005120 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0005136
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0006160
0007168 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0007184
0008192 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0008208
0009216 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0009232
------------------------------------------------------
0000000 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0000016
0001024 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0001040
0002048 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0002064
0003072 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0003088
0004096 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0004112
0005120 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0005136
0006144 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0006160
0007168 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0007184
0008192 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0008208
0009216 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0009232
------------------------------------------------------
EVEN:-
9+1 records in
9+1 records out
10002 bytes (10 kB, 9.8 KiB) copied, 0.000351117 s, 28.5 MB/s
0000000 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0000016
0001024 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0001040
0002048 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0002064
0003072 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0003088
0004096 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0004112
0005120 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0005136
0006144 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0006160
0007168 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0007184
0008192 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0008208
0009216 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0009232
------------------------------------------------------
0000000 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0000016
0001024 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0001040
0002048 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0002064
0003072 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0003088
0004096 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0004112
0005120 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0005136
0006144 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0006160
0007168 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0007184
0008192 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0008208
0009216 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0009232
------------------------------------------------------
MKFS:-
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 1310720 4k blocks and 327680 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 535605e4-52bf-41d8-9695-198f156dd440
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
/dev/nullb0 on /mnt/nullb0 type ext2 (rw,relatime,seclabel)
[66891.591141] null_blk: disk nullb0 created
[66892.708280] EXT4-fs (nullb0): mounting ext2 file system using the ext4 subsystem
[66892.708830] EXT4-fs (nullb0): mounted filesystem without journal. Quota mode: none.
write-and-verify: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.27
Starting 1 process
write-and-verify: Laying out IO file (1 file / 4000MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [V(1)][75.0%][r=1135MiB/s][r=291k IOPS][eta 00m:05s]
write-and-verify: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=181405: Tue Nov 15 11:40:39 2022
read: IOPS=289k, BW=1130MiB/s (1185MB/s)(2530MiB/2238msec)
slat (nsec): min=2004, max=87557, avg=2412.56, stdev=493.35
clat (nsec): min=1383, max=261085, avg=52107.29, stdev=2767.75
lat (usec): min=3, max=266, avg=54.57, stdev= 2.85
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 50], 5.00th=[ 50], 10.00th=[ 51], 20.00th=[ 51],
| 30.00th=[ 51], 40.00th=[ 51], 50.00th=[ 52], 60.00th=[ 52],
| 70.00th=[ 52], 80.00th=[ 53], 90.00th=[ 56], 95.00th=[ 59],
| 99.00th=[ 62], 99.50th=[ 65], 99.90th=[ 70], 99.95th=[ 76],
| 99.99th=[ 110]
write: IOPS=77.1k, BW=301MiB/s (316MB/s)(4000MiB/13285msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=3, max=439, avg=12.25, stdev= 9.62
clat (nsec): min=691, max=966015, avg=194939.47, stdev=42572.14
lat (usec): min=7, max=1328, avg=207.26, stdev=44.18
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 135], 5.00th=[ 151], 10.00th=[ 159], 20.00th=[ 169],
| 30.00th=[ 178], 40.00th=[ 184], 50.00th=[ 190], 60.00th=[ 196],
| 70.00th=[ 202], 80.00th=[ 208], 90.00th=[ 219], 95.00th=[ 285],
| 99.00th=[ 363], 99.50th=[ 375], 99.90th=[ 545], 99.95th=[ 594],
| 99.99th=[ 693]
bw ( KiB/s): min=188448, max=339888, per=98.41%, avg=303407.41, stdev=31231.18, samples=27
iops : min=47112, max=84972, avg=75851.85, stdev=7807.79, samples=27
lat (nsec) : 750=0.01%
lat (usec) : 2=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=1.12%, 100=37.62%
lat (usec) : 250=58.02%, 500=3.14%, 750=0.10%, 1000=0.01%
cpu : usr=23.84%, sys=73.97%, ctx=3272, majf=0, minf=15197
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=100.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=647639,1024000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=1130MiB/s (1185MB/s), 1130MiB/s-1130MiB/s (1185MB/s-1185MB/s), io=2530MiB (2653MB), run=2238-2238msec
WRITE: bw=301MiB/s (316MB/s), 301MiB/s-301MiB/s (316MB/s-316MB/s), io=4000MiB (4194MB), run=13285-13285msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nullb0: ios=607879/1024000, merge=0/0, ticks=609/1640, in_queue=2250, util=99.37%
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
/dev/nullb0 contains a ext2 file system
last mounted on /mnt/nullb0 on Tue Nov 15 11:40:23 2022
Creating filesystem with 1310720 4k blocks and 327680 inodes
Filesystem UUID: c1a58ae3-4c3c-4707-9413-249ec935e0a0
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
/dev/nullb0 on /mnt/nullb0 type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel)
[66908.577976] EXT4-fs (nullb0): unmounting filesystem.
[66908.604562] EXT4-fs (nullb0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
write-and-verify: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.27
Starting 1 process
write-and-verify: Laying out IO file (1 file / 4000MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=0): [f(1)][100.0%][r=1071MiB/s][r=274k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
write-and-verify: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=181431: Tue Nov 15 11:40:52 2022
read: IOPS=283k, BW=1104MiB/s (1158MB/s)(2526MiB/2288msec)
slat (nsec): min=2064, max=55737, avg=2477.85, stdev=522.77
clat (nsec): min=1113, max=115029, avg=53321.61, stdev=2517.96
lat (usec): min=3, max=117, avg=55.84, stdev= 2.58
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 51], 5.00th=[ 52], 10.00th=[ 52], 20.00th=[ 52],
| 30.00th=[ 52], 40.00th=[ 53], 50.00th=[ 53], 60.00th=[ 53],
| 70.00th=[ 53], 80.00th=[ 54], 90.00th=[ 58], 95.00th=[ 60],
| 99.00th=[ 62], 99.50th=[ 63], 99.90th=[ 71], 99.95th=[ 75],
| 99.99th=[ 101]
write: IOPS=96.9k, BW=378MiB/s (397MB/s)(4000MiB/10570msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=3, max=4143, avg= 9.69, stdev= 9.14
clat (nsec): min=902, max=8152.9k, avg=155134.15, stdev=42347.61
lat (usec): min=6, max=8165, avg=164.88, stdev=43.97
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 119], 5.00th=[ 128], 10.00th=[ 135], 20.00th=[ 141],
| 30.00th=[ 145], 40.00th=[ 151], 50.00th=[ 155], 60.00th=[ 157],
| 70.00th=[ 163], 80.00th=[ 167], 90.00th=[ 176], 95.00th=[ 184],
| 99.00th=[ 215], 99.50th=[ 243], 99.90th=[ 330], 99.95th=[ 408],
| 99.99th=[ 482]
bw ( KiB/s): min=51824, max=440064, per=96.09%, avg=372363.64, stdev=75777.57, samples=22
iops : min=12954, max=110018, avg=93090.91, stdev=18944.88, samples=22
lat (nsec) : 1000=0.01%
lat (usec) : 2=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.01%, 100=38.70%
lat (usec) : 250=61.04%, 500=0.25%, 750=0.01%
lat (msec) : 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%
cpu : usr=27.04%, sys=72.74%, ctx=327, majf=0, minf=15177
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=100.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=646761,1024000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=1104MiB/s (1158MB/s), 1104MiB/s-1104MiB/s (1158MB/s-1158MB/s), io=2526MiB (2649MB), run=2288-2288msec
WRITE: bw=378MiB/s (397MB/s), 378MiB/s-378MiB/s (397MB/s-397MB/s), io=4000MiB (4194MB), run=10570-10570msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nullb0: ios=585939/1024234, merge=0/5702, ticks=587/1738, in_queue=2325, util=99.31%
#################### BLKISZ 2048 #####################
config/nullb/nullb0
├── badblocks
├── blocking
├── blocksize
├── cache_size
├── completion_nsec
├── discard
├── home_node
├── hw_queue_depth
├── index
├── irqmode
├── max_discard_sectors
├── max_sectors
├── max_write_zeroes_sectors
├── mbps
├── memory_backed
├── no_sched
├── poll_queues
├── power
├── queue_mode
├── shared_tag_bitmap
├── size
├── submit_queues
├── use_per_node_hctx
├── virt_boundary
├── write_zeroes
├── zone_capacity
├── zoned
├── zone_max_active
├── zone_max_open
├── zone_nr_conv
└── zone_size
0 directories, 31 files
ODD:-
4+1 records in
4+1 records out
10002 bytes (10 kB, 9.8 KiB) copied, 0.000362418 s, 27.6 MB/s
0000000 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0000016
0002048 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0002064
0004096 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0004112
0006144 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0006160
0008192 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0008208
0010240 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0010256
0012288 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0012304
0014336 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0014352
0016384 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0016400
0018432 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0018448
------------------------------------------------------
0000000 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0000016
0002048 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0002064
0004096 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0004112
0006144 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0006160
0008192 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0008208
0010240 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0010256
0012288 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0012304
0014336 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0014352
0016384 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0016400
0018432 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0018448
------------------------------------------------------
EVEN:-
4+1 records in
4+1 records out
10002 bytes (10 kB, 9.8 KiB) copied, 0.000310148 s, 32.2 MB/s
0000000 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0000016
0002048 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0002064
0004096 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0004112
0006144 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0006160
0008192 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0008208
0010240 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0010256
0012288 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0012304
0014336 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0014352
0016384 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0016400
0018432 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0018448
------------------------------------------------------
0000000 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0000016
0002048 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0002064
0004096 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0004112
0006144 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0006160
0008192 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0008208
0010240 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0010256
0012288 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0012304
0014336 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0014352
0016384 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0016400
0018432 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0018448
------------------------------------------------------
MKFS:-
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 1310720 4k blocks and 327680 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 52d082f5-badf-4ed4-8a01-32e24ae621b1
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
/dev/nullb0 on /mnt/nullb0 type ext2 (rw,relatime,seclabel)
[66922.293478] null_blk: disk nullb0 created
[66923.411765] EXT4-fs (nullb0): mounting ext2 file system using the ext4 subsystem
[66923.412345] EXT4-fs (nullb0): mounted filesystem without journal. Quota mode: none.
write-and-verify: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.27
Starting 1 process
write-and-verify: Laying out IO file (1 file / 4000MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [V(1)][71.4%][r=1143MiB/s][r=293k IOPS][eta 00m:06s]
write-and-verify: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=181524: Tue Nov 15 11:41:10 2022
read: IOPS=294k, BW=1150MiB/s (1206MB/s)(2531MiB/2200msec)
slat (nsec): min=1914, max=94730, avg=2331.47, stdev=563.62
clat (nsec): min=1102, max=167378, avg=51209.99, stdev=3492.57
lat (usec): min=3, max=172, avg=53.59, stdev= 3.61
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 49], 5.00th=[ 49], 10.00th=[ 50], 20.00th=[ 50],
| 30.00th=[ 50], 40.00th=[ 50], 50.00th=[ 51], 60.00th=[ 51],
| 70.00th=[ 51], 80.00th=[ 52], 90.00th=[ 56], 95.00th=[ 58],
| 99.00th=[ 65], 99.50th=[ 72], 99.90th=[ 88], 99.95th=[ 95],
| 99.99th=[ 108]
write: IOPS=75.3k, BW=294MiB/s (309MB/s)(4000MiB/13590msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=3, max=524, avg=12.54, stdev= 9.34
clat (nsec): min=821, max=1017.9k, avg=199408.01, stdev=44731.27
lat (usec): min=6, max=1250, avg=212.02, stdev=46.63
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 135], 5.00th=[ 149], 10.00th=[ 159], 20.00th=[ 172],
| 30.00th=[ 180], 40.00th=[ 188], 50.00th=[ 196], 60.00th=[ 202],
| 70.00th=[ 208], 80.00th=[ 217], 90.00th=[ 231], 95.00th=[ 281],
| 99.00th=[ 375], 99.50th=[ 408], 99.90th=[ 553], 99.95th=[ 619],
| 99.99th=[ 725]
bw ( KiB/s): min=58240, max=361120, per=97.07%, avg=292571.14, stdev=54664.73, samples=28
iops : min=14560, max=90280, avg=73142.86, stdev=13666.23, samples=28
lat (nsec) : 1000=0.01%
lat (usec) : 2=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=14.75%, 100=24.00%
lat (usec) : 250=57.42%, 500=3.73%, 750=0.11%, 1000=0.01%
lat (msec) : 2=0.01%
cpu : usr=23.75%, sys=74.27%, ctx=3340, majf=0, minf=15201
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=100.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=647840,1024000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=1150MiB/s (1206MB/s), 1150MiB/s-1150MiB/s (1206MB/s-1206MB/s), io=2531MiB (2654MB), run=2200-2200msec
WRITE: bw=294MiB/s (309MB/s), 294MiB/s-294MiB/s (309MB/s-309MB/s), io=4000MiB (4194MB), run=13590-13590msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nullb0: ios=601631/1024000, merge=0/0, ticks=544/1629, in_queue=2173, util=99.38%
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
/dev/nullb0 contains a ext2 file system
last mounted on /mnt/nullb0 on Tue Nov 15 11:40:53 2022
Creating filesystem with 1310720 4k blocks and 327680 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 2bea2344-e903-42fb-bea3-5812319229ac
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
/dev/nullb0 on /mnt/nullb0 type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel)
[66939.549992] EXT4-fs (nullb0): unmounting filesystem.
[66939.572566] EXT4-fs (nullb0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
write-and-verify: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.27
Starting 1 process
write-and-verify: Laying out IO file (1 file / 4000MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [V(1)][75.0%][r=1138MiB/s][r=291k IOPS][eta 00m:04s]
write-and-verify: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=181545: Tue Nov 15 11:41:22 2022
read: IOPS=291k, BW=1137MiB/s (1192MB/s)(2528MiB/2223msec)
slat (nsec): min=1924, max=102094, avg=2374.71, stdev=533.20
clat (nsec): min=1503, max=433523, avg=51807.71, stdev=3883.92
lat (usec): min=3, max=435, avg=54.23, stdev= 3.99
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 50], 5.00th=[ 50], 10.00th=[ 50], 20.00th=[ 51],
| 30.00th=[ 51], 40.00th=[ 51], 50.00th=[ 51], 60.00th=[ 52],
| 70.00th=[ 52], 80.00th=[ 52], 90.00th=[ 55], 95.00th=[ 58],
| 99.00th=[ 62], 99.50th=[ 68], 99.90th=[ 96], 99.95th=[ 104],
| 99.99th=[ 131]
write: IOPS=99.0k, BW=387MiB/s (406MB/s)(4000MiB/10340msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=3, max=3807, avg= 9.47, stdev= 9.02
clat (nsec): min=882, max=6505.2k, avg=151752.51, stdev=38984.09
lat (usec): min=12, max=6587, avg=161.28, stdev=40.70
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 117], 5.00th=[ 126], 10.00th=[ 133], 20.00th=[ 139],
| 30.00th=[ 143], 40.00th=[ 147], 50.00th=[ 151], 60.00th=[ 155],
| 70.00th=[ 159], 80.00th=[ 163], 90.00th=[ 172], 95.00th=[ 178],
| 99.00th=[ 202], 99.50th=[ 215], 99.90th=[ 277], 99.95th=[ 334],
| 99.99th=[ 416]
bw ( KiB/s): min=295752, max=434984, per=98.48%, avg=390095.24, stdev=30689.19, samples=21
iops : min=73938, max=108746, avg=97523.81, stdev=7672.30, samples=21
lat (nsec) : 1000=0.01%
lat (usec) : 2=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=4.43%, 100=34.28%
lat (usec) : 250=61.16%, 500=0.13%
lat (msec) : 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%
cpu : usr=27.09%, sys=72.66%, ctx=449, majf=0, minf=15187
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=100.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=647098,1024000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=1137MiB/s (1192MB/s), 1137MiB/s-1137MiB/s (1192MB/s-1192MB/s), io=2528MiB (2651MB), run=2223-2223msec
WRITE: bw=387MiB/s (406MB/s), 387MiB/s-387MiB/s (406MB/s-406MB/s), io=4000MiB (4194MB), run=10340-10340msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nullb0: ios=598120/1024237, merge=0/5791, ticks=540/1647, in_queue=2186, util=99.27%
#################### BLKISZ 4096 #####################
config/nullb/nullb0
├── badblocks
├── blocking
├── blocksize
├── cache_size
├── completion_nsec
├── discard
├── home_node
├── hw_queue_depth
├── index
├── irqmode
├── max_discard_sectors
├── max_sectors
├── max_write_zeroes_sectors
├── mbps
├── memory_backed
├── no_sched
├── poll_queues
├── power
├── queue_mode
├── shared_tag_bitmap
├── size
├── submit_queues
├── use_per_node_hctx
├── virt_boundary
├── write_zeroes
├── zone_capacity
├── zoned
├── zone_max_active
├── zone_max_open
├── zone_nr_conv
└── zone_size
0 directories, 31 files
ODD:-
2+1 records in
2+1 records out
10002 bytes (10 kB, 9.8 KiB) copied, 0.000394609 s, 25.3 MB/s
0000000 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0000016
0004096 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0004112
0008192 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0008208
0012288 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0012304
0016384 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0016400
0020480 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0020496
0024576 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0024592
0028672 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0028688
0032768 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0032784
0036864 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0036880
------------------------------------------------------
0000000 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0000016
0004096 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0004112
0008192 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0008208
0012288 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0012304
0016384 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0016400
0020480 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0020496
0024576 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0024592
0028672 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0028688
0032768 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0032784
0036864 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0036880
------------------------------------------------------
EVEN:-
2+1 records in
2+1 records out
10002 bytes (10 kB, 9.8 KiB) copied, 0.000231178 s, 43.3 MB/s
0000000 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0000016
0004096 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0004112
0008192 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0008208
0012288 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0012304
0016384 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0016400
0020480 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0020496
0024576 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0024592
0028672 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0028688
0032768 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0032784
0036864 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0036880
------------------------------------------------------
0000000 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0000016
0004096 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
0004112
0008192 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0008208
0012288 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0012304
0016384 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0016400
0020480 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0020496
0024576 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0024592
0028672 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0028688
0032768 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0032784
0036864 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
0036880
------------------------------------------------------
MKFS:-
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 1310720 4k blocks and 327680 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 472150a1-06d4-43bb-9ec8-f9855439ef51
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
/dev/nullb0 on /mnt/nullb0 type ext2 (rw,relatime,seclabel)
[66952.985308] null_blk: disk nullb0 created
[66954.103807] EXT4-fs (nullb0): mounting ext2 file system using the ext4 subsystem
[66954.104413] EXT4-fs (nullb0): mounted filesystem without journal. Quota mode: none.
write-and-verify: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.27
Starting 1 process
write-and-verify: Laying out IO file (1 file / 4000MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [V(1)][78.9%][r=1164MiB/s][r=298k IOPS][eta 00m:04s]
write-and-verify: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=181633: Tue Nov 15 11:41:40 2022
read: IOPS=297k, BW=1161MiB/s (1217MB/s)(2528MiB/2178msec)
slat (nsec): min=1963, max=68339, avg=2318.80, stdev=478.10
clat (nsec): min=1392, max=154052, avg=50753.94, stdev=2410.44
lat (usec): min=4, max=156, avg=53.12, stdev= 2.47
clat percentiles (nsec):
| 1.00th=[48384], 5.00th=[48896], 10.00th=[48896], 20.00th=[49408],
| 30.00th=[49408], 40.00th=[49920], 50.00th=[49920], 60.00th=[50432],
| 70.00th=[50432], 80.00th=[50944], 90.00th=[54528], 95.00th=[56576],
| 99.00th=[58624], 99.50th=[60160], 99.90th=[64768], 99.95th=[67072],
| 99.99th=[84480]
write: IOPS=78.4k, BW=306MiB/s (321MB/s)(4000MiB/13062msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=3, max=459, avg=12.06, stdev= 9.33
clat (nsec): min=781, max=878889, avg=191647.26, stdev=41358.52
lat (usec): min=6, max=1256, avg=203.78, stdev=42.97
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 133], 5.00th=[ 147], 10.00th=[ 155], 20.00th=[ 165],
| 30.00th=[ 174], 40.00th=[ 182], 50.00th=[ 188], 60.00th=[ 194],
| 70.00th=[ 200], 80.00th=[ 208], 90.00th=[ 217], 95.00th=[ 239],
| 99.00th=[ 355], 99.50th=[ 371], 99.90th=[ 529], 99.95th=[ 586],
| 99.99th=[ 685]
bw ( KiB/s): min=35760, max=361560, per=96.75%, avg=303382.70, stdev=59886.47, samples=27
iops : min= 8938, max=90392, avg=75845.67, stdev=14972.03, samples=27
lat (nsec) : 1000=0.01%
lat (usec) : 2=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=18.50%, 100=20.23%
lat (usec) : 250=58.30%, 500=2.90%, 750=0.08%, 1000=0.01%
cpu : usr=23.28%, sys=74.59%, ctx=3190, majf=0, minf=15184
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=100.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=647124,1024000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=1161MiB/s (1217MB/s), 1161MiB/s-1161MiB/s (1217MB/s-1217MB/s), io=2528MiB (2651MB), run=2178-2178msec
WRITE: bw=306MiB/s (321MB/s), 306MiB/s-306MiB/s (321MB/s-321MB/s), io=4000MiB (4194MB), run=13062-13062msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nullb0: ios=616272/1024000, merge=0/0, ticks=547/1593, in_queue=2141, util=99.37%
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
/dev/nullb0 contains a ext2 file system
last mounted on /mnt/nullb0 on Tue Nov 15 11:41:24 2022
Creating filesystem with 1310720 4k blocks and 327680 inodes
Filesystem UUID: f17569a8-1b75-430a-97bb-4b4b8f23406a
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
/dev/nullb0 on /mnt/nullb0 type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel)
[66969.684331] EXT4-fs (nullb0): unmounting filesystem.
[66969.706596] EXT4-fs (nullb0): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
write-and-verify: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=16
fio-3.27
Starting 1 process
write-and-verify: Laying out IO file (1 file / 4000MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [V(1)][75.0%][r=1143MiB/s][r=293k IOPS][eta 00m:04s]
write-and-verify: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=181656: Tue Nov 15 11:41:53 2022
read: IOPS=292k, BW=1141MiB/s (1196MB/s)(2530MiB/2218msec)
slat (nsec): min=1943, max=59723, avg=2357.85, stdev=610.78
clat (nsec): min=1122, max=126250, avg=51644.27, stdev=3519.72
lat (usec): min=3, max=128, avg=54.05, stdev= 3.63
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 49], 5.00th=[ 49], 10.00th=[ 50], 20.00th=[ 50],
| 30.00th=[ 50], 40.00th=[ 51], 50.00th=[ 51], 60.00th=[ 51],
| 70.00th=[ 52], 80.00th=[ 52], 90.00th=[ 57], 95.00th=[ 59],
| 99.00th=[ 65], 99.50th=[ 69], 99.90th=[ 77], 99.95th=[ 81],
| 99.99th=[ 109]
write: IOPS=98.4k, BW=385MiB/s (403MB/s)(4000MiB/10403msec); 0 zone resets
slat (usec): min=3, max=3347, avg= 9.53, stdev= 8.05
clat (nsec): min=1182, max=3537.4k, avg=152680.35, stdev=33311.37
lat (usec): min=13, max=3548, avg=162.27, stdev=34.53
clat percentiles (usec):
| 1.00th=[ 119], 5.00th=[ 128], 10.00th=[ 133], 20.00th=[ 139],
| 30.00th=[ 145], 40.00th=[ 149], 50.00th=[ 153], 60.00th=[ 155],
| 70.00th=[ 159], 80.00th=[ 165], 90.00th=[ 172], 95.00th=[ 180],
| 99.00th=[ 204], 99.50th=[ 219], 99.90th=[ 285], 99.95th=[ 355],
| 99.99th=[ 474]
bw ( KiB/s): min=349128, max=431920, per=99.08%, avg=390094.48, stdev=22615.43, samples=21
iops : min=87282, max=107980, avg=97523.81, stdev=5653.77, samples=21
lat (usec) : 2=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=11.55%, 100=27.19%
lat (usec) : 250=61.10%, 500=0.15%, 750=0.01%
lat (msec) : 4=0.01%
cpu : usr=28.99%, sys=70.86%, ctx=27, majf=0, minf=15197
IO depths : 1=0.1%, 2=0.1%, 4=0.1%, 8=0.1%, 16=100.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.1%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
issued rwts: total=647655,1024000,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
latency : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=16
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
READ: bw=1141MiB/s (1196MB/s), 1141MiB/s-1141MiB/s (1196MB/s-1196MB/s), io=2530MiB (2653MB), run=2218-2218msec
WRITE: bw=385MiB/s (403MB/s), 385MiB/s-385MiB/s (403MB/s-403MB/s), io=4000MiB (4194MB), run=10403-10403msec
Disk stats (read/write):
nullb0: ios=580338/1024235, merge=0/5744, ticks=513/1640, in_queue=2154, util=99.29%
--
2.29.0
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