Date:   Wed, 16 Nov 2022 17:02:11 +0900
From:   Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@...nsource.wdc.com>
To:     Matthew Wilcox <willy@...radead.org>
Cc:     Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@...il.com>,
        Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>,
        Conor Dooley <conor@...nel.org>,
        Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@...een.com>,
        Christoph Lameter <cl@...ux.com>,
        David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>,
        Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@....com>,
        Pekka Enberg <penberg@...nel.org>,
        Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@...ux.dev>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        "linux-mm@...ck.org" <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        "linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>,
        Rustam Kovhaev <rkovhaev@...il.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Josh Triplett <josh@...htriplett.org>,
        Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>,
        Russell King <linux@...linux.org.uk>,
        Alexander Shiyan <shc_work@...l.ru>,
        Aaro Koskinen <aaro.koskinen@....fi>,
        Janusz Krzysztofik <jmkrzyszt@...il.com>,
        Tony Lindgren <tony@...mide.com>,
        Yoshinori Sato <ysato@...rs.sourceforge.jp>,
        Rich Felker <dalias@...c.org>, Jonas Bonn <jonas@...thpole.se>,
        Stefan Kristiansson <stefan.kristiansson@...nalahti.fi>,
        Stafford Horne <shorne@...il.com>,
        "linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org" 
        <linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org>,
        openrisc@...ts.librecores.org, linux-riscv@...ts.infradead.org,
        linux-sh@...r.kernel.org,
        Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@...ux-m68k.org>,
        Conor.Dooley@...rochip.com, Paul Cercueil <paul@...pouillou.net>
Subject: Re: Deprecating and removing SLOB

On 2022/11/16 16:57, Matthew Wilcox wrote:
> On Tue, Nov 15, 2022 at 01:28:14PM +0900, Damien Le Moal wrote:
>> On 11/15/22 13:24, Damien Le Moal wrote:
>>> 6.1-rc5, SLOB:
>>>     - 623 free pages
>>>     - 629 free pages
>>>     - 629 free pages
>>> 6.1-rc5, SLUB:
>>>     - 448 free pages
>>>     - 448 free pages
>>>     - 429 free pages
>>> 6.1-rc5, SLUB + slub_max_order=0:
>>>     - Init error, shell prompt but no shell command working
>>>     - Init error, no shell prompt
>>>     - 508 free pages
>>>     - Init error, shell prompt but no shell command working
>>> 6.1-rc5, SLUB + patch:
>>>     - Init error, shell prompt but no shell command working
>>>     - 433 free pages
>>>     - 448 free pages
>>>     - 423 free pages
>>> 6.1-rc5, SLUB + slub_max_order=0 + patch:
>>>     - Init error, no shell prompt
>>>     - Init error, shell prompt, 499 free pages
>>>     - Init error, shell prompt but no shell command working
>>>     - Init error, no shell prompt
>>>
>>> No changes for SLOB results, expected.
>>>
>>> For default SLUB, I did get all clean boots this time and could run the
>>> cat command. But I do see shell fork failures if I keep running commands.
>>>
>>> For SLUB + slub_max_order=0, I only got one clean boot with 508 free
>>> pages. Remaining runs failed to give a shell prompt or allow running cat
>>> command. For the clean boot, I do see higher number of free pages.
>>>
>>> SLUB with the patch was nearly identical to SLUB without the patch.
>>>
>>> And SLUB+patch+slub_max_order=0 gave again a lot of errors/bad boot. I
>>> could run the cat command only once, giving 499 free pages, so better than
>>> regular SLUB. But it seems that the memory is more fragmented as
>>> allocations fail more often.
>>
>> Note about the last case (SLUB+patch+slub_max_order=0). Here are the
>> messages I got when the init shell process fork failed:
>>
>> [    1.217998] nommu: Allocation of length 491520 from process 1 (sh) failed
>> [    1.224098] active_anon:0 inactive_anon:0 isolated_anon:0
>> [    1.224098]  active_file:5 inactive_file:12 isolated_file:0
>> [    1.224098]  unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:0
>> [    1.224098]  slab_reclaimable:38 slab_unreclaimable:459
>> [    1.224098]  mapped:0 shmem:0 pagetables:0
>> [    1.224098]  sec_pagetables:0 bounce:0
>> [    1.224098]  kernel_misc_reclaimable:0
>> [    1.224098]  free:859 free_pcp:0 free_cma:0
>> [    1.260419] Node 0 active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:20kB
>> inactive_file:48kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB
>> mapped:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB shmem:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB
>> kernel_stack:576kB pagetables:0kB sec_pagetables:0kB all_unreclaimable? no
>> [    1.285147] DMA32 free:3436kB boost:0kB min:312kB low:388kB high:464kB
>> reserved_highatomic:0KB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB
>> inactive_file:28kB unevictable:0kB writepending:0kB present:8192kB
>> managed:6240kB mlocked:0kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB
>> [    1.310654] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0
>> [    1.314089] DMA32: 17*4kB (U) 10*8kB (U) 7*16kB (U) 6*32kB (U) 11*64kB
>> (U) 6*128kB (U) 6*256kB (U) 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 3460kB
>> [    1.326883] 33 total pagecache pages
>> [    1.330420] binfmt_flat: Unable to allocate RAM for process text/data,
>> errno -12
> 
> What you're seeing here is memory fragmentation.  There's more than 512kB
> of memory available, but nommu requires it to be contiguous, and it's
> not.  This is pretty bad, really.  We didn't even finish starting up
> and already we've managed to allocate at least one page from each of
> the 16 512kB chunks which existed.  Commit df48a5f7a3bb was supposed
> to improve matters by making exact allocations reassemble once they
> were freed.  Maybe the problem is entirely different.

I suspected something like this when seeing the reported "free:859" :)
What I can try next is booting without SD card and the bare minimum set of
drivers to see if the fragmentation is still there or not. Would that help ?
These one page allocations may be for device drivers so never freed, no ?

-- 
Damien Le Moal
Western Digital Research

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