Date:   Tue, 22 Nov 2022 10:01:16 -0800
From:   Eric Dumazet <edumazet@...gle.com>
To:     Ivan Babrou <ivan@...udflare.com>
Cc:     Linux MM <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        Linux Kernel Network Developers <netdev@...r.kernel.org>,
        linux-kernel <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>,
        Michal Hocko <mhocko@...nel.org>,
        Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@...ux.dev>,
        Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@...gle.com>,
        Muchun Song <songmuchun@...edance.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        "David S. Miller" <davem@...emloft.net>,
        Hideaki YOSHIFUJI <yoshfuji@...ux-ipv6.org>,
        David Ahern <dsahern@...nel.org>,
        Jakub Kicinski <kuba@...nel.org>,
        Paolo Abeni <pabeni@...hat.com>, cgroups@...r.kernel.org,
        kernel-team <kernel-team@...udflare.com>
Subject: Re: Low TCP throughput due to vmpressure with swap enabled

On Mon, Nov 21, 2022 at 4:53 PM Ivan Babrou <ivan@...udflare.com> wrote:
>
> Hello,
>
> We have observed a negative TCP throughput behavior from the following commit:
>
> * 8e8ae645249b mm: memcontrol: hook up vmpressure to socket pressure
>
> It landed back in 2016 in v4.5, so it's not exactly a new issue.
>
> The crux of the issue is that in some cases with swap present the
> workload can be unfairly throttled in terms of TCP throughput.

I guess defining 'fairness' in such a scenario is nearly impossible.

Have you tried changing /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_rmem  (and/or tcp_wmem) ?
Defaults are quite conservative.
If for your workload you want to ensure a minimum amount of memory per
TCP socket,
that might be good enough.

Of course, if your proxy has to deal with millions of concurrent TCP
sockets, I fear this is not an option.

>
> I am able to reproduce this issue in a VM locally on v6.1-rc6 with 8
> GiB of RAM with zram enabled.
>
> The setup is fairly simple:
>
> 1. Run the following go proxy in one cgroup (it has some memory
> ballast to simulate useful memory usage):
>
> * https://gist.github.com/bobrik/2c1a8a19b921fefe22caac21fda1be82
>
> sudo systemd-run --scope -p MemoryLimit=6G go run main.go
>
> 2. Run the following fio config in another cgroup to simulate mmapped
> page cache usage:
>
> [global]
> size=8g
> bs=256k
> iodepth=256
> direct=0
> ioengine=mmap
> group_reporting
> time_based
> runtime=86400
> numjobs=8
> name=randread
> rw=randread
>
> [job1]
> filename=derp
>
> sudo systemd-run --scope fio randread.fio
>
> 3. Run curl to request a large file via proxy:
>
> curl -o /dev/null http://localhost:4444
>
> 4. Observe low throughput. The numbers here are dependent on your
> location, but in my VM the throughput drops from 60MB/s to 10MB/s
> depending on whether fio is running or not.
>
> I can see that this happens because of the commit I mentioned with
> some perf tracing:
>
> sudo perf probe --add 'vmpressure:48 memcg->css.cgroup->kn->id scanned
> vmpr_scanned=vmpr->scanned reclaimed vmpr_reclaimed=vmpr->reclaimed'
> sudo perf probe --add 'vmpressure:72 memcg->css.cgroup->kn->id'
>
> I can record the probes above during curl runtime:
>
> sudo perf record -a -e probe:vmpressure_L48,probe:vmpressure_L72 -- sleep 5
>
> Line 48 allows me to observe scanned and reclaimed page counters, line
> 72 is the actual throttling.
>
> Here's an example trace showing my go proxy cgroup:
>
> kswapd0 89 [002] 2351.221995: probe:vmpressure_L48: (ffffffed2639dd90)
> id=0xf23 scanned=0x140 vmpr_scanned=0x0 reclaimed=0x0
> vmpr_reclaimed=0x0
> kswapd0 89 [007] 2351.333407: probe:vmpressure_L48: (ffffffed2639dd90)
> id=0xf23 scanned=0x2b3 vmpr_scanned=0x140 reclaimed=0x0
> vmpr_reclaimed=0x0
> kswapd0 89 [007] 2351.333408: probe:vmpressure_L72: (ffffffed2639de2c) id=0xf23
>
> We scanned lots of pages, but weren't able to reclaim anything.
>
> When throttling happens, it's in tcp_prune_queue, where rcv_ssthresh
> (TCP window clamp) is set to 4 x advmss:
>
> * https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v5.15.76/source/net/ipv4/tcp_input.c#L5373
>
> else if (tcp_under_memory_pressure(sk))
> tp->rcv_ssthresh = min(tp->rcv_ssthresh, 4U * tp->advmss);
>
> I can see plenty of memory available in both my go proxy cgroup and in
> the system in general:
>
> $ free -h
> total used free shared buff/cache available
> Mem: 7.8Gi 4.3Gi 104Mi 0.0Ki 3.3Gi 3.3Gi
> Swap: 11Gi 242Mi 11Gi
>
> It just so happens that all of the memory is hot and is not eligible
> to be reclaimed. Since swap is enabled, the memory is still eligible
> to be scanned. If swap is disabled, then my go proxy is not eligible
> for scanning anymore (all memory is anonymous, nowhere to reclaim it),
> so the whole issue goes away.
>
> Punishing well behaving programs like that doesn't seem fair. We saw
> production metals with 200GB page cache out of 384GB of RAM, where a
> well behaved proxy with 60GB of RAM + 15GB of swap is throttled like
> that. The fact that it only happens with swap makes it extra weird.
>
> I'm not really sure what to do with this. From our end we'll probably
> just pass cgroup.memory=nosocket in cmdline to disable this behavior
> altogether, since it's not like we're running out of TCP memory (and
> we can deal with that better if it ever comes to that). There should
> probably be a better general case solution.

Probably :)

>
> I don't know how widespread this issue can be. You need a fair amount
> of page cache pressure to try to go to anonymous memory for reclaim to
> trigger this.
>
> Either way, this seems like a bit of a landmine.

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