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Date: Fri, 2 Dec 2022 14:56:46 -0800
From: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
To: jeffxu@...omium.org
Cc: skhan@...uxfoundation.org, akpm@...ux-foundation.org,
dmitry.torokhov@...il.com, dverkamp@...omium.org, hughd@...gle.com,
jeffxu@...gle.com, jorgelo@...omium.org,
linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-kselftest@...r.kernel.org,
linux-mm@...ck.org, mnissler@...omium.org, jannh@...gle.com,
linux-hardening@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3] mm/memfd: add MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL and MFD_EXEC
On Fri, Dec 02, 2022 at 01:34:00AM +0000, jeffxu@...omium.org wrote:
> From: Jeff Xu <jeffxu@...omium.org>
>
> The new MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL and MFD_EXEC flags allows application to
> set executable bit at creation time (memfd_create).
>
> When MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL is set, memfd is created without executable bit
> (mode:0666), and sealed with F_SEAL_EXEC, so it can't be chmod to
> be executable (mode: 0777) after creation.
>
> when MFD_EXEC flag is set, memfd is created with executable bit
> (mode:0777), this is the same as the old behavior of memfd_create.
>
> The new pid namespaced sysctl vm.memfd_noexec has 3 values:
> 0: memfd_create() without MFD_EXEC nor MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL acts like
> MFD_EXEC was set.
> 1: memfd_create() without MFD_EXEC nor MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL acts like
> MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL was set.
> 2:memfd_create() without MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL will be rejected.
^ nit: missing space
>
> The sysctl allows finer control of memfd_create for old-software
> that doesn't set the executable bit, for example, a container with
> vm.memfd_noexec=1 means the old-software will create non-executable
> memfd by default.
>
> Co-developed-by: Daniel Verkamp <dverkamp@...omium.org>
> Signed-off-by: Daniel Verkamp <dverkamp@...omium.org>
> Signed-off-by: Jeff Xu <jeffxu@...omium.org>
> ---
> include/linux/pid_namespace.h | 19 ++++++++++++++
> include/uapi/linux/memfd.h | 4 +++
> kernel/pid_namespace.c | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> mm/memfd.c | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
> 4 files changed, 112 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/pid_namespace.h b/include/linux/pid_namespace.h
> index 07481bb87d4e..a4789a7b34a9 100644
> --- a/include/linux/pid_namespace.h
> +++ b/include/linux/pid_namespace.h
> @@ -16,6 +16,21 @@
>
> struct fs_pin;
>
> +#if defined(CONFIG_SYSCTL) && defined(CONFIG_MEMFD_CREATE)
> +/*
> + * sysctl for vm.memfd_noexec
> + * 0: memfd_create() without MFD_EXEC nor MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL
> + * acts like MFD_EXEC was set.
> + * 1: memfd_create() without MFD_EXEC nor MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL
> + * acts like MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL was set.
> + * 2: memfd_create() without MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL will be
> + * rejected.
> + */
> +#define MEMFD_NOEXEC_SCOPE_EXEC 0
> +#define MEMFD_NOEXEC_SCOPE_NOEXEC_SEAL 1
> +#define MEMFD_NOEXEC_SCOPE_NOEXEC_ENFORCED 2
> +#endif
> +
> struct pid_namespace {
> struct idr idr;
> struct rcu_head rcu;
> @@ -31,6 +46,10 @@ struct pid_namespace {
> struct ucounts *ucounts;
> int reboot; /* group exit code if this pidns was rebooted */
> struct ns_common ns;
> +#if defined(CONFIG_SYSCTL) && defined(CONFIG_MEMFD_CREATE)
> + /* sysctl for vm.memfd_noexec */
> + int memfd_noexec_scope;
> +#endif
> } __randomize_layout;
>
> extern struct pid_namespace init_pid_ns;
> diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/memfd.h b/include/uapi/linux/memfd.h
> index 7a8a26751c23..273a4e15dfcf 100644
> --- a/include/uapi/linux/memfd.h
> +++ b/include/uapi/linux/memfd.h
> @@ -8,6 +8,10 @@
> #define MFD_CLOEXEC 0x0001U
> #define MFD_ALLOW_SEALING 0x0002U
> #define MFD_HUGETLB 0x0004U
> +/* not executable and sealed to prevent changing to executable. */
> +#define MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL 0x0008U
> +/* executable */
> +#define MFD_EXEC 0x0010U
>
> /*
> * Huge page size encoding when MFD_HUGETLB is specified, and a huge page
> diff --git a/kernel/pid_namespace.c b/kernel/pid_namespace.c
> index f4f8cb0435b4..71dd9b0a0f62 100644
> --- a/kernel/pid_namespace.c
> +++ b/kernel/pid_namespace.c
> @@ -110,6 +110,10 @@ static struct pid_namespace *create_pid_namespace(struct user_namespace *user_ns
> ns->ucounts = ucounts;
> ns->pid_allocated = PIDNS_ADDING;
>
> +#if defined(CONFIG_SYSCTL) && defined(CONFIG_MEMFD_CREATE)
> + ns->memfd_noexec_scope = MEMFD_NOEXEC_SCOPE_EXEC;
> +#endif
I think this should be inherited from the parent pid namespace instead?
> +
> return ns;
>
> out_free_idr:
> @@ -255,6 +259,45 @@ void zap_pid_ns_processes(struct pid_namespace *pid_ns)
> return;
> }
>
> +#if defined(CONFIG_SYSCTL) && defined(CONFIG_MEMFD_CREATE)
> +int pid_mfd_noexec_dointvec_minmax(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
> + void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
> +{
> + struct pid_namespace *ns = task_active_pid_ns(current);
> + struct ctl_table table_copy;
> +
> + if (write && !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
> + return -EPERM;
> +
> + table_copy = *table;
> + if (ns != &init_pid_ns)
> + table_copy.data = &ns->memfd_noexec_scope;
> +
> + /*
> + * set minimum to current value, the effect is only bigger
> + * value is accepted.
> + */
> + if (*(int *)table_copy.data > *(int *)table_copy.extra1)
> + table_copy.extra1 = table_copy.data;
Yeah, I like this kind of enforcement.
> +
> + return proc_dointvec_minmax(&table_copy, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
> +}
> +
> +static struct ctl_table pid_ns_ctl_table_vm[] = {
> + {
> + .procname = "memfd_noexec",
> + .data = &init_pid_ns.memfd_noexec_scope,
> + .maxlen = sizeof(init_pid_ns.memfd_noexec_scope),
> + .mode = 0644,
> + .proc_handler = pid_mfd_noexec_dointvec_minmax,
> + .extra1 = SYSCTL_ZERO,
> + .extra2 = SYSCTL_TWO,
> + },
> + { }
> +};
> +static struct ctl_path vm_path[] = { { .procname = "vm", }, { } };
> +#endif
> +
> #ifdef CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
> static int pid_ns_ctl_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
> void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
> @@ -455,6 +498,10 @@ static __init int pid_namespaces_init(void)
> #ifdef CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
> register_sysctl_paths(kern_path, pid_ns_ctl_table);
> #endif
> +
> +#if defined(CONFIG_SYSCTL) && defined(CONFIG_MEMFD_CREATE)
> + register_sysctl_paths(vm_path, pid_ns_ctl_table_vm);
> +#endif
> return 0;
> }
>
> diff --git a/mm/memfd.c b/mm/memfd.c
> index 4ebeab94aa74..69e897dea6d5 100644
> --- a/mm/memfd.c
> +++ b/mm/memfd.c
> @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
> #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
> #include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
> #include <linux/memfd.h>
> +#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
> #include <uapi/linux/memfd.h>
>
> /*
> @@ -263,12 +264,13 @@ long memfd_fcntl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
> #define MFD_NAME_PREFIX_LEN (sizeof(MFD_NAME_PREFIX) - 1)
> #define MFD_NAME_MAX_LEN (NAME_MAX - MFD_NAME_PREFIX_LEN)
>
> -#define MFD_ALL_FLAGS (MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING | MFD_HUGETLB)
> +#define MFD_ALL_FLAGS (MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING | MFD_HUGETLB | MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL | MFD_EXEC)
>
> SYSCALL_DEFINE2(memfd_create,
> const char __user *, uname,
> unsigned int, flags)
> {
> + struct pid_namespace *ns;
> unsigned int *file_seals;
> struct file *file;
> int fd, error;
> @@ -285,6 +287,36 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE2(memfd_create,
> return -EINVAL;
> }
>
> + /* Invalid if both EXEC and NOEXEC_SEAL are set.*/
> + if ((flags & MFD_EXEC) && (flags & MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL))
> + return -EINVAL;
> +
> + if (!(flags & (MFD_EXEC | MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL))) {
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
> + int sysctl = MEMFD_NOEXEC_SCOPE_EXEC;
> +
> + ns = task_active_pid_ns(current);
> + if (ns)
> + sysctl = ns->memfd_noexec_scope;
> +
> + if (sysctl == MEMFD_NOEXEC_SCOPE_EXEC) {
> + flags |= MFD_EXEC;
> + } else if (sysctl == MEMFD_NOEXEC_SCOPE_NOEXEC_SEAL) {
> + flags |= MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL;
> + } else {
> + pr_warn_ratelimited(
> + "memfd_create(): MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL is enforced, pid=%d\n",
> + task_pid_nr(current));
> + return -EINVAL;
> + }
Not a huge deal, but the above could be a switch statement to improve
readability.
> +#else
> + flags |= MFD_EXEC;
> +#endif
> + pr_warn_ratelimited(
> + "memfd_create() without MFD_EXEC nor MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL, pid=%d\n",
> + task_pid_nr(current));
Perhaps include process name as well -- makes admin lives easier. :)
pr_warn_ratelimited(
"memfd_create() without MFD_EXEC nor MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL: %s[%d]\n",
current->comm, task_pid_nr(current));
> + }
> +
> /* length includes terminating zero */
> len = strnlen_user(uname, MFD_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1);
> if (len <= 0)
> @@ -328,7 +360,15 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE2(memfd_create,
> file->f_mode |= FMODE_LSEEK | FMODE_PREAD | FMODE_PWRITE;
> file->f_flags |= O_LARGEFILE;
>
> - if (flags & MFD_ALLOW_SEALING) {
> + if (flags & MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL) {
> + struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
> +
> + inode->i_mode &= ~0111;
> + file_seals = memfd_file_seals_ptr(file);
> + *file_seals &= ~F_SEAL_SEAL;
> + *file_seals |= F_SEAL_EXEC;
> + } else if (flags & MFD_ALLOW_SEALING) {
> + /* MFD_EXEC and MFD_ALLOW_SEALING are set */
> file_seals = memfd_file_seals_ptr(file);
> *file_seals &= ~F_SEAL_SEAL;
> }
> --
> 2.39.0.rc0.267.gcb52ba06e7-goog
>
Otherwise, looks good to me.
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
--
Kees Cook
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