linux-kernel - Re: [RFC for-6.2/block V2] block: Change the granularity of io ticks from ms to ns

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Date:   Thu, 8 Dec 2022 08:36:49 +0800
From:   Ming Lei <ming.lei@...hat.com>
To:     Gulam Mohamed <gulam.mohamed@...cle.com>
Cc:     linux-block@...r.kernel.org, axboe@...nel.dk,
        philipp.reisner@...bit.com, lars.ellenberg@...bit.com,
        christoph.boehmwalder@...bit.com, minchan@...nel.org,
        ngupta@...are.org, senozhatsky@...omium.org, colyli@...e.de,
        kent.overstreet@...il.com, agk@...hat.com, snitzer@...nel.org,
        dm-devel@...hat.com, song@...nel.org, dan.j.williams@...el.com,
        vishal.l.verma@...el.com, dave.jiang@...el.com,
        ira.weiny@...el.com, junxiao.bi@...cle.com,
        martin.petersen@...cle.com, kch@...dia.com,
        drbd-dev@...ts.linbit.com, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-bcache@...r.kernel.org, linux-raid@...r.kernel.org,
        nvdimm@...ts.linux.dev, konrad.wilk@...cle.com, joe.jin@...cle.com,
        ming.lei@...hat.com
Subject: Re: [RFC for-6.2/block V2] block: Change the granularity of io ticks
 from ms to ns

On Wed, Dec 07, 2022 at 10:32:04PM +0000, Gulam Mohamed wrote:
> As per the review comment from Jens Axboe, I am re-sending this patch
> against "for-6.2/block".
> 
> 
> Use ktime to change the granularity of IO accounting in block layer from
> milli-seconds to nano-seconds to get the proper latency values for the
> devices whose latency is in micro-seconds. After changing the granularity
> to nano-seconds the iostat command, which was showing incorrect values for
> %util, is now showing correct values.

Please add the theory behind why using nano-seconds can get correct accounting.

> 
> We did not work on the patch to drop the logic for
> STAT_PRECISE_TIMESTAMPS yet. Will do it if this patch is ok.
> 
> The iostat command was run after starting the fio with following command
> on an NVME disk. For the same fio command, the iostat %util was showing
> ~100% for the disks whose latencies are in the range of microseconds.
> With the kernel changes (granularity to nano-seconds), the %util was
> showing correct values. Following are the details of the test and their
> output:
> 
> fio command
> -----------
> [global]
> bs=128K
> iodepth=1
> direct=1
> ioengine=libaio
> group_reporting
> time_based
> runtime=90
> thinktime=1ms
> numjobs=1
> name=raw-write
> rw=randrw
> ignore_error=EIO:EIO
> [job1]
> filename=/dev/nvme0n1
> 
> Correct values after kernel changes:
> ====================================
> iostat output
> -------------
> iostat -d /dev/nvme0n1 -x 1
> 
> Device            r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz  svctm  %util
> nvme0n1              0.08    0.05   0.06   128.00   128.00   0.07   6.50
> 
> Device            r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz  svctm  %util
> nvme0n1              0.08    0.06   0.06   128.00   128.00   0.07   6.30
> 
> Device            r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz  svctm  %util
> nvme0n1              0.06    0.05   0.06   128.00   128.00   0.06   5.70
> 
> From fio
> --------
> Read Latency: clat (usec): min=32, max=2335, avg=79.54, stdev=29.95
> Write Latency: clat (usec): min=38, max=130, avg=57.76, stdev= 3.25

Can you explain a bit why the above %util is correct?

BTW, %util is usually not important for SSDs, please see 'man iostat':

     %util
            Percentage of elapsed time during which I/O requests were issued to the device (bandwidth  uti‐
            lization for the device). Device saturation occurs when this value is close to 100% for devices
            serving requests serially.  But for devices serving requests in parallel, such as  RAID  arrays
            and modern SSDs, this number does not reflect their performance limits.


Thanks, 
Ming