Date:   Mon, 12 Dec 2022 22:39:20 +0100
From:   KP Singh <kpsingh@...nel.org>
To:     Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@...nel.org>
Cc:     Alexei Starovoitov <alexei.starovoitov@...il.com>,
        Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, bpf <bpf@...r.kernel.org>,
        Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
        Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...hat.com>,
        Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>,
        Florent Revest <revest@...omium.org>,
        Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        Christoph Hellwig <hch@...radead.org>,
        Chris Mason <clm@...a.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] panic: Taint kernel if fault injection has been used

On Sun, Dec 11, 2022 at 4:14 PM Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@...nel.org> wrote:
>
> On Sun, 11 Dec 2022 08:49:01 +0100
> KP Singh <kpsingh@...nel.org> wrote:
>
> > On Sun, Dec 11, 2022 at 3:52 AM Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@...nel.org> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi Alexei,
> > >
> > > On Wed, 7 Dec 2022 20:36:28 -0800
> > > Alexei Starovoitov <alexei.starovoitov@...il.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > > Yet for 2 days this 'taint' arguing is preventing people from looking at the bug.
> > > > And that happens all the time on lkml. Somebody reports a bug and kernel devs
> > > > jump on the poor person:
> > > > "Can you repro without taint?",
> > > > "Can you repro with upstream kernel?"
> > > > This is discouraging.
> > > > The 'taint' concept makes it easier for kernel devs to ignore bug reports
> > > > and push back on the reporter.
> > > > Do it few times and people stop reporting bugs.
> > >
> > > That seems off topic for me. You seems complained against the taint flag
> > > itself.
> >
> > The series is about adding a taint for, so discussing the user
> > experience, when someone reports a "tainted crash" seems reasonable to
> > me and not off topic.
> >
> > >
> > > > Say, this particular bug in rethook was found by one of our BPF CI developers.
> > > > They're not very familiar with the kernel, but they can see plenty of 'rethook'
> > > > references in the stack trace, lookup MAINTAINER file and ping Massami,
> > > > but to the question "can you repro without taint?" they can only say NO,
> > > > because this is how our CI works. So they will keep silence and the bug will be lost.
> > >
> > > BTW, this sounds like the BPF CI system design issue. If user is NOT easily
> > > identifying what test caused the issue (e.g. what tests ran on the system
> > > until the bug was found), the CI system is totally useless, because after
> > > finding a problem, it must be investigated to solve the problem.
> > >
> > > Without investigation, how would you usually fix the bug??
> >
> > Masami, this seems accusational and counter productive, it was never
> > said that issues can be solved without investigation.
>
> Let me apologies about my misunderstanding.

e-mail is hard, I am glad this is already progressing constructively
and we are making things better.

>
> >
> > The BPF CI does find issues, the BPF reviewers and maintainers
> > regularly fix bugs using it. Alexei's point here is that a taint does
> > not help in solving the problem, rather deter some people from even
> > looking at it. (not BPF people, but other maintainers [distro, kernel]
> > who would ask for a reproduction without a taint).
>
> Hmm, that is a problem. Some taint flag should be useful hints
> for finding the error patterns.

the boolean information contained in taints is not helpful, stuff like
audit logs / crash dumps / bpftool reports are much more helpful.
>
> > Let's take a step back and focus on solving debuggability and
> > introspection as we clearly have some perception issues about taints
> > in the community. (distro maintainers, users) before we go and add
> > more taints.
>
> Agreed.
>
> > > > That's not the only reason why I'm against generalizing 'taint'.
> > > > Tainting because HW is misbehaving makes sense, but tainting because
> > > > of OoO module or because of live-patching does not.
> > > > It becomes an excuse that people abuse.
> > >
> > > yeah, it is possible to be abused. but that is the problem who
> > > abuse it.
> >
> > I am sorry, but it's our responsibility as developers to design
> > features so that users don't face arduous pushbacks.
>
> Sorry if I confuse you. I meant that taint flag abusing. :(

Again no worries, but we need to make sure that the taint flag is not
abused, and if it is being abused, limit the damage somewhere.

>
> >
> > > > Right now syzbot is finding all sorts of bugs. Most of the time syzbot
> > > > turns error injection on to find those allocation issues.
> > > > If syzbot reports will start coming as tainted there will be even less
> > > > attention to them. That will not be good.
> > >
> > > Hmm, what kind of error injection does syzbot do? I would like to know
> > > how it is used. For example, does that use only a specify set of
> > > injection points, or use all existing points?
> > >
> > > If the latter, I feel safer because syzbot ensures the current all
> > > ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION() functions will work with error injection. If not,
> > > we need to consider removing the ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION() from the
> > > function which is not tested well (or add this taint flag.)
> > >
> > > Documentation/fault-injection/fault-injection.rst has no explanation
> > > about ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION(), but obviously the ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION()
> > > marked functions and its caller MUST be designed safely against the
> > > error injection. e.g.
> > >
> > > - It must return an error code. (so EI_ETYPE_NONE must be removed)
> >
> > This is already the case with BPF, the modify return trampolines
> > further limits the error injection to functions that return errors.
>
> OK, so I also should remove it from FEI.
>
> >
> > > - Caller must check the return value always.
> > >   (but I thought this was the reason why we need this test framework...)
> > > - It should not run any 'effective' code before checking an error.
> > >   For example, increment counter, call other functions etc.
> > >   (this means it can return without any side-effect)
> >
> > This is the case with modify_return trampolines in BPF which avoid
> > side effects and limit the attachment surface further and avoiding
> > side effects is a design goal. If we missed anything, let's fix that.
> >
> > https://lwn.net/Articles/813724/
>
> Yeah, if BPF tests already tested all ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION() functions,
> it may be checked already. I think we just need adding the above
> explanation on the document, so that the people who will add additional
> ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION() on a function, can understand the limitation.
>
> >
> > >
> > > Anything else?
> > >
> > > [...]
> > > > All these years we've been working on improving bpf introspection and
> > > > debuggability. Today crash dumps look like this:
> > > >   bpf_trace_printk+0xd3/0x170 kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c:377
> > > >   bpf_prog_cf2ac6d483d8499b_trace_bpf_trace_printk+0x2b/0x37
> > > >   bpf_dispatcher_nop_func include/linux/bpf.h:1082 [inline]
> > > >   __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:600 [inline]
> > > >   bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:607 [inline]
> > > >
> > > > The 2nd from the top is a bpf prog. The rest are kernel functions.
> > > > bpf_prog_cf2ac6d483d8499b_trace_bpf_trace_printk
> > > >          ^^ is a prog tag   ^^ name of bpf prog
> > > >
> > > > If you do 'bpftool prog show' you can see both tag and name.
> > > > 'bpftool prog dump jited'
> > > > dumps x86 code mixed with source line text.
> > > > Often enough +0x2b offset will have some C code right next to it.
> > >
> > > This is good, but this only works when the vmcore is dumped and
> > > on the stack. My concern about the function error injection is
> > > that makes some side effects, which can cause a problem afterwards
> > > (this means after unloading the bpf prog)
> >
> > I think careful choices need to be made on when error injection is
> > allowed so that these situations don't occur. (as you mentioned in
> > your comment). [1]. If a BPF program is unloaded, there is no error
> > injection any more, let's ensure that we design the error injection
> > allow list and the BPF logic to ensure this cannot happen.
>
> OK. Actually, I trust the BPF logic itself will be handle this
> correctly. I just concerned that some people who don't know much
> (because it is not carefully documented) might add ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION()
> to a function which is not injectable by design. Thus I thought the
> taint flag can help.

We should definitely carefully review any new ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION
functions, that's the real value add.

> But if those are always Cc'd to bpf@...r and it will be tested by BPF
> CI, I'm OK for that.
>
> > > > One can monitor all prog load/unload via perf or via audit.
> >
> > I would like us to focus on debuggability as it helps both the
> > maintainers and the user. And I see a few things that need to be done:
> >
> > 1. Revisit what is allowed for error injection in the kernel and if
> > they can cause any subtle issues. My initial take is that functions
> > that are directly called from syscall path should generally be okay.
> > But let's check them for the patterns you mentioned.
>
> Yeah, I agree that syscall entries should be safe.
>
> > 2. If it helps, add the list of BPF modify return programs to stack
> > traces. Although this is really needed if we don't do [1] properly.
>
> Would you mean a list of enabled BPF programs in Oops code? If so,
> I also want to add enabled FEI list on it.
>
> > 3. Check if anything needs to be improved in the verification logic
> > for modify return trampolines.
>
> I think BPF logic itself is safe. But the targeted function itself
> or the caller may not be designed for such error injection.
> I think this is my fault that I have not documented about
> ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION() well. Sorry about that.

We aim to be blameless and constructive :)

Thanks again for sending the patches!

Cheers,
- KP

>
> Thank you,
>
>
> --
> Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@...nel.org>

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