Date:   Mon, 9 Jan 2023 10:31:28 -0700
From:   Nathan Chancellor <nathan@...nel.org>
To:     Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@...nel.org>
Cc:     linux-kbuild@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        Nicolas Schier <nicolas@...sle.eu>,
        Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@...gle.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3] kbuild: export top-level LDFLAGS_vmlinux only to
 scripts/Makefile.vmlinux

On Mon, Jan 09, 2023 at 04:23:17AM +0900, Masahiro Yamada wrote:
> Nathan Chancellor reports that $(NM) emits an error message when
> GNU Make 4.4 is used to build the ARM zImage.
> 
>   $ make-4.4 ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- O=build defconfig zImage
>     [snip]
>     LD      vmlinux
>     NM      System.map
>     SORTTAB vmlinux
>     OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/Image
>     Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
>   arm-linux-gnueabi-nm: 'arch/arm/boot/compressed/../../../../vmlinux': No such file
>   /bin/sh: 1: arithmetic expression: expecting primary: " "
>     LDS     arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux.lds
>     AS      arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.o
>     GZIP    arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy_data
>     AS      arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.o
>     CC      arch/arm/boot/compressed/misc.o
> 
> This occurs since GNU Make commit 98da874c4303 ("[SV 10593] Export
> variables to $(shell ...) commands"), and the O= option is needed to
> reproduce it. The generated zImage is correct despite the error message.
> 
> As the commit description of 98da874c4303 [1] says, exported variables
> are passed down to $(shell ) functions, which means exported recursive
> variables might be expanded earlier than before, in the parse stage.
> 
> The following test code demonstrates the change for GNU Make 4.4.
> 
> [Test Makefile]
> 
>   $(shell echo hello > foo)
>   export foo = $(shell cat bar/../foo)
>   $(shell mkdir bar)
> 
>   all:
>           @echo $(foo)
> 
> [GNU Make 4.3]
> 
>   $ rm -rf bar; make-4.3
>   hello
> 
> [GNU Make 4.4]
> 
>   $ rm -rf bar; make-4.4
>   cat: bar/../foo: No such file or directory
>   hello
> 
> The 'foo' is a resursively expanded (i.e. lazily expanded) variable.
> 
> GNU Make 4.3 expands 'foo' just before running the recipe '@...o $(foo)',
> at this point, the directory 'bar' exists.
> 
> GNU Make 4.4 expands 'foo' to evaluate $(shell mkdir bar) because it is
> exported. At this point, the directory 'bar' does not exit yet. The cat
> command cannot resolve the bar/../foo path, hence the error message.
> 
> Let's get back to the kernel Makefile.
> 
> In arch/arm/boot/compressed/Makefile, KBSS_SZ is referenced by
> LDFLAGS_vmlinux, which is recursive and also exported by the top
> Makefile.
> 
> GNU Make 4.3 expands KBSS_SZ just before running the recipes, so no
> error message.
> 
> GNU Make 4.4 expands KBSS_SZ in the parse stage, where the directory
> arm/arm/boot/compressed does not exit yet. When compiled with O=,
> the output directory is created by $(shell mkdir -p $(obj-dirs))
> in scripts/Makefile.build.
> 
> There are two ways to fix this particular issue:
> 
>  - change "$(obj)/../../../../vmlinux" in KBSS_SZ to "vmlinux"
>  - unexport LDFLAGS_vmlinux
> 
> This commit takes the latter course because it is what I originally
> intended.
> 
> Commit 3ec8a5b33dea ("kbuild: do not export LDFLAGS_vmlinux")
> unexported LDFLAGS_vmlinux.
> 
> Commit 5d4aeffbf709 ("kbuild: rebuild .vmlinux.export.o when its
> prerequisite is updated") accidentally exported it again.
> 
> We can clean up arch/arm/boot/compressed/Makefile later.
> 
> [1]: https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/make.git/commit/?id=98da874c43035a490cdca81331724f233a3d0c9a
> 
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/Y7i8+EjwdnhHtlrr@dev-arch.thelio-3990X/
> Fixes: 5d4aeffbf709 ("kbuild: rebuild .vmlinux.export.o when its prerequisite is updated")
> Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@...nel.org>
> Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@...nel.org>
> Reviewed-by: Nicolas Schier <nicolas@...sle.eu>

Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@...nel.org>

Thank you again for digging into this!

> ---
> 
> Changes in v3:
>   - Minimize the scope of exporting.
>     LDFLAGS_vmlinux is only exported to scripts/Makefile.vmlinux
> 
> Changes in v2:
>   - Postpone the change for arch/arm/boot/compressed/Makefile
>   - Update the commit description
> 
>  Makefile | 14 +++++++++++++-
>  1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> 
> diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
> index dfba294ae790..9eed3e9b3657 100644
> --- a/Makefile
> +++ b/Makefile
> @@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ LDFLAGS_MODULE  =
>  CFLAGS_KERNEL	=
>  RUSTFLAGS_KERNEL =
>  AFLAGS_KERNEL	=
> -export LDFLAGS_vmlinux =
> +LDFLAGS_vmlinux =
>  
>  # Use USERINCLUDE when you must reference the UAPI directories only.
>  USERINCLUDE    := \
> @@ -1248,6 +1248,18 @@ vmlinux.o modules.builtin.modinfo modules.builtin: vmlinux_o
>  	@:
>  
>  PHONY += vmlinux
> +# LDFLAGS_vmlinux in the top Makefile defines linker flags for the top vmlinux,
> +# not for decompressors. LDFLAGS_vmlinux in arch/*/boot/compressed/Makefile is
> +# unrelated; the decompressors just happen to have the same base name,
> +# arch/*/boot/compressed/vmlinux.
> +# Export LDFLAGS_vmlinux only to scripts/Makefile.vmlinux.
> +#
> +# _LDFLAGS_vmlinux is an indirection to work around the bug:
> +#   https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?61463
> +# For Make > 4.4, the following simple code will work:
> +#  vmlinux: private export LDFLAGS_vmlinux := $(LDFLAGS_vmlinux)
> +vmlinux: private _LDFLAGS_vmlinux := $(LDFLAGS_vmlinux)
> +vmlinux: export LDFLAGS_vmlinux = $(_LDFLAGS_vmlinux)
>  vmlinux: vmlinux.o $(KBUILD_LDS) modpost
>  	$(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.vmlinux
>  
> -- 
> 2.34.1
> 

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