linux-kernel - Re: Linux guest kernel threat model for Confidential Computing

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Date:   Thu, 26 Jan 2023 10:48:50 +0000
From:   "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@...hat.com>
To:     Lukas Wunner <lukas@...ner.de>
Cc:     Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        "Reshetova, Elena" <elena.reshetova@...el.com>,
        "Shishkin, Alexander" <alexander.shishkin@...el.com>,
        "Shutemov, Kirill" <kirill.shutemov@...el.com>,
        "Kuppuswamy, Sathyanarayanan" <sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@...el.com>,
        "Kleen, Andi" <andi.kleen@...el.com>,
        "Hansen, Dave" <dave.hansen@...el.com>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@...ux.intel.com>,
        "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@...hat.com>,
        Jason Wang <jasowang@...hat.com>,
        "Poimboe, Josh" <jpoimboe@...hat.com>,
        "aarcange@...hat.com" <aarcange@...hat.com>,
        Cfir Cohen <cfir@...gle.com>, Marc Orr <marcorr@...gle.com>,
        "jbachmann@...gle.com" <jbachmann@...gle.com>,
        "pgonda@...gle.com" <pgonda@...gle.com>,
        "keescook@...omium.org" <keescook@...omium.org>,
        James Morris <jmorris@...ei.org>,
        Michael Kelley <mikelley@...rosoft.com>,
        "Lange, Jon" <jlange@...rosoft.com>,
        "linux-coco@...ts.linux.dev" <linux-coco@...ts.linux.dev>,
        Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@...wei.com>,
        linux-pci@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: Linux guest kernel threat model for Confidential Computing

* Lukas Wunner (lukas@...ner.de) wrote:
> [cc += Jonathan Cameron, linux-pci]
> 
> On Wed, Jan 25, 2023 at 02:57:40PM +0000, Dr. David Alan Gilbert wrote:
> > Greg Kroah-Hartman (gregkh@...uxfoundation.org) wrote:
> > > Great, so why not have hardware attestation also for your devices you
> > > wish to talk to?  Why not use that as well?  Then you don't have to
> > > worry about anything in the guest.
> > 
> > There were some talks at Plumbers where PCIe is working on adding that;
> > it's not there yet though.  I think that's PCIe 'Integrity and Data
> > Encryption' (IDE - sigh), and PCIe 'Security Prtocol and Data Model' -
> > SPDM.   I don't know much of the detail of those, just that they're far
> > enough off that people aren't depending on them yet.
> 
> CMA/SPDM (PCIe r6.0 sec 6.31) is in active development on this branch:
>
> https://github.com/l1k/linux/commits/doe

Thanks for the pointer - I'll go and hunt down that spec.

> It will allow for authentication of PCIe devices.  Goal is to submit
> this quarter (Q1).  Afterwards we'll look into retrieving measurements
> via CMA/SPDM and bringing up IDE encryption.
> 
> It's a kernel-native implementation which uses the existing crypto and
> keys infrastructure and is wired into the appropriate places in the
> PCI core to authenticate devices on enumeration and reauthenticate
> when CMA/SPDM state is lost (after resume from D3cold, after a
> Secondary Bus Reset and after a DPC-induced Hot Reset).
> 
> The device authentication service afforded here is generic.
> It is up to users and vendors to decide how to employ it,
> be it for "confidential computing" or something else.

As Samuel asks about who is doing the challenge; but I guess there are
also things like what happens when the host controls intermediate
switches and BAR access and when only VFs are passed to guests.

> Trusted root certificates to validate device certificates can be
> installed into a kernel keyring using the familiar keyctl(1) utility,
> but platform-specific roots of trust (such as a HSM) could be
> supported as well.
> 
> I would like to stress that this particular effort is a collaboration
> of multiple vendors.  It is decidedly not a single vendor trying to
> shoehorn something into upstream, so the criticism that has been
> leveled upthread against other things does not apply here.
> 
> The Plumbers BoF you're referring to was co-authored by Jonathan Cameron
> and me and its purpose was precisely to have an open discussion and
> align on an approach that works for everyone:
> 
> https://lpc.events/event/16/contributions/1304/
> 
> 
> >    a) there's no good way to authenticate a PCI device yet
> >      - any nasty device can claim to have a given PCI ID.
> 
> CMA/SPDM prescribes that the Subject Alternative Name of the device
> certificate contains the Vendor ID, Device ID, Subsystem Vendor ID,
> Subsystem ID, Class Code, Revision and Serial Number (PCIe r6.0
> sec 6.31.3).
> 
> Thus a forged Device ID in the Configuration Space Header will result
> in authentication failure.

Good!  It'll be nice when people figure out the CoCo integration for
that; I'm still guessing it's a little way off until we get hardware
for that.

Dave

> Thanks,
> 
> Lukas
> 
-- 
Dr. David Alan Gilbert / dgilbert@...hat.com / Manchester, UK