Date:   Thu, 2 Feb 2023 09:40:12 -0800
From:   Yang Shi <shy828301@...il.com>
To:     David Stevens <stevensd@...omium.org>
Cc:     Peter Xu <peterx@...hat.com>, David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com>,
        "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com>,
        linux-mm@...ck.org, Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, Hugh Dickins <hughd@...gle.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] mm/khugepaged: skip shmem with armed userfaultfd

On Thu, Feb 2, 2023 at 1:56 AM David Stevens <stevensd@...omium.org> wrote:
>
> On Thu, Feb 2, 2023 at 5:52 AM Peter Xu <peterx@...hat.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, Feb 01, 2023 at 09:36:37AM -0800, Yang Shi wrote:
> > > On Tue, Jan 31, 2023 at 7:42 PM David Stevens <stevensd@...omium.org> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > From: David Stevens <stevensd@...omium.org>
> > > >
> > > > Collapsing memory in a vma that has an armed userfaultfd results in
> > > > zero-filling any missing pages, which breaks user-space paging for those
> > > > filled pages. Avoid khugepage bypassing userfaultfd by not collapsing
> > > > pages in shmem reached via scanning a vma with an armed userfaultfd if
> > > > doing so would zero-fill any pages.
> > > >
> > > > Signed-off-by: David Stevens <stevensd@...omium.org>
> > > > ---
> > > >  mm/khugepaged.c | 35 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
> > > >  1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
> > > >
> > > > diff --git a/mm/khugepaged.c b/mm/khugepaged.c
> > > > index 79be13133322..48e944fb8972 100644
> > > > --- a/mm/khugepaged.c
> > > > +++ b/mm/khugepaged.c
> > > > @@ -1736,8 +1736,8 @@ static int retract_page_tables(struct address_space *mapping, pgoff_t pgoff,
> > > >   *    + restore gaps in the page cache;
> > > >   *    + unlock and free huge page;
> > > >   */
> > > > -static int collapse_file(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
> > > > -                        struct file *file, pgoff_t start,
> > > > +static int collapse_file(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> > > > +                        unsigned long addr, struct file *file, pgoff_t start,
> > > >                          struct collapse_control *cc)
> > > >  {
> > > >         struct address_space *mapping = file->f_mapping;
> > > > @@ -1784,6 +1784,9 @@ static int collapse_file(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
> > > >          * be able to map it or use it in another way until we unlock it.
> > > >          */
> > > >
> > > > +       if (is_shmem)
> > > > +               mmap_read_lock(mm);
> > >
> > > If you release mmap_lock before then reacquire it here, the vma is not
> > > trusted anymore. It is not safe to use the vma anymore.
> > >
> > > Since you already read uffd_was_armed before releasing mmap_lock, so
> > > you could pass it directly to collapse_file w/o dereferencing vma
> > > again. The problem may be false positive (not userfaultfd armed
> > > anymore), but it should be fine. Khugepaged could collapse this area
> > > in the next round.
>
> I didn't notice this race condition. It should be possible to adapt
> hugepage_vma_revalidate for this situation, or at least to create an
> analogous situation.

But once you release mmap_lock, the vma still may be changed,
revalidation just can guarantee the vma is valid when you hold the
mmap_lock unless mmap_lock is held for the whole collapse or at some
point that the collapse doesn't have impact on userfaultfd anymore. We
definitely don't want to hold mmap_lock for the whole collapse, but I
don't know whether we could release it earlier or not due to my
limited knowledge of userfaultfd.

>
> > Unfortunately that may not be enough.. because it's also possible that it
> > reads uffd_armed==false, released mmap_sem, passed it over to the scanner,
> > but then when scanning the file uffd got armed in parallel.
> >
> > There's another problem where the current vma may not have uffd armed,
> > khugepaged may think it has nothing to do with uffd and moved on with
> > collapsing, but actually it's armed in another vma of either the current mm
> > or just another mm's.
> >
> > It seems non-trivial too to safely check this across all the vmas, let's
> > say, by a reverse walk - the only safe way is to walk all the vmas and take
> > the write lock for every mm, but that's not only too heavy but also merely
> > impossible to always make it right because of deadlock issues and on the
> > order of mmap write lock to take..
> >
> > So far what I can still think of is, if we can extend shmem_inode_info and
> > have a counter showing how many uffd has been armed.  It can be a generic
> > counter too (e.g. shmem_inode_info.collapse_guard_counter) just to avoid
> > the page cache being collapsed under the hood, but I am also not aware of
> > whether it can be reused by other things besides uffd.
> >
> > Then when we do the real collapsing, say, when:
> >
> >                 xas_set_order(&xas, start, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
> >                 xas_store(&xas, hpage);
> >                 xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
> >
> > We may need to make sure that counter keeps static (probably by holding
> > some locks during the process) and we only do that last phase collapse if
> > counter==0.
> >
> > Similar checks in this patch can still be done, but that'll only service as
> > a role of failing faster before the ultimate check on the uffd_armed
> > counter.  Otherwise I just don't quickly see how to avoid race conditions.
>
> I don't know if it's necessary to go that far. Userfaultfd plus shmem
> is inherently brittle. It's possible for userspace to bypass
> userfaultfd on a shmem mapping by accessing the shmem through a
> different mapping or simply by using the write syscall. It might be
> sufficient to say that the kernel won't directly bypass a VMA's
> userfaultfd to collapse the underlying shmem's pages. Although on the
> other hand, I guess it's not great for the presence of an unused shmem
> mapping lying around to cause khugepaged to have user-visible side
> effects.
>
> -David
>
> > It'll be great if someone can come up with something better than above..
> > Copy Hugh too.
> >
> > Thanks,
> >
> > --
> > Peter Xu
> >

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