Message-ID: <178ca008701147828d2e62402ff4f78a@EXMBX066.cuchost.com>
Date:   Mon, 27 Feb 2023 10:52:32 +0000
From:   JeeHeng Sia <jeeheng.sia@...rfivetech.com>
To:     Andrew Jones <ajones@...tanamicro.com>
CC:     "paul.walmsley@...ive.com" <paul.walmsley@...ive.com>,
        "palmer@...belt.com" <palmer@...belt.com>,
        "aou@...s.berkeley.edu" <aou@...s.berkeley.edu>,
        "linux-riscv@...ts.infradead.org" <linux-riscv@...ts.infradead.org>,
        "linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Leyfoon Tan <leyfoon.tan@...rfivetech.com>,
        Mason Huo <mason.huo@...rfivetech.com>
Subject: RE: [PATCH v4 4/4] RISC-V: Add arch functions to support
 hibernation/suspend-to-disk



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Andrew Jones <ajones@...tanamicro.com>
> Sent: Monday, 27 February, 2023 4:00 PM
> To: JeeHeng Sia <jeeheng.sia@...rfivetech.com>
> Cc: paul.walmsley@...ive.com; palmer@...belt.com; aou@...s.berkeley.edu; linux-riscv@...ts.infradead.org; linux-
> kernel@...r.kernel.org; Leyfoon Tan <leyfoon.tan@...rfivetech.com>; Mason Huo <mason.huo@...rfivetech.com>
> Subject: Re: [PATCH v4 4/4] RISC-V: Add arch functions to support hibernation/suspend-to-disk
> 
> On Mon, Feb 27, 2023 at 02:14:27AM +0000, JeeHeng Sia wrote:
> >
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Andrew Jones <ajones@...tanamicro.com>
> > > Sent: Friday, 24 February, 2023 8:07 PM
> > > To: JeeHeng Sia <jeeheng.sia@...rfivetech.com>
> > > Cc: paul.walmsley@...ive.com; palmer@...belt.com; aou@...s.berkeley.edu; linux-riscv@...ts.infradead.org; linux-
> > > kernel@...r.kernel.org; Leyfoon Tan <leyfoon.tan@...rfivetech.com>; Mason Huo <mason.huo@...rfivetech.com>
> > > Subject: Re: [PATCH v4 4/4] RISC-V: Add arch functions to support hibernation/suspend-to-disk
> > >
> > > On Fri, Feb 24, 2023 at 10:30:19AM +0000, JeeHeng Sia wrote:
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: Andrew Jones <ajones@...tanamicro.com>
> > > > > Sent: Friday, 24 February, 2023 5:55 PM
> > > > > To: JeeHeng Sia <jeeheng.sia@...rfivetech.com>
> > > > > Cc: paul.walmsley@...ive.com; palmer@...belt.com; aou@...s.berkeley.edu; linux-riscv@...ts.infradead.org; linux-
> > > > > kernel@...r.kernel.org; Leyfoon Tan <leyfoon.tan@...rfivetech.com>; Mason Huo <mason.huo@...rfivetech.com>
> > > > > Subject: Re: [PATCH v4 4/4] RISC-V: Add arch functions to support hibernation/suspend-to-disk
> > > > >
> > > > > On Fri, Feb 24, 2023 at 09:33:31AM +0000, JeeHeng Sia wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > > From: Andrew Jones <ajones@...tanamicro.com>
> > > > > > > Sent: Friday, 24 February, 2023 5:00 PM
> > > > > > > To: JeeHeng Sia <jeeheng.sia@...rfivetech.com>
> > > > > > > Cc: paul.walmsley@...ive.com; palmer@...belt.com; aou@...s.berkeley.edu; linux-riscv@...ts.infradead.org; linux-
> > > > > > > kernel@...r.kernel.org; Leyfoon Tan <leyfoon.tan@...rfivetech.com>; Mason Huo <mason.huo@...rfivetech.com>
> > > > > > > Subject: Re: [PATCH v4 4/4] RISC-V: Add arch functions to support hibernation/suspend-to-disk
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > On Fri, Feb 24, 2023 at 02:05:43AM +0000, JeeHeng Sia wrote:
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > > > > > From: Andrew Jones <ajones@...tanamicro.com>
> > > > > > > > > Sent: Friday, 24 February, 2023 2:07 AM
> > > > > > > > > To: JeeHeng Sia <jeeheng.sia@...rfivetech.com>
> > > > > > > > > Cc: paul.walmsley@...ive.com; palmer@...belt.com; aou@...s.berkeley.edu; linux-riscv@...ts.infradead.org; linux-
> > > > > > > > > kernel@...r.kernel.org; Leyfoon Tan <leyfoon.tan@...rfivetech.com>; Mason Huo <mason.huo@...rfivetech.com>
> > > > > > > > > Subject: Re: [PATCH v4 4/4] RISC-V: Add arch functions to support hibernation/suspend-to-disk
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > On Tue, Feb 21, 2023 at 10:35:23AM +0800, Sia Jee Heng wrote:
> > > > > > > > > > Low level Arch functions were created to support hibernation.
> > > > > > > > > > swsusp_arch_suspend() relies code from __cpu_suspend_enter() to write
> > > > > > > > > > cpu state onto the stack, then calling swsusp_save() to save the memory
> > > > > > > > > > image.
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > Arch specific hibernation header is implemented and is utilized by the
> > > > > > > > > > arch_hibernation_header_restore() and arch_hibernation_header_save()
> > > > > > > > > > functions. The arch specific hibernation header consists of satp, hartid,
> > > > > > > > > > and the cpu_resume address. The kernel built version is also need to be
> > > > > > > > > > saved into the hibernation image header to making sure only the same
> > > > > > > > > > kernel is restore when resume.
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > swsusp_arch_resume() creates a temporary page table that covering only
> > > > > > > > > > the linear map. It copies the restore code to a 'safe' page, then start
> > > > > > > > > > to restore the memory image. Once completed, it restores the original
> > > > > > > > > > kernel's page table. It then calls into __hibernate_cpu_resume()
> > > > > > > > > > to restore the CPU context. Finally, it follows the normal hibernation
> > > > > > > > > > path back to the hibernation core.
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > To enable hibernation/suspend to disk into RISCV, the below config
> > > > > > > > > > need to be enabled:
> > > > > > > > > > - CONFIG_ARCH_HIBERNATION_HEADER
> > > > > > > > > > - CONFIG_ARCH_HIBERNATION_POSSIBLE
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > Signed-off-by: Sia Jee Heng <jeeheng.sia@...rfivetech.com>
> > > > > > > > > > Reviewed-by: Ley Foon Tan <leyfoon.tan@...rfivetech.com>
> > > > > > > > > > Reviewed-by: Mason Huo <mason.huo@...rfivetech.com>
> > > > > > > > > > ---
> > > > > > > > > >  arch/riscv/Kconfig                 |   7 +
> > > > > > > > > >  arch/riscv/include/asm/assembler.h |  20 ++
> > > > > > > > > >  arch/riscv/include/asm/suspend.h   |  19 ++
> > > > > > > > > >  arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile         |   1 +
> > > > > > > > > >  arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c    |   5 +
> > > > > > > > > >  arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate-asm.S  |  77 +++++
> > > > > > > > > >  arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate.c      | 447 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > > > > > > > > >  7 files changed, 576 insertions(+)
> > > > > > > > > >  create mode 100644 arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate-asm.S
> > > > > > > > > >  create mode 100644 arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate.c
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > diff --git a/arch/riscv/Kconfig b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
> > > > > > > > > > index e2b656043abf..4555848a817f 100644
> > > > > > > > > > --- a/arch/riscv/Kconfig
> > > > > > > > > > +++ b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
> > > > > > > > > > @@ -690,6 +690,13 @@ menu "Power management options"
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > >  source "kernel/power/Kconfig"
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > +config ARCH_HIBERNATION_POSSIBLE
> > > > > > > > > > +	def_bool y
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +config ARCH_HIBERNATION_HEADER
> > > > > > > > > > +	def_bool y
> > > > > > > > > > +	depends on HIBERNATION
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > nit: I think this can be simplified as def_bool HIBERNATION
> > > > > > > > good suggestion. will change it.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > >  endmenu # "Power management options"
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > >  menu "CPU Power Management"
> > > > > > > > > > diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/assembler.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/assembler.h
> > > > > > > > > > index 727a97735493..68c46c0e0ea8 100644
> > > > > > > > > > --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/assembler.h
> > > > > > > > > > +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/assembler.h
> > > > > > > > > > @@ -59,4 +59,24 @@
> > > > > > > > > >  		REG_L	s11, (SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS + PT_S11)(a0)
> > > > > > > > > >  	.endm
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > +/*
> > > > > > > > > > + * copy_page - copy 1 page (4KB) of data from source to destination
> > > > > > > > > > + * @a0 - destination
> > > > > > > > > > + * @a1 - source
> > > > > > > > > > + */
> > > > > > > > > > +	.macro	copy_page a0, a1
> > > > > > > > > > +		lui	a2, 0x1
> > > > > > > > > > +		add	a2, a2, a0
> > > > > > > > > > +1 :
> > > > > > > > >     ^ please remove this space
> > > > > > > > can't remove it otherwise checkpatch will throws ERROR: spaces required around that ':'
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Oh, right, labels in macros have this requirement.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > +		REG_L	t0, 0(a1)
> > > > > > > > > > +		REG_L	t1, SZREG(a1)
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +		REG_S	t0, 0(a0)
> > > > > > > > > > +		REG_S	t1, SZREG(a0)
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +		addi	a0, a0, 2 * SZREG
> > > > > > > > > > +		addi	a1, a1, 2 * SZREG
> > > > > > > > > > +		bne	a2, a0, 1b
> > > > > > > > > > +	.endm
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > >  #endif	/* __ASM_ASSEMBLER_H */
> > > > > > > > > > diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/suspend.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/suspend.h
> > > > > > > > > > index 75419c5ca272..3362da56a9d8 100644
> > > > > > > > > > --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/suspend.h
> > > > > > > > > > +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/suspend.h
> > > > > > > > > > @@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ struct suspend_context {
> > > > > > > > > >  #endif
> > > > > > > > > >  };
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > +/*
> > > > > > > > > > + * Used by hibernation core and cleared during resume sequence
> > > > > > > > > > + */
> > > > > > > > > > +extern int in_suspend;
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > >  /* Low-level CPU suspend entry function */
> > > > > > > > > >  int __cpu_suspend_enter(struct suspend_context *context);
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > @@ -36,4 +41,18 @@ int __cpu_resume_enter(unsigned long hartid, unsigned long context);
> > > > > > > > > >  /* Used to save and restore the csr */
> > > > > > > > > >  void suspend_save_csrs(struct suspend_context *context);
> > > > > > > > > >  void suspend_restore_csrs(struct suspend_context *context);
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +/* Low-level API to support hibernation */
> > > > > > > > > > +int swsusp_arch_suspend(void);
> > > > > > > > > > +int swsusp_arch_resume(void);
> > > > > > > > > > +int arch_hibernation_header_save(void *addr, unsigned int max_size);
> > > > > > > > > > +int arch_hibernation_header_restore(void *addr);
> > > > > > > > > > +int __hibernate_cpu_resume(void);
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +/* Used to resume on the CPU we hibernated on */
> > > > > > > > > > +int hibernate_resume_nonboot_cpu_disable(void);
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +asmlinkage void hibernate_restore_image(unsigned long resume_satp, unsigned long satp_temp,
> > > > > > > > > > +					unsigned long cpu_resume);
> > > > > > > > > > +asmlinkage int hibernate_core_restore_code(void);
> > > > > > > > > >  #endif
> > > > > > > > > > diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile b/arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile
> > > > > > > > > > index 4cf303a779ab..daab341d55e4 100644
> > > > > > > > > > --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile
> > > > > > > > > > +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/Makefile
> > > > > > > > > > @@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_MODULES)		+= module.o
> > > > > > > > > >  obj-$(CONFIG_MODULE_SECTIONS)	+= module-sections.o
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > >  obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_PM)		+= suspend_entry.o suspend.o
> > > > > > > > > > +obj-$(CONFIG_HIBERNATION)	+= hibernate.o hibernate-asm.o
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > >  obj-$(CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER)	+= mcount.o ftrace.o
> > > > > > > > > >  obj-$(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE)	+= mcount-dyn.o
> > > > > > > > > > diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c b/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c
> > > > > > > > > > index df9444397908..d6a75aac1d27 100644
> > > > > > > > > > --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c
> > > > > > > > > > +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/asm-offsets.c
> > > > > > > > > > @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
> > > > > > > > > >  #include <linux/kbuild.h>
> > > > > > > > > >  #include <linux/mm.h>
> > > > > > > > > >  #include <linux/sched.h>
> > > > > > > > > > +#include <linux/suspend.h>
> > > > > > > > > >  #include <asm/kvm_host.h>
> > > > > > > > > >  #include <asm/thread_info.h>
> > > > > > > > > >  #include <asm/ptrace.h>
> > > > > > > > > > @@ -116,6 +117,10 @@ void asm_offsets(void)
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > >  	OFFSET(SUSPEND_CONTEXT_REGS, suspend_context, regs);
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > +	OFFSET(HIBERN_PBE_ADDR, pbe, address);
> > > > > > > > > > +	OFFSET(HIBERN_PBE_ORIG, pbe, orig_address);
> > > > > > > > > > +	OFFSET(HIBERN_PBE_NEXT, pbe, next);
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > >  	OFFSET(KVM_ARCH_GUEST_ZERO, kvm_vcpu_arch, guest_context.zero);
> > > > > > > > > >  	OFFSET(KVM_ARCH_GUEST_RA, kvm_vcpu_arch, guest_context.ra);
> > > > > > > > > >  	OFFSET(KVM_ARCH_GUEST_SP, kvm_vcpu_arch, guest_context.sp);
> > > > > > > > > > diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate-asm.S b/arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate-asm.S
> > > > > > > > > > new file mode 100644
> > > > > > > > > > index 000000000000..846affe4dced
> > > > > > > > > > --- /dev/null
> > > > > > > > > > +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/hibernate-asm.S
> > > > > > > > > > @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
> > > > > > > > > > +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
> > > > > > > > > > +/*
> > > > > > > > > > + * Hibernation low level support for RISCV.
> > > > > > > > > > + *
> > > > > > > > > > + * Copyright (C) 2023 StarFive Technology Co., Ltd.
> > > > > > > > > > + *
> > > > > > > > > > + * Author: Jee Heng Sia <jeeheng.sia@...rfivetech.com>
> > > > > > > > > > + */
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +#include <asm/asm.h>
> > > > > > > > > > +#include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
> > > > > > > > > > +#include <asm/assembler.h>
> > > > > > > > > > +#include <asm/csr.h>
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +#include <linux/linkage.h>
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +/*
> > > > > > > > > > + * int __hibernate_cpu_resume(void)
> > > > > > > > > > + * Switch back to the hibernated image's page table prior to restoring the CPU
> > > > > > > > > > + * context.
> > > > > > > > > > + *
> > > > > > > > > > + * Always returns 0
> > > > > > > > > > + */
> > > > > > > > > > +ENTRY(__hibernate_cpu_resume)
> > > > > > > > > > +	/* switch to hibernated image's page table. */
> > > > > > > > > > +	csrw CSR_SATP, s0
> > > > > > > > > > +	sfence.vma
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +	REG_L	a0, hibernate_cpu_context
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +	restore_csr
> > > > > > > > > > +	restore_reg
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +	/* Return zero value. */
> > > > > > > > > > +	add	a0, zero, zero
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > nit: mv a0, zero
> > > > > > > > sure
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +	ret
> > > > > > > > > > +END(__hibernate_cpu_resume)
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +/*
> > > > > > > > > > + * Prepare to restore the image.
> > > > > > > > > > + * a0: satp of saved page tables.
> > > > > > > > > > + * a1: satp of temporary page tables.
> > > > > > > > > > + * a2: cpu_resume.
> > > > > > > > > > + */
> > > > > > > > > > +ENTRY(hibernate_restore_image)
> > > > > > > > > > +	mv	s0, a0
> > > > > > > > > > +	mv	s1, a1
> > > > > > > > > > +	mv	s2, a2
> > > > > > > > > > +	REG_L	s4, restore_pblist
> > > > > > > > > > +	REG_L	a1, relocated_restore_code
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +	jalr	a1
> > > > > > > > > > +END(hibernate_restore_image)
> > > > > > > > > > +
> > > > > > > > > > +/*
> > > > > > > > > > + * The below code will be executed from a 'safe' page.
> > > > > > > > > > + * It first switches to the temporary page table, then starts to copy the pages
> > > > > > > > > > + * back to the original memory location. Finally, it jumps to __hibernate_cpu_resume()
> > > > > > > > > > + * to restore the CPU context.
> > > > > > > > > > + */
> > > > > > > > > > +ENTRY(hibernate_core_restore_code)
> > > > > > > > > > +	/* switch to temp page table. */
> > > > > > > > > > +	csrw satp, s1
> > > > > > > > > > +	sfence.vma
> > > > > > > > > > +.Lcopy:
> > > > > > > > > > +	/* The below code will restore the hibernated image. */
> > > > > > > > > > +	REG_L	a1, HIBERN_PBE_ADDR(s4)
> > > > > > > > > > +	REG_L	a0, HIBERN_PBE_ORIG(s4)
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Are we sure restore_pblist will never be NULL?
> > > > > > > > restore_pblist is a link-list, it will be null during initialization or during page clean up by hibernation core. During the initial
> > > > > resume
> > > > > > > process, the hibernation core will check the header and load the pages. If everything works correctly, the page will be linked
> to
> > > the
> > > > > > > restore_pblist and then invoke swsusp_arch_resume() else hibernation core will throws error and failed to resume from
> the
> > > > > > > hibernated image.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > I know restore_pblist is a linked-list and this doesn't answer the
> > > > > > > question. The comment above restore_pblist says
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > /*
> > > > > > >  * List of PBEs needed for restoring the pages that were allocated before
> > > > > > >  * the suspend and included in the suspend image, but have also been
> > > > > > >  * allocated by the "resume" kernel, so their contents cannot be written
> > > > > > >  * directly to their "original" page frames.
> > > > > > >  */
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > which implies the pages that end up on this list are "special". My
> > > > > > > question is whether or not we're guaranteed to have at least one
> > > > > > > of these special pages. If not, we shouldn't assume s4 is non-null.
> > > > > > > If so, then a comment stating why that's guaranteed would be nice.
> > > > > > The restore_pblist will not be null otherwise swsusp_arch_resume wouldn't get invoked. you can find how the link-list are
> link
> > > and
> > > > > how it checks against validity at https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.2-rc8/source/kernel/power/snapshot.c . " A comment
> stating
> > > why
> > > > > that's guaranteed would be nice" ? Hmm, perhaps this is out of my scope but I do believe in the page validity checking in the
> link I
> > > > > shared.
> > > > >
> > > > > Sorry, but pointing to an entire source file (one that I've obviously
> > > > > already looked at, since I quoted a comment from it...) is not helpful.
> > > > > I don't see where restore_pblist is being checked before
> > > > > swsusp_arch_resume() is issued (from its callsite in hibernate.c).
> > > > Sure, below shows the hibernation flow for your reference. The link-list creation and checking found at:
> > > https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.2/source/kernel/power/snapshot.c#L2576
> > > > software_resume()
> > > > 	load_image_and_restore()
> > > > 		swsusp_read()
> > > > 			load_image()
> > > >  				snapshot_write_next()
> > > > 					get_buffer() <-- This is the function checks and links the pages to the restore_pblist
> > >
> > > Yup, I've read this path, including get_buffer(), where I saw that
> > > get_buffer() can return an address without allocating a PBE. Where is the
> > > check that restore_pblist isn't NULL, i.e. we see that at least one PBE
> > > has been allocated by get_buffer(), before we call swsusp_arch_resume()?
> > >
> > > Or, is known that at least one or more pages match the criteria pointed
> > > out in the comment below (copied from get_buffer())?
> > >
> > >         /*
> > >          * The "original" page frame has not been allocated and we have to
> > >          * use a "safe" page frame to store the loaded page.
> > >          */
> > >
> > > If so, then which ones? And where does it state that?
> > Let's look at the below pseudocode and hope it clear your doubt. restore_pblist depends on safe_page_list and pbe and both
> pointers are checked. I couldn't find from where the restore_pblist will be null..
> > 	//Pseudocode to illustrate the image loading
> > 	initialize restore_pblist to null;
> > 	initialize safe_pages_list to null;
> > 	Allocate safe page list, return error if failed;
> > 	load image;
> > loop:	Create pbe chain, return error if failed;
> 
> This loop pseudocode is incomplete. It's
> 
> loop:
>         if (swsusp_page_is_forbidden(page) && swsusp_page_is_free(page))
> 	   return page_address(page);
> 	Create pbe chain, return error if failed;
> 	...
> 
> which I pointed out explicitly in my last reply. Also, as I asked in my
> last reply (and have been asking four times now, albeit less explicitly
> the first two times), how do we know at least one PBE will be linked?
1 PBE correspond to 1 page, you shouldn't expect only 1 page is saved. Hibernation core will do the calculation. If the PBEs (restore_pblist) linked successfully, the hibernated image will be restore else normal boot will take place.
> Or, even more specifically this time, where is the proof that for each
> hibernation resume, there exists some page such that
> !swsusp_page_is_forbidden(page) or !swsusp_page_is_free(page) is true?
forbidden_pages and free_pages are not contributed to the restore_pblist (as you already aware from the code). Infact, the forbidden_pages and free_pages are not save into the disk.
> 
> Thanks,
> drew
> 
> > 	assign orig_addr and safe_page to pbe;
> > 	link pbe to restore_pblist;
> > 	return pbe to handle->buffer;
> > 	check handle->buffer;
> > 	goto loop if no error else return with error;
> > >
> > > Thanks,
> > > drew
> > >
> > >
> > > > 		hibernation_restore()
> > > > 			resume_target_kernel()
> > > > 				swsusp_arch_resume()
> > > > >
> > > > > Thanks,
> > > > > drew

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