Message-ID: <851940cd-64f1-9e59-3de9-b50701a99281@redhat.com>
Date:   Tue, 16 May 2023 14:35:23 +0200
From:   David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com>
To:     Peter Collingbourne <pcc@...gle.com>,
        Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>
Cc:     Qun-wei Lin (林群崴) 
        <Qun-wei.Lin@...iatek.com>, linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org,
        linux-mm@...ck.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        "surenb@...gle.com" <surenb@...gle.com>,
        Chinwen Chang (張錦文) 
        <chinwen.chang@...iatek.com>,
        "kasan-dev@...glegroups.com" <kasan-dev@...glegroups.com>,
        Kuan-Ying Lee (李冠穎) 
        <Kuan-Ying.Lee@...iatek.com>,
        Casper Li (李中榮) <casper.li@...iatek.com>,
        "gregkh@...uxfoundation.org" <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        vincenzo.frascino@....com,
        Alexandru Elisei <alexandru.elisei@....com>, will@...nel.org,
        eugenis@...gle.com, Steven Price <steven.price@....com>,
        stable@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH 1/3] mm: Move arch_do_swap_page() call to before
 swap_free()

On 16.05.23 01:40, Peter Collingbourne wrote:
> On Mon, May 15, 2023 at 06:34:30PM +0100, Catalin Marinas wrote:
>> On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 05:29:53AM +0200, David Hildenbrand wrote:
>>> On 13.05.23 01:57, Peter Collingbourne wrote:
>>>> diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
>>>> index 01a23ad48a04..83268d287ff1 100644
>>>> --- a/mm/memory.c
>>>> +++ b/mm/memory.c
>>>> @@ -3914,19 +3914,7 @@ vm_fault_t do_swap_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
>>>>    		}
>>>>    	}
>>>> -	/*
>>>> -	 * Remove the swap entry and conditionally try to free up the swapcache.
>>>> -	 * We're already holding a reference on the page but haven't mapped it
>>>> -	 * yet.
>>>> -	 */
>>>> -	swap_free(entry);
>>>> -	if (should_try_to_free_swap(folio, vma, vmf->flags))
>>>> -		folio_free_swap(folio);
>>>> -
>>>> -	inc_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_ANONPAGES);
>>>> -	dec_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_SWAPENTS);
>>>>    	pte = mk_pte(page, vma->vm_page_prot);
>>>> -
>>>>    	/*
>>>>    	 * Same logic as in do_wp_page(); however, optimize for pages that are
>>>>    	 * certainly not shared either because we just allocated them without
>>>> @@ -3946,8 +3934,21 @@ vm_fault_t do_swap_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
>>>>    		pte = pte_mksoft_dirty(pte);
>>>>    	if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(vmf->orig_pte))
>>>>    		pte = pte_mkuffd_wp(pte);
>>>> +	arch_do_swap_page(vma->vm_mm, vma, vmf->address, pte, vmf->orig_pte);
>>>>    	vmf->orig_pte = pte;
>>>> +	/*
>>>> +	 * Remove the swap entry and conditionally try to free up the swapcache.
>>>> +	 * We're already holding a reference on the page but haven't mapped it
>>>> +	 * yet.
>>>> +	 */
>>>> +	swap_free(entry);
>>>> +	if (should_try_to_free_swap(folio, vma, vmf->flags))
>>>> +		folio_free_swap(folio);
>>>> +
>>>> +	inc_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_ANONPAGES);
>>>> +	dec_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_SWAPENTS);
>>>> +
>>>>    	/* ksm created a completely new copy */
>>>>    	if (unlikely(folio != swapcache && swapcache)) {
>>>>    		page_add_new_anon_rmap(page, vma, vmf->address);
>>>> @@ -3959,7 +3960,6 @@ vm_fault_t do_swap_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
>>>>    	VM_BUG_ON(!folio_test_anon(folio) ||
>>>>    			(pte_write(pte) && !PageAnonExclusive(page)));
>>>>    	set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, vmf->address, vmf->pte, pte);
>>>> -	arch_do_swap_page(vma->vm_mm, vma, vmf->address, pte, vmf->orig_pte);
>>>>    	folio_unlock(folio);
>>>>    	if (folio != swapcache && swapcache) {
>>>
>>>
>>> You are moving the folio_free_swap() call after the folio_ref_count(folio)
>>> == 1 check, which means that such (previously) swapped pages that are
>>> exclusive cannot be detected as exclusive.
>>>
>>> There must be a better way to handle MTE here.
>>>
>>> Where are the tags stored, how is the location identified, and when are they
>>> effectively restored right now?
>>
>> I haven't gone through Peter's patches yet but a pretty good description
>> of the problem is here:
>> https://lore.kernel.org/all/5050805753ac469e8d727c797c2218a9d780d434.camel@mediatek.com/.
>> I couldn't reproduce it with my swap setup but both Qun-wei and Peter
>> triggered it.
> 
> In order to reproduce this bug it is necessary for the swap slot cache
> to be disabled, which is unlikely to occur during normal operation. I
> was only able to reproduce the bug by disabling it forcefully with the
> following patch:
> 
> diff --git a/mm/swap_slots.c b/mm/swap_slots.c
> index 0bec1f705f8e0..25afba16980c7 100644
> --- a/mm/swap_slots.c
> +++ b/mm/swap_slots.c
> @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ void disable_swap_slots_cache_lock(void)
>   
>   static void __reenable_swap_slots_cache(void)
>   {
> -	swap_slot_cache_enabled = has_usable_swap();
> +	swap_slot_cache_enabled = false;
>   }
>   
>   void reenable_swap_slots_cache_unlock(void)
> 
> With that I can trigger the bug on an MTE-utilizing process by running
> a program that enumerates the process's private anonymous mappings and
> calls process_madvise(MADV_PAGEOUT) on all of them.
> 
>> When a tagged page is swapped out, the arm64 code stores the metadata
>> (tags) in a local xarray indexed by the swap pte. When restoring from
>> swap, the arm64 set_pte_at() checks this xarray using the old swap pte
>> and spills the tags onto the new page. Apparently something changed in
>> the kernel recently that causes swap_range_free() to be called before
>> set_pte_at(). The arm64 arch_swap_invalidate_page() frees the metadata
>> from the xarray and the subsequent set_pte_at() won't find it.
>>
>> If we have the page, the metadata can be restored before set_pte_at()
>> and I guess that's what Peter is trying to do (again, I haven't looked
>> at the details yet; leaving it for tomorrow).
>>
>> Is there any other way of handling this? E.g. not release the metadata
>> in arch_swap_invalidate_page() but later in set_pte_at() once it was
>> restored. But then we may leak this metadata if there's no set_pte_at()
>> (the process mapping the swap entry died).
> 
> Another problem that I can see with this approach is that it does not
> respect reference counts for swap entries, and it's unclear whether that
> can be done in a non-racy fashion.
> 
> Another approach that I considered was to move the hook to swap_readpage()
> as in the patch below (sorry, it only applies to an older version
> of Android's android14-6.1 branch and not mainline, but you get the
> idea). But during a stress test (running the aforementioned program that
> calls process_madvise(MADV_PAGEOUT) in a loop during an Android "monkey"
> test) I discovered the following racy use-after-free that can occur when
> two tasks T1 and T2 concurrently restore the same page:
> 
> T1:                  | T2:
> arch_swap_readpage() |
>                       | arch_swap_readpage() -> mte_restore_tags() -> xe_load()
> swap_free()          |
>                       | arch_swap_readpage() -> mte_restore_tags() -> mte_restore_page_tags()
> 
> We can avoid it by taking the swap_info_struct::lock spinlock in
> mte_restore_tags(), but it seems like it would lead to lock contention.
> 

Would the idea be to fail swap_readpage() on the one that comes last, 
simply retrying to lookup the page?

This might be a naive question, but how does MTE play along with shared 
anonymous pages?

-- 
Thanks,

David / dhildenb

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