linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v11 19/20] x86/mce: Improve error log of kernel space TDX #MC due to erratum

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Message-ID: <20230612075910.jqkiofjm6mkdl7cy@box.shutemov.name>
Date:   Mon, 12 Jun 2023 10:59:10 +0300
From:   "kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com" <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com>
To:     "Huang, Kai" <kai.huang@...el.com>
Cc:     "kvm@...r.kernel.org" <kvm@...r.kernel.org>,
        "Hansen, Dave" <dave.hansen@...el.com>,
        "david@...hat.com" <david@...hat.com>,
        "bagasdotme@...il.com" <bagasdotme@...il.com>,
        "ak@...ux.intel.com" <ak@...ux.intel.com>,
        "Wysocki, Rafael J" <rafael.j.wysocki@...el.com>,
        "linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        "Chatre, Reinette" <reinette.chatre@...el.com>,
        "Christopherson,, Sean" <seanjc@...gle.com>,
        "pbonzini@...hat.com" <pbonzini@...hat.com>,
        "tglx@...utronix.de" <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        "linux-mm@...ck.org" <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
        "Yamahata, Isaku" <isaku.yamahata@...el.com>,
        "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@...el.com>,
        "peterz@...radead.org" <peterz@...radead.org>,
        "Shahar, Sagi" <sagis@...gle.com>,
        "imammedo@...hat.com" <imammedo@...hat.com>,
        "Gao, Chao" <chao.gao@...el.com>,
        "Brown, Len" <len.brown@...el.com>,
        "sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@...ux.intel.com" 
        <sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@...ux.intel.com>,
        "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@...el.com>,
        "Williams, Dan J" <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v11 19/20] x86/mce: Improve error log of kernel space TDX
 #MC due to erratum

On Mon, Jun 12, 2023 at 03:08:40AM +0000, Huang, Kai wrote:
> On Fri, 2023-06-09 at 16:17 +0300, kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com wrote:
> > On Mon, Jun 05, 2023 at 02:27:32AM +1200, Kai Huang wrote:
> > > The first few generations of TDX hardware have an erratum.  Triggering
> > > it in Linux requires some kind of kernel bug involving relatively exotic
> > > memory writes to TDX private memory and will manifest via
> > > spurious-looking machine checks when reading the affected memory.
> > > 
> > > == Background ==
> > > 
> > > Virtually all kernel memory accesses operations happen in full
> > > cachelines.  In practice, writing a "byte" of memory usually reads a 64
> > > byte cacheline of memory, modifies it, then writes the whole line back.
> > > Those operations do not trigger this problem.
> > > 
> > > This problem is triggered by "partial" writes where a write transaction
> > > of less than cacheline lands at the memory controller.  The CPU does
> > > these via non-temporal write instructions (like MOVNTI), or through
> > > UC/WC memory mappings.  The issue can also be triggered away from the
> > > CPU by devices doing partial writes via DMA.
> > > 
> > > == Problem ==
> > > 
> > > A partial write to a TDX private memory cacheline will silently "poison"
> > > the line.  Subsequent reads will consume the poison and generate a
> > > machine check.  According to the TDX hardware spec, neither of these
> > > things should have happened.
> > > 
> > > To add insult to injury, the Linux machine code will present these as a
> > > literal "Hardware error" when they were, in fact, a software-triggered
> > > issue.
> > > 
> > > == Solution ==
> > > 
> > > In the end, this issue is hard to trigger.  Rather than do something
> > > rash (and incomplete) like unmap TDX private memory from the direct map,
> > > improve the machine check handler.
> > > 
> > > Currently, the #MC handler doesn't distinguish whether the memory is
> > > TDX private memory or not but just dump, for instance, below message:
> > > 
> > >  [...] mce: [Hardware Error]: CPU 147: Machine Check Exception: f Bank 1: bd80000000100134
> > >  [...] mce: [Hardware Error]: RIP 10:<ffffffffadb69870> {__tlb_remove_page_size+0x10/0xa0}
> > >  	...
> > >  [...] mce: [Hardware Error]: Run the above through 'mcelog --ascii'
> > >  [...] mce: [Hardware Error]: Machine check: Data load in unrecoverable area of kernel
> > >  [...] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal local machine check
> > > 
> > > Which says "Hardware Error" and "Data load in unrecoverable area of
> > > kernel".
> > > 
> > > Ideally, it's better for the log to say "software bug around TDX private
> > > memory" instead of "Hardware Error".  But in reality the real hardware
> > > memory error can happen, and sadly such software-triggered #MC cannot be
> > > distinguished from the real hardware error.  Also, the error message is
> > > used by userspace tool 'mcelog' to parse, so changing the output may
> > > break userspace.
> > > 
> > > So keep the "Hardware Error".  The "Data load in unrecoverable area of
> > > kernel" is also helpful, so keep it too.
> > > 
> > > Instead of modifying above error log, improve the error log by printing
> > > additional TDX related message to make the log like:
> > > 
> > >   ...
> > >  [...] mce: [Hardware Error]: Machine check: Data load in unrecoverable area of kernel
> > >  [...] mce: [Hardware Error]: Machine Check: Memory error from TDX private memory. May be result of CPU erratum.
> > 
> > The message mentions one part of issue -- CPU erratum -- but misses the
> > other required part -- kernel bug that makes kernel access the memory it
> > not suppose to.
> > 
> 
> How about below?
> 
> "Memory error from TDX private memory. May be result of CPU erratum caused by
> kernel bug."

Fine, I guess.

-- 
  Kiryl Shutsemau / Kirill A. Shutemov