Message-Id: <20230731064133.3881-6-xin3.li@intel.com>
Date:   Sun, 30 Jul 2023 23:41:32 -0700
From:   Xin Li <xin3.li@...el.com>
To:     linux-doc@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-edac@...r.kernel.org, linux-hyperv@...r.kernel.org,
        kvm@...r.kernel.org, xen-devel@...ts.xenproject.org
Cc:     Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>, Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>, x86@...nel.org,
        "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>,
        Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>,
        Oleg Nesterov <oleg@...hat.com>,
        Tony Luck <tony.luck@...el.com>,
        "K . Y . Srinivasan" <kys@...rosoft.com>,
        Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@...rosoft.com>,
        Wei Liu <wei.liu@...nel.org>, Dexuan Cui <decui@...rosoft.com>,
        Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@...hat.com>,
        Wanpeng Li <wanpengli@...cent.com>,
        Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@...hat.com>,
        Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Juergen Gross <jgross@...e.com>,
        Stefano Stabellini <sstabellini@...nel.org>,
        Oleksandr Tyshchenko <oleksandr_tyshchenko@...m.com>,
        Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...nel.org>,
        "Paul E . McKenney" <paulmck@...nel.org>,
        Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>,
        Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@...radead.org>,
        Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
        Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@....com>,
        Xin Li <xin3.li@...el.com>,
        Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@...il.com>,
        "Liam R . Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@...cle.com>,
        Sebastian Reichel <sebastian.reichel@...labora.com>,
        "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com>,
        Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@...gle.com>,
        Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@...ux.intel.com>,
        Jiaxi Chen <jiaxi.chen@...ux.intel.com>,
        Babu Moger <babu.moger@....com>,
        Jim Mattson <jmattson@...gle.com>,
        Sandipan Das <sandipan.das@....com>,
        Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@...il.com>,
        Hans de Goede <hdegoede@...hat.com>,
        Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@...el.com>,
        Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@...ux.intel.com>,
        Breno Leitao <leitao@...ian.org>,
        Nikunj A Dadhania <nikunj@....com>,
        Brian Gerst <brgerst@...il.com>,
        Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@...gle.com>,
        Alexander Potapenko <glider@...gle.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>,
        "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@...ssion.com>,
        Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
        Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@...nel.org>,
        Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@...nel.org>,
        Ze Gao <zegao2021@...il.com>, Fei Li <fei1.li@...el.com>,
        Conghui <conghui.chen@...el.com>,
        Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@...el.com>,
        "Jason A . Donenfeld" <Jason@...c4.com>,
        Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>,
        Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@...ux.intel.com>,
        Jiapeng Chong <jiapeng.chong@...ux.alibaba.com>,
        Jane Malalane <jane.malalane@...rix.com>,
        David Woodhouse <dwmw@...zon.co.uk>,
        Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@...cle.com>,
        Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@...hat.com>,
        Yantengsi <siyanteng@...ngson.cn>,
        Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@...roup.eu>,
        Sathvika Vasireddy <sv@...ux.ibm.com>
Subject: [PATCH v9 35/36] x86/fred: FRED initialization code

From: "H. Peter Anvin (Intel)" <hpa@...or.com>

The code to initialize FRED when it's available and _not_ disabled.

cpu_init_fred_exceptions() is the core function to initialize FRED,
which
  1. Sets up FRED entrypoints for events happening in ring 0 and 3.
  2. Sets up a default stack for event handling.
  3. Sets up dedicated event stacks for DB/NMI/MC/DF, equivalent to
     the IDT IST stacks.
  4. Forces 32-bit system calls to use "int $0x80" only.
  5. Enables FRED and invalidtes IDT.

When the FRED is used, cpu_init_exception_handling() initializes FRED
through calling cpu_init_fred_exceptions(), otherwise it sets up TSS
IST and loads IDT.

As FRED uses the ring 3 FRED entrypoint for SYSCALL and SYSENTER,
it skips setting up SYSCALL/SYSENTER related MSRs, e.g., MSR_LSTAR.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@...or.com>
Co-developed-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@...el.com>
Tested-by: Shan Kang <shan.kang@...el.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li <xin3.li@...el.com>
---

Changes since v8:
* Move this patch after all required changes are in place (Thomas
  Gleixner).

Changes since v5:
* Add a comment for FRED stack level settings (Lai Jiangshan).
* Define #DB/NMI/#MC/#DF stack levels using macros.
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h  | 28 ++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h |  4 ++-
 arch/x86/kernel/Makefile     |  1 +
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c | 28 +++++++++++++---
 arch/x86/kernel/fred.c       | 64 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c    |  7 +++-
 arch/x86/kernel/traps.c      | 11 ++++++-
 7 files changed, 135 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/kernel/fred.c

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
index 3c91f0eae62e..6031138b778c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/fred.h
@@ -68,6 +68,19 @@
 #define FRED_SSX_64_BIT_MODE_BIT	57
 #define FRED_SSX_64_BIT_MODE		_BITUL(FRED_SSX_64_BIT_MODE_BIT)
 
+/* #DB in the kernel would imply the use of a kernel debugger. */
+#define FRED_DB_STACK_LEVEL		1
+#define FRED_NMI_STACK_LEVEL		2
+#define FRED_MC_STACK_LEVEL		2
+/*
+ * #DF is the highest level because a #DF means "something went wrong
+ * *while delivering an exception*." The number of cases for which that
+ * can happen with FRED is drastically reduced and basically amounts to
+ * "the stack you pointed me to is broken." Thus, always change stacks
+ * on #DF, which means it should be at the highest level.
+ */
+#define FRED_DF_STACK_LEVEL		3
+
 /*
  * FRED event delivery establishes a full supervisor context by
  * saving the essential information about an event to a FRED
@@ -122,8 +135,23 @@ DECLARE_FRED_HANDLER(fred_exc_double_fault);
 extern asmlinkage __visible void fred_entrypoint_user(void);
 extern asmlinkage __visible void fred_entrypoint_kernel(void);
 
+void cpu_init_fred_exceptions(void);
+void fred_setup_apic(void);
+
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
 
+#else
+#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
+static inline void cpu_init_fred_exceptions(void)
+{
+	BUG();
+}
+
+static inline void fred_setup_apic(void)
+{
+	BUG();
+}
+#endif
 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_FRED */
 
 #endif /* ASM_X86_FRED_H */
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
index 48daa78ee88c..da7e8ab1d66d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/traps.h
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ void __noreturn handle_stack_overflow(struct pt_regs *regs,
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 inline void set_sysvec_handler(unsigned int i, system_interrupt_handler func);
+bool is_sysvec_used(unsigned int i);
 
 static inline void sysvec_setup_fred(unsigned int vector, system_interrupt_handler func)
 {
@@ -63,7 +64,8 @@ static inline void sysvec_setup_fred(unsigned int vector, system_interrupt_handl
 
 #define sysvec_install(vector, func) {					\
 	sysvec_setup_fred(vector, func);				\
-	alloc_intr_gate(vector, asm_##func);				\
+	if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED))			\
+		alloc_intr_gate(vector, asm_##func);			\
 }
 
 int external_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
index 4070a01c11b7..46d8daa11c17 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ obj-y			+= platform-quirks.o
 obj-y			+= process_$(BITS).o signal.o signal_$(BITS).o
 obj-y			+= traps.o idt.o irq.o irq_$(BITS).o dumpstack_$(BITS).o
 obj-y			+= time.o ioport.o dumpstack.o nmi.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_X86_FRED)	+= fred.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_MODIFY_LDT_SYSCALL)	+= ldt.o
 obj-y			+= setup.o x86_init.o i8259.o irqinit.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL)	+= jump_label.o
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
index bb03dacc5fb8..b34a8a138755 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
 #include <asm/microcode_intel.h>
 #include <asm/intel-family.h>
 #include <asm/cpu_device_id.h>
+#include <asm/fred.h>
 #include <asm/uv/uv.h>
 #include <asm/set_memory.h>
 #include <asm/traps.h>
@@ -2062,13 +2063,24 @@ static inline void idt_syscall_init(void)
 	       X86_EFLAGS_AC|X86_EFLAGS_ID);
 }
 
+static inline void fred_syscall_init(void)
+{
+	/* Both sysexit and sysret cause #UD when FRED is enabled */
+	wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, (u64)GDT_ENTRY_INVALID_SEG);
+	wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_ESP, 0ULL);
+	wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP, 0ULL);
+}
+
 /* May not be marked __init: used by software suspend */
 void syscall_init(void)
 {
 	/* The default user and kernel segments */
 	wrmsr(MSR_STAR, 0, (__USER32_CS << 16) | __KERNEL_CS);
 
-	idt_syscall_init();
+	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED))
+		fred_syscall_init();
+	else
+		idt_syscall_init();
 }
 
 #else	/* CONFIG_X86_64 */
@@ -2184,8 +2196,6 @@ void cpu_init_exception_handling(void)
 	/* paranoid_entry() gets the CPU number from the GDT */
 	setup_getcpu(cpu);
 
-	/* IST vectors need TSS to be set up. */
-	tss_setup_ist(tss);
 	tss_setup_io_bitmap(tss);
 	set_tss_desc(cpu, &get_cpu_entry_area(cpu)->tss.x86_tss);
 
@@ -2194,8 +2204,16 @@ void cpu_init_exception_handling(void)
 	/* GHCB needs to be setup to handle #VC. */
 	setup_ghcb();
 
-	/* Finally load the IDT */
-	load_current_idt();
+	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED)) {
+		/* Set up FRED exception handling */
+		cpu_init_fred_exceptions();
+	} else {
+		/* IST vectors need TSS to be set up. */
+		tss_setup_ist(tss);
+
+		/* Finally load the IDT */
+		load_current_idt();
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/fred.c b/arch/x86/kernel/fred.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7fdf79c964a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/fred.c
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+
+#include <asm/desc.h>
+#include <asm/fred.h>
+#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
+#include <asm/traps.h>
+
+void cpu_init_fred_exceptions(void)
+{
+	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_CONFIG,
+	       /* Reserve for CALL emulation */
+	       FRED_CONFIG_REDZONE |
+	       FRED_CONFIG_INT_STKLVL(0) |
+	       FRED_CONFIG_ENTRYPOINT(fred_entrypoint_user));
+
+	/*
+	 * The purpose of separate stacks for NMI, #DB and #MC *in the kernel*
+	 * (remember that user space faults are always taken on stack level 0)
+	 * is to avoid overflowing the kernel stack.
+	 */
+	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_STKLVLS,
+	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DB,  FRED_DB_STACK_LEVEL) |
+	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_NMI, FRED_NMI_STACK_LEVEL) |
+	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_MC,  FRED_MC_STACK_LEVEL) |
+	       FRED_STKLVL(X86_TRAP_DF,  FRED_DF_STACK_LEVEL));
+
+	/* The FRED equivalents to IST stacks... */
+	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP1, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DB));
+	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP2, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(NMI));
+	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP3, __this_cpu_ist_top_va(DF));
+
+	/* Not used with FRED */
+	wrmsrl(MSR_LSTAR, 0ULL);
+	wrmsrl(MSR_CSTAR, 0ULL);
+	wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS,  (u64)GDT_ENTRY_INVALID_SEG);
+	wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_ESP, 0ULL);
+	wrmsrl_safe(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP, 0ULL);
+
+	/* Enable FRED */
+	cr4_set_bits(X86_CR4_FRED);
+	/* Any further IDT use is a bug */
+	idt_invalidate();
+
+	/* Use int $0x80 for 32-bit system calls in FRED mode */
+	setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_SYSENTER32);
+	setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_SYSCALL32);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize system vectors from a FRED perspective, so
+ * lapic_assign_system_vectors() can do its job.
+ */
+void __init fred_setup_apic(void)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR; i++)
+		set_bit(i, system_vectors);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < NR_SYSTEM_VECTORS; i++)
+		if (is_sysvec_used(i))
+			set_bit(i + FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR, system_vectors);
+}
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c b/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c
index c683666876f1..2a510f72dd11 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <asm/setup.h>
 #include <asm/i8259.h>
 #include <asm/traps.h>
+#include <asm/fred.h>
 #include <asm/prom.h>
 
 /*
@@ -96,7 +97,11 @@ void __init native_init_IRQ(void)
 	/* Execute any quirks before the call gates are initialised: */
 	x86_init.irqs.pre_vector_init();
 
-	idt_setup_apic_and_irq_gates();
+	if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED))
+		fred_setup_apic();
+	else
+		idt_setup_apic_and_irq_gates();
+
 	lapic_assign_system_vectors();
 
 	if (!acpi_ioapic && !of_ioapic && nr_legacy_irqs()) {
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
index 6143ad56008e..21eeba7b188f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
@@ -1542,6 +1542,12 @@ void set_sysvec_handler(unsigned int i, system_interrupt_handler func)
 	system_interrupt_handlers[i] = func;
 }
 
+bool is_sysvec_used(unsigned int i)
+{
+	BUG_ON(i >= NR_SYSTEM_VECTORS);
+	return system_interrupt_handlers[i] != dispatch_table_spurious_interrupt;
+}
+
 int external_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
 	unsigned int vector = regs->vector;
@@ -1577,7 +1583,10 @@ void __init trap_init(void)
 
 	/* Initialize TSS before setting up traps so ISTs work */
 	cpu_init_exception_handling();
+
 	/* Setup traps as cpu_init() might #GP */
-	idt_setup_traps();
+	if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED))
+		idt_setup_traps();
+
 	cpu_init();
 }
-- 
2.34.1

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