linux-kernel - Re: [RFC PATCH v5 5/5] riscv/cmpxchg: Implement xchg for variables of size 1 and 2

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Date:   Thu, 10 Aug 2023 13:04:04 -0300
From:   Leonardo Brás <leobras@...hat.com>
To:     Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>, Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@...il.com>,
        Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>,
        Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@...ive.com>,
        Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@...belt.com>,
        Albert Ou <aou@...s.berkeley.edu>,
        Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@...il.com>,
        Andrzej Hajda <andrzej.hajda@...el.com>,
        Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@...osinc.com>,
        guoren <guoren@...nel.org>
Cc:     linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-riscv@...ts.infradead.org
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH v5 5/5] riscv/cmpxchg: Implement xchg for variables
 of size 1 and 2

On Thu, 2023-08-10 at 08:51 +0200, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
> On Thu, Aug 10, 2023, at 06:03, Leonardo Bras wrote:
> > xchg for variables of size 1-byte and 2-bytes is not yet available for
> > riscv, even though its present in other architectures such as arm64 and
> > x86. This could lead to not being able to implement some locking mechanisms
> > or requiring some rework to make it work properly.
> > 
> > Implement 1-byte and 2-bytes xchg in order to achieve parity with other
> > architectures.
> > 
> > Signed-off-by: Leonardo Bras <leobras@...hat.com>
> 

Hello Arnd Bergmann, thanks for reviewing!

> Parity with other architectures by itself is not a reason to do this,
> in particular the other architectures you listed have the instructions
> in hardware while riscv does not.

Sure, I understand RISC-V don't have native support for xchg on variables of
size < 4B. My argument is that it's nice to have even an emulated version for
this in case any future mechanism wants to use it.

Not having it may mean we won't be able to enable given mechanism in RISC-V. 

> 
> Emulating the small xchg() through cmpxchg() is particularly tricky
> since it's easy to run into a case where this does not guarantee
> forward progress.
> 

Didn't get this part:
By "emulating small xchg() through cmpxchg()", did you mean like emulating an
xchg (usually 1 instruction) with lr & sc (same used in cmpxchg) ?

If so, yeah, it's a fair point: in some extreme case we could have multiple
threads accessing given cacheline and have sc always failing. On the other hand,
there are 2 arguments on that:

1 - Other architectures, (such as powerpc, arm and arm64 without LSE atomics)
also seem to rely in this mechanism for every xchg size. Another archs like csky
and loongarch use asm that look like mine to handle size < 4B xchg. 

>  This is also something that almost no architecture
> specific code relies on (generic qspinlock being a notable exception).
> 

2 - As you mentioned, there should be very little code that will actually make
use of xchg for vars < 4B, so it should be safe to assume its fine to not
guarantee forward progress for those rare usages (like some of above mentioned
archs).

> I would recommend just dropping this patch from the series, at least
> until there is a need for it.

While I agree this is a valid point, I believe its more interesting to have it
implemented if any future mechanism wants to make use of this. 

Thanks!
Leo