linux-kernel - Re: [RFC PATCH v1 1/1] tracing/kprobe: Add multi-probe support for 'perf

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Date:   Thu, 17 Aug 2023 12:59:30 +0200
From:   Francis Laniel <flaniel@...ux.microsoft.com>
To:     Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>
Cc:     linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@...nel.org>,
        linux-trace-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH v1 1/1] tracing/kprobe: Add multi-probe support for 'perf_kprobe' PMU

Le mercredi 16 août 2023, 20:42:13 CEST Steven Rostedt a écrit :
> On Wed, 16 Aug 2023 18:35:17 +0200
> 
> Francis Laniel <flaniel@...ux.microsoft.com> wrote:
> > When using sysfs, it is possible to create kprobe for several kernel
> > functions sharing the same name, but of course with different addresses,
> > by writing their addresses in kprobe_events file.
> 
> So this only happens if you write in the address?

From my understanding yes, but I will double check just in case.

> > When using PMU, if only the symbol name is given, the event will be
> > created for the first address which matches the symbol, as returned by
> > kallsyms_lookup_name().
> > The idea here is to search all kernel functions which match this symbol
> > and
> > create a trace_kprobe for each of them.
> > All these trace_kprobes are linked together by sharing the same
> > trace_probe.
> So this makes the PMU version enable all by name, so there's still a
> disconnect between how sysfs works and how PMU does.
> 
> Why can't you just pass in the address like sysfs does?

To get the addresses from /proc/kallsyms, you need to either have CAP_SYSLOG 
or even CAP_SYS_ADMIN.
But to call perf_event_open(), you only need CAP_PERFMON.
This way, by giving only the name you can trace function with less privileges 
(i.e. without CAP_SYS_ADMIN).
Please correct me if I am wrong as I am not an expert in knowing the minimal 
set of capabilities you need to trace.

> -- Steve
> 
> > Signed-off-by: Francis Laniel <flaniel@...ux.microsoft.com>
> > ---
> > 
> >  kernel/trace/trace_kprobe.c | 86 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >  1 file changed, 86 insertions(+)
> > 
> > diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_kprobe.c b/kernel/trace/trace_kprobe.c
> > index 1b3fa7b854aa..08580f1466c7 100644
> > --- a/kernel/trace/trace_kprobe.c
> > +++ b/kernel/trace/trace_kprobe.c
> > @@ -1682,13 +1682,42 @@ static int unregister_kprobe_event(struct
> > trace_kprobe *tk)> 
> >  }
> >  
> >  #ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS
> > 
> > +
> > +struct address_array {
> > +	unsigned long *addrs;
> > +	size_t size;
> > +};
> > +
> > +static int add_addr(void *data, unsigned long addr)
> > +{
> > +	struct address_array *array = data;
> > +	unsigned long *p;
> > +
> > +	array->size++;
> > +	p = krealloc(array->addrs,
> > +				sizeof(*array->addrs) * array->size,
> > +				GFP_KERNEL);
> > +	if (!p) {
> > +		kfree(array->addrs);
> > +		return -ENOMEM;
> > +	}
> > +
> > +	array->addrs = p;
> > +	array->addrs[array->size - 1] = addr;
> > +
> > +	return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > 
> >  /* create a trace_kprobe, but don't add it to global lists */
> >  struct trace_event_call *
> >  create_local_trace_kprobe(char *func, void *addr, unsigned long offs,
> >  
> >  			  bool is_return)
> >  
> >  {
> >  
> >  	enum probe_print_type ptype;
> > 
> > +	struct address_array array;
> > 
> >  	struct trace_kprobe *tk;
> > 
> > +	unsigned long func_addr;
> > +	unsigned int i;
> > 
> >  	int ret;
> >  	char *event;
> > 
> > @@ -1722,7 +1751,64 @@ create_local_trace_kprobe(char *func, void *addr,
> > unsigned long offs,> 
> >  	if (ret < 0)
> >  	
> >  		goto error;
> > 
> > +	array.addrs = NULL;
> > +	array.size = 0;
> > +	ret = kallsyms_on_each_match_symbol(add_addr, func, &array);
> > +	if (ret)
> > +		goto error_free;
> > +
> > +	if (array.size == 1)
> > +		goto end;
> > +
> > +	/*
> > +	 * Below loop allocates a trace_kprobe for each function with the same
> > +	 * name in kernel source code.
> > +	 * All this differente trace_kprobes will be linked together through
> > +	 * append_trace_kprobe().
> > +	 * NOTE append_trace_kprobe() is called in register_trace_kprobe() 
which
> > +	 * is called when a kprobe is added through sysfs.
> > +	 */
> > +	func_addr = kallsyms_lookup_name(func);
> > +	for (i = 0; i < array.size; i++) {
> > +		struct trace_kprobe *tk_same_name;
> > +		unsigned long address;
> > +
> > +		address = array.addrs[i];
> > +		/* Skip the function address as we already registered it. */
> > +		if (address == func_addr)
> > +			continue;
> > +
> > +		/*
> > +		 * alloc_trace_kprobe() first considers symbol name, so we set
> > +		 * this to NULL to allocate this kprobe on the given address.
> > +		 */
> > +		tk_same_name = alloc_trace_kprobe(KPROBE_EVENT_SYSTEM, event,
> > +						  (void *)address, NULL, offs,
> > +						  0 /* maxactive */,
> > +						  0 /* nargs */, is_return);
> > +
> > +		if (IS_ERR(tk_same_name)) {
> > +			ret = -ENOMEM;
> > +			goto error_free;
> > +		}
> > +
> > +		init_trace_event_call(tk_same_name);
> > +
> > +		if (traceprobe_set_print_fmt(&tk_same_name->tp, ptype) < 0) {
> > +			ret = -ENOMEM;
> > +			goto error_free;
> > +		}
> > +
> > +		ret = append_trace_kprobe(tk_same_name, tk);
> > +		if (ret)
> > +			goto error_free;
> > +	}
> > +
> > +end:
> > +	kfree(array.addrs);
> > 
> >  	return trace_probe_event_call(&tk->tp);
> > 
> > +error_free:
> > +	kfree(array.addrs);
> > 
> >  error:
> >  	free_trace_kprobe(tk);
> >  	return ERR_PTR(ret);