linux-kernel - [PATCH 4/8] mm: page_alloc: fix up block types when merging compatible blocks

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Message-ID: <20230821183733.106619-5-hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Date:   Mon, 21 Aug 2023 14:33:36 -0400
From:   Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>
To:     Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc:     Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>,
        Mel Gorman <mgorman@...hsingularity.net>, linux-mm@...ck.org,
        linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: [PATCH 4/8] mm: page_alloc: fix up block types when merging compatible blocks

The buddy allocator coalesces compatible blocks during freeing, but it
doesn't update the types of the subblocks to match. When an allocation
later breaks the chunk down again, its pieces will be put on freelists
of the wrong type. This encourages incompatible page mixing (ask for
one type, get another), and thus long-term fragmentation.

Update the subblocks when merging a larger chunk, such that a later
expand() will maintain freelist type hygiene.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@...xchg.org>
---
 mm/page_alloc.c | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index a5e36d186893..6c9f565b2613 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -438,6 +438,17 @@ void set_pageblock_migratetype(struct page *page, int migratetype)
 				page_to_pfn(page), MIGRATETYPE_MASK);
 }
 
+static void change_pageblock_range(struct page *pageblock_page,
+					int start_order, int migratetype)
+{
+	int nr_pageblocks = 1 << (start_order - pageblock_order);
+
+	while (nr_pageblocks--) {
+		set_pageblock_migratetype(pageblock_page, migratetype);
+		pageblock_page += pageblock_nr_pages;
+	}
+}
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
 static int page_outside_zone_boundaries(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
 {
@@ -808,10 +819,17 @@ static inline void __free_one_page(struct page *page,
 			 */
 			int buddy_mt = get_pfnblock_migratetype(buddy, buddy_pfn);
 
-			if (migratetype != buddy_mt
-					&& (!migratetype_is_mergeable(migratetype) ||
-						!migratetype_is_mergeable(buddy_mt)))
-				goto done_merging;
+			if (migratetype != buddy_mt) {
+				if (!migratetype_is_mergeable(migratetype) ||
+				    !migratetype_is_mergeable(buddy_mt))
+					goto done_merging;
+				/*
+				 * Match buddy type. This ensures that
+				 * an expand() down the line puts the
+				 * sub-blocks on the right freelists.
+				 */
+				set_pageblock_migratetype(buddy, migratetype);
+			}
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -1687,17 +1705,6 @@ int move_freepages_block(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
 								num_movable);
 }
 
-static void change_pageblock_range(struct page *pageblock_page,
-					int start_order, int migratetype)
-{
-	int nr_pageblocks = 1 << (start_order - pageblock_order);
-
-	while (nr_pageblocks--) {
-		set_pageblock_migratetype(pageblock_page, migratetype);
-		pageblock_page += pageblock_nr_pages;
-	}
-}
-
 /*
  * When we are falling back to another migratetype during allocation, try to
  * steal extra free pages from the same pageblocks to satisfy further
-- 
2.41.0