Date:   Mon, 18 Sep 2023 11:56:36 -0700
From:   Yury Norov <yury.norov@...il.com>
To:     Mirsad Todorovac <mirsad.todorovac@....unizg.hr>
Cc:     Jan Kara <jack@...e.cz>, Philipp Stanner <pstanner@...hat.com>,
        linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        Matthew Wilcox <willy@...radead.org>, Chris Mason <clm@...com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Josef Bacik <josef@...icpanda.com>,
        David Sterba <dsterba@...e.com>, linux-btrfs@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-mm@...ck.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v1 1/1] xarray: fix the data-race in xas_find_chunk() by
 using READ_ONCE()

On Mon, Sep 18, 2023 at 06:28:07PM +0200, Mirsad Todorovac wrote:
> 
> 
> On 9/18/23 17:54, Jan Kara wrote:
> > On Mon 18-09-23 07:59:03, Yury Norov wrote:
> > > On Mon, Sep 18, 2023 at 02:46:02PM +0200, Mirsad Todorovac wrote:
> > > > --------------------------------------------------------
> > > >   lib/find_bit.c | 33 +++++++++++++++++----------------
> > > >   1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
> > > > 
> > > > diff --git a/lib/find_bit.c b/lib/find_bit.c
> > > > index 32f99e9a670e..56244e4f744e 100644
> > > > --- a/lib/find_bit.c
> > > > +++ b/lib/find_bit.c
> > > > @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
> > > >   #include <linux/math.h>
> > > >   #include <linux/minmax.h>
> > > >   #include <linux/swab.h>
> > > > +#include <asm/rwonce.h>
> > > >   /*
> > > >    * Common helper for find_bit() function family
> > > > @@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ out:                                                                          \
> > > >    */
> > > >   unsigned long _find_first_bit(const unsigned long *addr, unsigned long size)
> > > >   {
> > > > -       return FIND_FIRST_BIT(addr[idx], /* nop */, size);
> > > > +       return FIND_FIRST_BIT(READ_ONCE(addr[idx]), /* nop */, size);
> > > >   }
> > > >   EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_first_bit);
> > > >   #endif
> > > 
> > > ...
> > > 
> > > That doesn't look correct. READ_ONCE() implies that there's another
> > > thread modifying the bitmap concurrently. This is not the true for
> > > vast majority of bitmap API users, and I expect that forcing
> > > READ_ONCE() would affect performance for them.
> > > 
> > > Bitmap functions, with a few rare exceptions like set_bit(), are not
> > > thread-safe and require users to perform locking/synchronization where
> > > needed.
> > 
> > Well, for xarray the write side is synchronized with a spinlock but the read
> > side is not (only RCU protected).
> > 
> > > If you really need READ_ONCE, I think it's better to implement a new
> > > flavor of the function(s) separately, like:
> > >          find_first_bit_read_once()
> > 
> > So yes, xarray really needs READ_ONCE(). And I don't think READ_ONCE()
> > imposes any real perfomance overhead in this particular case because for
> > any sane compiler the generated assembly with & without READ_ONCE() will be
> > exactly the same. For example I've checked disassembly of _find_next_bit()
> > using READ_ONCE(). The main loop is:
> > 
> >     0xffffffff815a2b6d <+77>:	inc    %r8
> >     0xffffffff815a2b70 <+80>:	add    $0x8,%rdx
> >     0xffffffff815a2b74 <+84>:	mov    %r8,%rcx
> >     0xffffffff815a2b77 <+87>:	shl    $0x6,%rcx
> >     0xffffffff815a2b7b <+91>:	cmp    %rcx,%rax
> >     0xffffffff815a2b7e <+94>:	jbe    0xffffffff815a2b9b <_find_next_bit+123>
> >     0xffffffff815a2b80 <+96>:	mov    (%rdx),%rcx
> >     0xffffffff815a2b83 <+99>:	test   %rcx,%rcx
> >     0xffffffff815a2b86 <+102>:	je     0xffffffff815a2b6d <_find_next_bit+77>
> >     0xffffffff815a2b88 <+104>:	shl    $0x6,%r8
> >     0xffffffff815a2b8c <+108>:	tzcnt  %rcx,%rcx
> > 
> > So you can see the value we work with is copied from the address (rdx) into
> > a register (rcx) and the test and __ffs() happens on a register value and
> > thus READ_ONCE() has no practical effect. It just prevents the compiler
> > from doing some stupid de-optimization.
> > 
> > 								Honza
> 
> If I may also add, centralised READ_ONCE() version had fixed a couple of hundred of
> the instances of KCSAN data-races in dmesg.
> 
> _find_*_bit() functions and/or macros cause quite a number of KCSAN BUG warnings:
> 
>  95 _find_first_and_bit (lib/find_bit.c:114 (discriminator 10))
>  31 _find_first_zero_bit (lib/find_bit.c:125 (discriminator 10))
> 173 _find_next_and_bit (lib/find_bit.c:171 (discriminator 2))
> 655 _find_next_bit (lib/find_bit.c:133 (discriminator 2))
>   5 _find_next_zero_bit
> 
> Finding each one find_bit_*() function and replacing it with find_bit_*_read_once()
> could be time-consuming and challenging.
> 
> However, I will do both versions so you could compare, if you'd like.
> 
> Note, in the PoC version I have only implemented find_next_bit_read_once() ATM to see if
> this works.
> 
> Regards,
> Mirsad

Guys, I lost the track of the conversation. In the other email Mirsad
said:
        Which was the basic reason in the first place for all this, because something changed
        data from underneath our fingers ..

It sounds clearly to me that this is a bug in xarray, *revealed* by
find_next_bit() function. But later in discussion you're trying to 'fix'
find_*_bit(), like if find_bit() corrupted the bitmap, but it's not.

In previous email Jan said:
        for any sane compiler the generated assembly with & without READ_ONCE()
        will be exactly the same.

If the code generated with and without READ_ONCE() is the same, the
behavior would be the same, right? If you see the difference, the code
should differ.

You say that READ_ONCE() in find_bit() 'fixes' 200 KCSAN BUG warnings. To
me it sounds like hiding the problems instead of fixing. If there's a race
between writing and reading bitmaps, it should be fixed properly by
adding an appropriate serialization mechanism. Shutting Kcsan up with
READ_ONCE() here and there is exactly the opposite path to the right direction.

Every READ_ONCE must be paired with WRITE_ONCE, just like atomic
reads/writes or spin locks/unlocks. Having that in mind, adding
READ_ONCE() in find_bit() requires adding it to every bitmap function
out there. And this is, as I said before, would be an overhead for
most users.

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