linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v1 1/1] xarray: fix the data-race in xas_find_chunk() by using READ

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Message-ID: <cda628df-1933-cce8-86cd-23346541e3d8@alu.unizg.hr>
Date:   Mon, 18 Sep 2023 18:28:07 +0200
From:   Mirsad Todorovac <mirsad.todorovac@....unizg.hr>
To:     Jan Kara <jack@...e.cz>, Yury Norov <yury.norov@...il.com>
Cc:     Philipp Stanner <pstanner@...hat.com>,
        linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        Matthew Wilcox <willy@...radead.org>, Chris Mason <clm@...com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>,
        Josef Bacik <josef@...icpanda.com>,
        David Sterba <dsterba@...e.com>, linux-btrfs@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-mm@...ck.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v1 1/1] xarray: fix the data-race in xas_find_chunk() by
 using READ_ONCE()



On 9/18/23 17:54, Jan Kara wrote:
> On Mon 18-09-23 07:59:03, Yury Norov wrote:
>> On Mon, Sep 18, 2023 at 02:46:02PM +0200, Mirsad Todorovac wrote:
>>> --------------------------------------------------------
>>>   lib/find_bit.c | 33 +++++++++++++++++----------------
>>>   1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
>>>
>>> diff --git a/lib/find_bit.c b/lib/find_bit.c
>>> index 32f99e9a670e..56244e4f744e 100644
>>> --- a/lib/find_bit.c
>>> +++ b/lib/find_bit.c
>>> @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
>>>   #include <linux/math.h>
>>>   #include <linux/minmax.h>
>>>   #include <linux/swab.h>
>>> +#include <asm/rwonce.h>
>>>   /*
>>>    * Common helper for find_bit() function family
>>> @@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ out:                                                                          \
>>>    */
>>>   unsigned long _find_first_bit(const unsigned long *addr, unsigned long size)
>>>   {
>>> -       return FIND_FIRST_BIT(addr[idx], /* nop */, size);
>>> +       return FIND_FIRST_BIT(READ_ONCE(addr[idx]), /* nop */, size);
>>>   }
>>>   EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_first_bit);
>>>   #endif
>>
>> ...
>>
>> That doesn't look correct. READ_ONCE() implies that there's another
>> thread modifying the bitmap concurrently. This is not the true for
>> vast majority of bitmap API users, and I expect that forcing
>> READ_ONCE() would affect performance for them.
>>
>> Bitmap functions, with a few rare exceptions like set_bit(), are not
>> thread-safe and require users to perform locking/synchronization where
>> needed.
> 
> Well, for xarray the write side is synchronized with a spinlock but the read
> side is not (only RCU protected).
> 
>> If you really need READ_ONCE, I think it's better to implement a new
>> flavor of the function(s) separately, like:
>>          find_first_bit_read_once()
> 
> So yes, xarray really needs READ_ONCE(). And I don't think READ_ONCE()
> imposes any real perfomance overhead in this particular case because for
> any sane compiler the generated assembly with & without READ_ONCE() will be
> exactly the same. For example I've checked disassembly of _find_next_bit()
> using READ_ONCE(). The main loop is:
> 
>     0xffffffff815a2b6d <+77>:	inc    %r8
>     0xffffffff815a2b70 <+80>:	add    $0x8,%rdx
>     0xffffffff815a2b74 <+84>:	mov    %r8,%rcx
>     0xffffffff815a2b77 <+87>:	shl    $0x6,%rcx
>     0xffffffff815a2b7b <+91>:	cmp    %rcx,%rax
>     0xffffffff815a2b7e <+94>:	jbe    0xffffffff815a2b9b <_find_next_bit+123>
>     0xffffffff815a2b80 <+96>:	mov    (%rdx),%rcx
>     0xffffffff815a2b83 <+99>:	test   %rcx,%rcx
>     0xffffffff815a2b86 <+102>:	je     0xffffffff815a2b6d <_find_next_bit+77>
>     0xffffffff815a2b88 <+104>:	shl    $0x6,%r8
>     0xffffffff815a2b8c <+108>:	tzcnt  %rcx,%rcx
> 
> So you can see the value we work with is copied from the address (rdx) into
> a register (rcx) and the test and __ffs() happens on a register value and
> thus READ_ONCE() has no practical effect. It just prevents the compiler
> from doing some stupid de-optimization.
> 
> 								Honza

If I may also add, centralised READ_ONCE() version had fixed a couple of hundred of
the instances of KCSAN data-races in dmesg.

_find_*_bit() functions and/or macros cause quite a number of KCSAN BUG warnings:

  95 _find_first_and_bit (lib/find_bit.c:114 (discriminator 10))
  31 _find_first_zero_bit (lib/find_bit.c:125 (discriminator 10))
173 _find_next_and_bit (lib/find_bit.c:171 (discriminator 2))
655 _find_next_bit (lib/find_bit.c:133 (discriminator 2))
   5 _find_next_zero_bit

Finding each one find_bit_*() function and replacing it with find_bit_*_read_once()
could be time-consuming and challenging.

However, I will do both versions so you could compare, if you'd like.

Note, in the PoC version I have only implemented find_next_bit_read_once() ATM to see if
this works.

Regards,
Mirsad


View attachment "find_bit_read_once.diff" of type "text/x-patch" (9661 bytes)