linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v2 0/2] workload-specific and memory pressure-driven zswap writeback

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Date:   Tue, 19 Sep 2023 12:31:44 -0700
From:   Nhat Pham <nphamcs@...il.com>
To:     akpm@...ux-foundation.org
Cc:     hannes@...xchg.org, cerasuolodomenico@...il.com,
        yosryahmed@...gle.com, sjenning@...hat.com, ddstreet@...e.org,
        vitaly.wool@...sulko.com, mhocko@...nel.org,
        roman.gushchin@...ux.dev, shakeelb@...gle.com,
        muchun.song@...ux.dev, linux-mm@...ck.org, kernel-team@...a.com,
        linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, cgroups@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 0/2] workload-specific and memory pressure-driven zswap writeback

On Tue, Sep 19, 2023 at 10:14 AM Nhat Pham <nphamcs@...il.com> wrote:
>
> Changelog:
> v2:
>    * Fix loongarch compiler errors
>    * Use pool stats instead of memcg stats when !CONFIG_MEMCG_KEM
      * Rebase the patch on top of the new shrinker API.
>
> There are currently several issues with zswap writeback:
>
> 1. There is only a single global LRU for zswap. This makes it impossible
>    to perform worload-specific shrinking - an memcg under memory
>    pressure cannot determine which pages in the pool it owns, and often
>    ends up writing pages from other memcgs. This issue has been
>    previously observed in practice and mitigated by simply disabling
>    memcg-initiated shrinking:
>
>    https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230530232435.3097106-1-nphamcs@gmail.com/T/#u
>
>    But this solution leaves a lot to be desired, as we still do not have an
>    avenue for an memcg to free up its own memory locked up in zswap.
>
> 2. We only shrink the zswap pool when the user-defined limit is hit.
>    This means that if we set the limit too high, cold data that are
>    unlikely to be used again will reside in the pool, wasting precious
>    memory. It is hard to predict how much zswap space will be needed
>    ahead of time, as this depends on the workload (specifically, on
>    factors such as memory access patterns and compressibility of the
>    memory pages).
>
> This patch series solves these issues by separating the global zswap
> LRU into per-memcg and per-NUMA LRUs, and performs workload-specific
> (i.e memcg- and NUMA-aware) zswap writeback under memory pressure. The
> new shrinker does not have any parameter that must be tuned by the
> user, and can be opted in or out on a per-memcg basis.
>
> On a benchmark that we have run:
>
> (without the shrinker)
> real -- mean: 153.27s, median: 153.199s
> sys -- mean: 541.652s, median: 541.903s
> user -- mean: 4384.9673999999995s, median: 4385.471s
>
> (with the shrinker)
> real -- mean: 151.4956s, median: 151.456s
> sys -- mean: 461.14639999999997s, median: 465.656s
> user -- mean: 4384.7118s, median: 4384.675s
>
> We observed a 14-15% reduction in kernel CPU time, which translated to
> over 1% reduction in real time.
>
> On another benchmark, where there was a lot more cold memory residing in
> zswap, we observed even more pronounced gains:
>
> (without the shrinker)
> real -- mean: 157.52519999999998s, median: 157.281s
> sys -- mean: 769.3082s, median: 780.545s
> user -- mean: 4378.1622s, median: 4378.286s
>
> (with the shrinker)
> real -- mean: 152.9608s, median: 152.845s
> sys -- mean: 517.4446s, median: 506.749s
> user -- mean: 4387.694s, median: 4387.935s
>
> Here, we saw around 32-35% reduction in kernel CPU time, which
> translated to 2.8% reduction in real time. These results confirm our
> hypothesis that the shrinker is more helpful the more cold memory we
> have.
>
> Domenico Cerasuolo (1):
>   zswap: make shrinking memcg-aware
>
> Nhat Pham (1):
>   zswap: shrinks zswap pool based on memory pressure
>
>  Documentation/admin-guide/mm/zswap.rst |  12 +
>  include/linux/list_lru.h               |  39 +++
>  include/linux/memcontrol.h             |   6 +
>  include/linux/mmzone.h                 |  14 +
>  include/linux/zswap.h                  |   9 +
>  mm/list_lru.c                          |  46 ++-
>  mm/memcontrol.c                        |  33 ++
>  mm/swap_state.c                        |  50 +++-
>  mm/zswap.c                             | 397 ++++++++++++++++++++++---
>  9 files changed, 548 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-)
>
> --
> 2.34.1