Message-ID: <7c85cbf5-efb2-9cc6-4a5c-9854f7db1b0e@arm.com>
Date:   Wed, 20 Sep 2023 17:26:33 +0100
From:   Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@....com>
To:     Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>,
        Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kamboju@...aro.org>
Cc:     LTP List <ltp@...ts.linux.it>,
        open list <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
        Linux ARM <linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org>,
        rcu <rcu@...r.kernel.org>, lkft-triage@...ts.linaro.org,
        chrubis <chrubis@...e.cz>,
        Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
        Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...nel.org>,
        Jason Baron <jbaron@...mai.com>,
        Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
        Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@...nel.org>,
        Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>,
        Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>,
        Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@...aro.org>,
        Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>
Subject: Re: arm64: Unable to handle kernel execute from non-executable memory
 at virtual address ffff8000834c13a0

On 20/09/2023 3:32 pm, Mark Rutland wrote:
> Hi Naresh,
> 
> On Wed, Sep 20, 2023 at 11:29:12AM +0200, Naresh Kamboju wrote:
>> [ my two cents ]
>> While running LTP pty07 test cases on arm64 juno-r2 with Linux next-20230919
>> the following kernel crash was noticed.
>>
>> I have been noticing this issue intermittently on Juno-r2 for more than a month.
>> Anyone have noticed this crash ?
> 
> How intermittent is this? 1/2, 1/10, 1/100, rarer still?
> 
> Are you running *just* the pty07 test, or are you running a whole LTP suite and
> the issue first occurs around pty07?
> 
> Given you've been hitting this for a month, have you tried testing mainline? Do
> you have a known-good kernel that we can start a bisect from?
> 
> Do you *only* see this on Juno-r2 and are you testing on other hardware?
> 
>> Reported-by: Linux Kernel Functional Testing <lkft@...aro.org>
>>
>> [    0.000000] Linux version 6.6.0-rc2-next-20230919 (tuxmake@...make)
>> (aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc (Debian 13.2.0-2) 13.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils
>> for Debian) 2.41) #1 SMP PREEMPT @1695107157
>> [    0.000000] KASLR disabled due to lack of seed
>> [    0.000000] Machine model: ARM Juno development board (r2)
>> ...
>> LTP running pty
>> ...
>>
>> pty07.c:92: TINFO: Saving active console 1
>> ../../../include/tst_fuzzy_sync.h:640: TINFO: Stopped sampling at 552
>> (out of 1024) samples, sampling time reached 50% of the total time
>> limit
>> ../../../include/tst_fuzzy_sync.h:307: TINFO: loop = 552, delay_bias = 0
>> ../../../include/tst_fuzzy_sync.h:295: TINFO: start_a - start_b: { avg
>> =   127ns, avg_dev =    84ns, dev_ratio = 0.66 }
>> ../../../include/tst_fuzzy_sync.h:295: TINFO: end_a - start_a  : { avg
>> = 17296156ns, avg_dev = 5155058ns, dev_ratio = 0.30 }
>> ../../../include/tst_fuzzy_sync.h:295: TINFO: end_b - start_b  : { avg
>> = 101202336ns, avg_dev = 6689286ns, dev_ratio = 0.07 }
>> ../../../include/tst_fuzzy_sync.h:295: TINFO: end_a - end_b    : { avg
>> = -83906064ns, avg_dev = 10230694ns, dev_ratio = 0.12 }
>> ../../../include/tst_fuzzy_sync.h:295: TINFO: spins            : { avg
>> = 2765565  , avg_dev = 339285  , dev_ratio = 0.12 }
>> [  384.133538] Unable to handle kernel execute from non-executable
>> memory at virtual address ffff8000834c13a0
>> [  384.133559] Mem abort info:
>> [  384.133568]   ESR = 0x000000008600000f
>> [  384.133578]   EC = 0x21: IABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits
>> [  384.133590]   SET = 0, FnV = 0
>> [  384.133600]   EA = 0, S1PTW = 0
>> [  384.133610]   FSC = 0x0f: level 3 permission fault
>> [  384.133621] swapper pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgdp=0000000082375000
>> [  384.133634] [ffff8000834c13a0] pgd=10000009fffff003,
>> p4d=10000009fffff003, pud=10000009ffffe003, pmd=10000009ffff8003,
>> pte=00780000836c1703
>> [  384.133697] Internal error: Oops: 000000008600000f [#1] PREEMPT SMP
>> [  384.133707] Modules linked in: tda998x onboard_usb_hub cec hdlcd
>> crct10dif_ce drm_dma_helper drm_kms_helper fuse drm backlight dm_mod
>> ip_tables x_tables
>> [  384.133767] CPU: 3 PID: 589 Comm: (udev-worker) Not tainted
>> 6.6.0-rc2-next-20230919 #1
>> [  384.133779] Hardware name: ARM Juno development board (r2) (DT)
>> [  384.133784] pstate: 40000005 (nZcv daif -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
>> [  384.133796] pc : in_lookup_hashtable+0x178/0x2000
> 
> This indicates that the faulting address ffff8000834c13a0 is
> in_lookup_hashtable+0x178/0x2000, which would been we've somehow marked the
> kernel text as non-executable, which we never do intentionally.
> 
> I suspect that implies memory corruption. Have you tried running this with
> KASAN enabled?
> 
>> [  384.133818] lr : rcu_core (arch/arm64/include/asm/preempt.h:13
>> (discriminator 1) kernel/rcu/tree.c:2146 (discriminator 1)
>> kernel/rcu/tree.c:2403 (discriminator 1))

For the record, this LR appears to be the expected return address of the 
"f(rhp);" call within rcu_do_batch() (if CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC=n), so 
it looks like a case of a bogus or corrupted RCU callback. The PC is in 
the middle of a data symbol (in_lookup_hashtable is an array), so NX is 
expected and I wouldn't imagine the pagetables have gone wrong, just 
regular data corruption or use-after-free somewhere.

Robin.

>> [  384.133832] sp : ffff800083533e60
>> [  384.133836] x29: ffff800083533e60 x28: ffff0008008a6180 x27: 000000000000000a
>> [  384.133854] x26: 0000000000000000 x25: 0000000000000000 x24: ffff800083533f10
>> [  384.133871] x23: ffff800082404008 x22: ffff800082ebea80 x21: ffff800082f55940
>> [  384.133889] x20: ffff00097ed75440 x19: 0000000000000001 x18: 0000000000000000
>> [  384.133905] x17: ffff8008fc95c000 x16: ffff800083530000 x15: 00003d0900000000
>> [  384.133922] x14: 0000000000030d40 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 003d090000000000
>> [  384.133939] x11: 0000000000000000 x10: 0000000000000008 x9 : ffff80008015b05c
>> [  384.133955] x8 : ffff800083533da8 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 0000000000000100
>> [  384.133971] x5 : ffff800082ebf000 x4 : ffff800082ebf2e8 x3 : 0000000000000000
>> [  384.133987] x2 : ffff000825bf8618 x1 : ffff8000834c13a0 x0 : ffff00082b6d7170
>> [  384.134005] Call trace:
>> [  384.134009] in_lookup_hashtable+0x178/0x2000
>> [  384.134022] rcu_core_si (kernel/rcu/tree.c:2421)
>> [  384.134035] __do_softirq (arch/arm64/include/asm/jump_label.h:21
>> include/linux/jump_label.h:207 include/trace/events/irq.h:142
>> kernel/softirq.c:554)
>> [  384.134046] ____do_softirq (arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:81)
>> [  384.134058] call_on_irq_stack (arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:888)
>> [  384.134070] do_softirq_own_stack (arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:86)
>> [  384.134082] irq_exit_rcu (arch/arm64/include/asm/percpu.h:44
>> kernel/softirq.c:612 kernel/softirq.c:634 kernel/softirq.c:644)
>> [  384.134094] el0_interrupt (arch/arm64/include/asm/daifflags.h:28
>> arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:133
>> arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:144
>> arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:763)
>> [  384.134110] __el0_irq_handler_common (arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:769)
>> [  384.134124] el0t_64_irq_handler (arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:774)
>> [  384.134137] el0t_64_irq (arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:592)
>> [ 384.134153] Code: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 (2b6d7170)
>> All code
>> ========
>> ...
>>    10: 70 71                jo     0x83
>>    12: 6d                    insl   (%dx),%es:(%rdi)
>>    13: 2b                    .byte 0x2b
>>
>> Code starting with the faulting instruction
>> ===========================================
>>     0: 70 71                jo     0x73
>>     2: 6d                    insl   (%dx),%es:(%rdi)
>>     3: 2b                    .byte 0x2b
> 
> As a general thing, can you *please* fix this code dump to decode arm64 as
> arm64?
> 
> Given the instructions before this are all UDF #0, I suspect the page table
> entry has been corrupted and this is pointing at entirely the wrong page.
> 
> Thanks,
> Mark.
> 
>> [  384.134161] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
>> [  384.134168] Kernel panic - not syncing: Oops: Fatal exception in interrupt
>> [  384.134173] SMP: stopping secondary CPUs
>> [  384.134184] Kernel Offset: disabled
>> [  384.134187] CPU features: 0x8000020c,3c020000,0000421b
>> [  384.134194] Memory Limit: none
>>
>> Links:
>>   - https://qa-reports.linaro.org/lkft/linux-next-master/build/next-20230919/testrun/20054202/suite/log-parser-test/tests/
>>   - https://qa-reports.linaro.org/lkft/linux-next-master/build/next-20230919/testrun/20054202/suite/log-parser-test/test/check-kernel-oops/log
>>   - https://storage.tuxsuite.com/public/linaro/lkft/builds/2VbZdpWwncUx8oSxsSXCWV3N5DH/
>>   - https://lkft.validation.linaro.org/scheduler/job/6666807#L2461
>>
>> --
>> Linaro LKFT
>> https://lkft.linaro.org
> 
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