Message-ID: <CAG_fn=Wr86MxbhxajObGw+Zoa_Y8zhGb8RVwhZdQmKxj4mxdTA@mail.gmail.com>
Date:   Wed, 20 Sep 2023 15:26:57 +0200
From:   Alexander Potapenko <glider@...gle.com>
To:     Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>
Cc:     will@...nel.org, pcc@...gle.com, andreyknvl@...il.com,
        andriy.shevchenko@...ux.intel.com, linux@...musvillemoes.dk,
        yury.norov@...il.com, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org, eugenis@...gle.com,
        syednwaris@...il.com, william.gray@...aro.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v4 5/5] arm64: mte: add compression support to mteswap.c

On Fri, Aug 18, 2023 at 8:18 PM Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com> wrote:
>
> On Thu, Jul 20, 2023 at 07:39:56PM +0200, Alexander Potapenko wrote:
> > Soon after booting Android, tag compression saves ~2.5x memory previously
> > spent by mteswap.c on tag allocations. With the growing uptime, the
> > savings reach 20x and even more.
>
> This sounds like a marketing claim ;). The way I read your statement is
> that the memory used for tag storage is 2.5x less with your patches and
> that's great. It means a 2.5x compression on average. How does the
> compression get so much better to 20x with more uptime?

I am currently looking at this, and I think this happens because some
userspace apps assign zero tags to userspace pages, and those tags are
effectively zero-cost, because they can be compressed into 8 bytes of
the Xarray pointer.
As the uptime grows, the share of such pages also grows.
I agree though that this is a marginal use case, and the average
compression rate is more representative.

> The number of
> tag storage allocations should be proportional to the pages swapped out
> (not equal as not all would be mapped as PROT_MTE).

We think a reasonable upper bound for PROT_MTE pages is 40%, but
currently it is probably more like 20%.


> So you can indeed
> have a lot more pages swapped out than available in RAM and the tag
> storage can take space but not sure which numbers you divided to get
> 20x.

Right now (in kernel 6.5) the amount of memory spent to store the tags
can be calculated as 128 * (number of mte_allocate_tag_storage() calls
- number of mte_free_tag_storage() calls).
In my patchset I calculate the total amount of memory
allocated/deallocated from the mte-tags-N caches and compare that with
128 * (total number of live objects in those caches).
E.g. the stats after booting up the device (~120s uptime) look as follows:

8 bytes: 14007 allocations, 256 deallocations
16 bytes: 1583 allocations, 179 deallocations
32 bytes: 1634 allocations, 205 deallocations
64 bytes: 1538 allocations, 142 deallocations
128 bytes: 10881 allocations, 1340 deallocations
uncompressed tag storage size: 3522688
compressed tag storage size: 1488792

(note 8-byte allocations contribute to uncompressed storage, but not
to compressed storage).

After running various apps, I made the device use almost 19Mb swap space:
8 bytes: 71352 allocations, 8093 deallocations
16 bytes: 5102 allocations, 2598 deallocations
32 bytes: 8206 allocations, 4536 deallocations
64 bytes: 9489 allocations, 5377 deallocations
128 bytes: 43258 allocations, 23364 deallocations
uncompressed tag storage size: 11960192
compressed tag storage size: 2967104

(Note the share of allocations compressed into 8 bytes is slowly growing)

In this case the compression ratio is 4x. I must admit I could not
reproduce the 20x compression this time, and after thinking a little I
anticipate the absolute values to be lower in that case (maybe that
was observed at some point where a lot of uncompressed data was
evicted from swap).

I therefore think I'd better make a modester claim in the docs/patch
description.



>
> Anyway, it would be nice to see the full picture of what the savings
> relative to the total RAM is. Given that the swap in this instance is
> zram, you have an upper bound of how many pages it can store. I'm just
> trying to assess whether the complexity added here is worth it.
>
> Maybe not as good as the RLE algorithm here, I was wondering whether we
> could use zswap to save the tags together with the page. I looked some
> time ago at it seemed slightly easier for zswap than zram. Another
> option is to make the swap format more generic to support metadata
> storage. Yet another option is for the zram to flag that it can compress
> the metadata together with the data (no swap format change needed; when
> decompressing the page, it populates the tags as well).
>
> --
> Catalin



--
Alexander Potapenko
Software Engineer

Google Germany GmbH
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