Date:   Wed, 18 Oct 2023 09:04:31 +0200
From:   Beata Michalska <beata.michalska@....com>
To:     Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@...aro.org>
Cc:     mingo@...hat.com, peterz@...radead.org, juri.lelli@...hat.com,
        dietmar.eggemann@....com, rostedt@...dmis.org, bsegall@...gle.com,
        mgorman@...e.de, bristot@...hat.com, vschneid@...hat.com,
        rafael@...nel.org, viresh.kumar@...aro.org, qyousef@...alina.io,
        linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-pm@...r.kernel.org,
        lukasz.luba@....com
Subject: Re: [PATCH 1/2] sched/schedutil: rework performance estimation

Hi Vincent,

On Fri, Oct 13, 2023 at 05:14:49PM +0200, Vincent Guittot wrote:
> The current method to take into account uclamp hints when estimating the
> target frequency can end into situation where the selected target
> frequency is finally higher than uclamp hints whereas there are no real
> needs. Such cases mainly happen because we are currently mixing the
> traditional scheduler utilization signal with the uclamp performance
> hints. By adding these 2 metrics, we loose an important information when
> it comes to select the target frequency and we have to make some
> assumptions which can't fit all cases.
> 
> Rework the interface between the scheduler and schedutil governor in order
> to propagate all information down to the cpufreq governor.
/governor/driver ?
> 
> effective_cpu_util() interface changes and now returns the actual
> utilization of the CPU with 2 optional inputs:
> - The minimum performance for this CPU; typically the capacity to handle
>   the deadline task and the interrupt pressure. But also uclamp_min
>   request when available.
> - The maximum targeting performance for this CPU which reflects the
>   maximum level that we would like to not exceed. By default it will be
>   the CPU capacity but can be reduced because of some performance hints
>   set with uclamp. The value can be lower than actual utilization and/or
>   min performance level.
> 
> A new sugov_effective_cpu_perf() interface is also available to compute
> the final performance level that is targeted for the CPU after applying
> some cpufreq headroom and taking into account all inputs.
> 
> With these 2 functions, schedutil is now able to decide when it must go
> above uclamp hints. It now also have a generic way to get the min
> perfromance level.
> 
> The dependency between energy model and cpufreq governor and its headroom
> policy doesn't exist anymore.
> 
> eenv_pd_max_util asks schedutil for the targeted performance after
> applying the impact of the waking task.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@...aro.org>
> ---
>  include/linux/energy_model.h     |  1 -
>  kernel/sched/core.c              | 85 ++++++++++++--------------------
>  kernel/sched/cpufreq_schedutil.c | 43 ++++++++++++----
>  kernel/sched/fair.c              | 22 +++++++--
>  kernel/sched/sched.h             | 24 +++------
>  5 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/energy_model.h b/include/linux/energy_model.h
> index b9caa01dfac4..adec808b371a 100644
> --- a/include/linux/energy_model.h
> +++ b/include/linux/energy_model.h
> @@ -243,7 +243,6 @@ static inline unsigned long em_cpu_energy(struct em_perf_domain *pd,
>  	scale_cpu = arch_scale_cpu_capacity(cpu);
>  	ps = &pd->table[pd->nr_perf_states - 1];
>  
> -	max_util = map_util_perf(max_util);
Even though the effective_cpu_util does no longer include the headroom, it is
being applied by sugov further down the line (sugov_effective_cpu_perf).
Won't that bring back the original problem when freq selection within EM is
not align with the one performed by sugov ?
>  	max_util = min(max_util, allowed_cpu_cap);
>  	freq = map_util_freq(max_util, ps->frequency, scale_cpu);
>  
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/core.c b/kernel/sched/core.c
> index a3f9cd52eec5..78228abd1219 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/core.c
> +++ b/kernel/sched/core.c
> @@ -7381,18 +7381,13 @@ int sched_core_idle_cpu(int cpu)
>   * required to meet deadlines.
>   */
>  unsigned long effective_cpu_util(int cpu, unsigned long util_cfs,
> -				 enum cpu_util_type type,
> -				 struct task_struct *p)
> +				 unsigned long *min,
> +				 unsigned long *max)
>  {
> -	unsigned long dl_util, util, irq, max;
> +	unsigned long util, irq, scale;
>  	struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
>  
> -	max = arch_scale_cpu_capacity(cpu);
> -
> -	if (!uclamp_is_used() &&
> -	    type == FREQUENCY_UTIL && rt_rq_is_runnable(&rq->rt)) {
> -		return max;
> -	}
> +	scale = arch_scale_cpu_capacity(cpu);
>  
>  	/*
>  	 * Early check to see if IRQ/steal time saturates the CPU, can be
> @@ -7400,45 +7395,36 @@ unsigned long effective_cpu_util(int cpu, unsigned long util_cfs,
>  	 * update_irq_load_avg().
>  	 */
>  	irq = cpu_util_irq(rq);
> -	if (unlikely(irq >= max))
> -		return max;
> +	if (unlikely(irq >= scale)) {
> +		if (min)
> +			*min = scale;
> +		if (max)
> +			*max = scale;
> +		return scale;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* The minimum utilization returns the highest level between:
> +	 * - the computed DL bandwidth needed with the irq pressure which
> +	 *   steals time to the deadline task.
> +	 * - The minimum bandwidth requirement for CFS.
> +	 */
> +	if (min)
> +		*min = max(irq + cpu_bw_dl(rq), uclamp_rq_get(rq, UCLAMP_MIN));
>  
>  	/*
>  	 * Because the time spend on RT/DL tasks is visible as 'lost' time to
>  	 * CFS tasks and we use the same metric to track the effective
>  	 * utilization (PELT windows are synchronized) we can directly add them
>  	 * to obtain the CPU's actual utilization.
> -	 *
> -	 * CFS and RT utilization can be boosted or capped, depending on
> -	 * utilization clamp constraints requested by currently RUNNABLE
> -	 * tasks.
> -	 * When there are no CFS RUNNABLE tasks, clamps are released and
> -	 * frequency will be gracefully reduced with the utilization decay.
>  	 */
>  	util = util_cfs + cpu_util_rt(rq);
> -	if (type == FREQUENCY_UTIL)
> -		util = uclamp_rq_util_with(rq, util, p);
> -
> -	dl_util = cpu_util_dl(rq);
> -
> -	/*
> -	 * For frequency selection we do not make cpu_util_dl() a permanent part
> -	 * of this sum because we want to use cpu_bw_dl() later on, but we need
> -	 * to check if the CFS+RT+DL sum is saturated (ie. no idle time) such
> -	 * that we select f_max when there is no idle time.
> -	 *
> -	 * NOTE: numerical errors or stop class might cause us to not quite hit
> -	 * saturation when we should -- something for later.
> -	 */
> -	if (util + dl_util >= max)
> -		return max;
> +	util += cpu_util_dl(rq);
>  
> -	/*
> -	 * OTOH, for energy computation we need the estimated running time, so
> -	 * include util_dl and ignore dl_bw.
> -	 */
> -	if (type == ENERGY_UTIL)
> -		util += dl_util;
> +	if (util >= scale) {
> +		if (max)
> +			*max = scale;
> +		return scale;
> +	}
>  
>  	/*
>  	 * There is still idle time; further improve the number by using the
> @@ -7449,28 +7435,21 @@ unsigned long effective_cpu_util(int cpu, unsigned long util_cfs,
>  	 *   U' = irq + --------- * U
>  	 *                 max
>  	 */
> -	util = scale_irq_capacity(util, irq, max);
> +	util = scale_irq_capacity(util, irq, scale);
>  	util += irq;
>  
> -	/*
> -	 * Bandwidth required by DEADLINE must always be granted while, for
> -	 * FAIR and RT, we use blocked utilization of IDLE CPUs as a mechanism
> -	 * to gracefully reduce the frequency when no tasks show up for longer
> -	 * periods of time.
> -	 *
> -	 * Ideally we would like to set bw_dl as min/guaranteed freq and util +
> -	 * bw_dl as requested freq. However, cpufreq is not yet ready for such
> -	 * an interface. So, we only do the latter for now.
> +	/* The maximum hint is a soft bandwidth requirement which can be lower
> +	 * than the actual utilization because of max uclamp requirments
>  	 */
> -	if (type == FREQUENCY_UTIL)
> -		util += cpu_bw_dl(rq);
> +	if (max)
> +		*max = min(scale, uclamp_rq_get(rq, UCLAMP_MAX));
>  
> -	return min(max, util);
> +	return min(scale, util);
>  }
>  
>  unsigned long sched_cpu_util(int cpu)
>  {
> -	return effective_cpu_util(cpu, cpu_util_cfs(cpu), ENERGY_UTIL, NULL);
> +	return effective_cpu_util(cpu, cpu_util_cfs(cpu), NULL, NULL);
>  }
>  #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
>  
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/cpufreq_schedutil.c b/kernel/sched/cpufreq_schedutil.c
> index 458d359f5991..8cb323522b90 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/cpufreq_schedutil.c
> +++ b/kernel/sched/cpufreq_schedutil.c
> @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ struct sugov_cpu {
>  	u64			last_update;
>  
>  	unsigned long		util;
> -	unsigned long		bw_dl;
> +	unsigned long		bw_min;
>  
>  	/* The field below is for single-CPU policies only: */
>  #ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON
> @@ -143,7 +143,6 @@ static unsigned int get_next_freq(struct sugov_policy *sg_policy,
>  	unsigned int freq = arch_scale_freq_invariant() ?
>  				policy->cpuinfo.max_freq : policy->cur;
>  
> -	util = map_util_perf(util);
>  	freq = map_util_freq(util, freq, max);
>  
>  	if (freq == sg_policy->cached_raw_freq && !sg_policy->need_freq_update)
> @@ -153,14 +152,38 @@ static unsigned int get_next_freq(struct sugov_policy *sg_policy,
>  	return cpufreq_driver_resolve_freq(policy, freq);
>  }
>  
> +unsigned long sugov_effective_cpu_perf(int cpu, unsigned long actual,
> +				 unsigned long min,
> +				 unsigned long max)
> +{
> +	unsigned long target;
> +	struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
> +
> +	if (rt_rq_is_runnable(&rq->rt))
> +		return max;
> +
> +	/* Provide at least enough capacity for DL + irq */
> +	target =  min;
Minor, but it might be worth to mention UCLAMP_MIN here, otherwise the return
statement might get bit confusing.
> +
> +	actual = map_util_perf(actual);
> +	/* Actually we don't need to target the max performance */
> +	if (actual < max)
> +		max = actual;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Ensure at least minimum performance while providing more compute
> +	 * capacity when possible.
> +	 */
> +	return max(target, max);
> +}
> +
>  static void sugov_get_util(struct sugov_cpu *sg_cpu)
>  {
> -	unsigned long util = cpu_util_cfs_boost(sg_cpu->cpu);
> -	struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(sg_cpu->cpu);
> +	unsigned long min, max, util = cpu_util_cfs_boost(sg_cpu->cpu);
>  
> -	sg_cpu->bw_dl = cpu_bw_dl(rq);
> -	sg_cpu->util = effective_cpu_util(sg_cpu->cpu, util,
> -					  FREQUENCY_UTIL, NULL);
> +	util = effective_cpu_util(sg_cpu->cpu, util, &min, &max);
> +	sg_cpu->bw_min = map_util_perf(min);
> +	sg_cpu->util = sugov_effective_cpu_perf(sg_cpu->cpu, util, min, max);
>  }
>  
>  /**
> @@ -306,7 +329,7 @@ static inline bool sugov_cpu_is_busy(struct sugov_cpu *sg_cpu) { return false; }
>   */
>  static inline void ignore_dl_rate_limit(struct sugov_cpu *sg_cpu)
>  {
> -	if (cpu_bw_dl(cpu_rq(sg_cpu->cpu)) > sg_cpu->bw_dl)
> +	if (cpu_bw_dl(cpu_rq(sg_cpu->cpu)) > sg_cpu->bw_min)
>  		sg_cpu->sg_policy->limits_changed = true;
Because the bw_min now includes the headroom, this might not catch potential
changes in DL util, not sure though if that could be an issue.
>  }
>  
> @@ -407,8 +430,8 @@ static void sugov_update_single_perf(struct update_util_data *hook, u64 time,
>  	    sugov_cpu_is_busy(sg_cpu) && sg_cpu->util < prev_util)
>  		sg_cpu->util = prev_util;
>  
> -	cpufreq_driver_adjust_perf(sg_cpu->cpu, map_util_perf(sg_cpu->bw_dl),
> -				   map_util_perf(sg_cpu->util), max_cap);
> +	cpufreq_driver_adjust_perf(sg_cpu->cpu, sg_cpu->bw_min,
> +				   sg_cpu->util, max_cap);
>  
>  	sg_cpu->sg_policy->last_freq_update_time = time;
>  }
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/fair.c b/kernel/sched/fair.c
> index 922905194c0c..d4f7b2f49c44 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/fair.c
> +++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c
> @@ -7628,7 +7628,7 @@ static inline void eenv_pd_busy_time(struct energy_env *eenv,
>  	for_each_cpu(cpu, pd_cpus) {
>  		unsigned long util = cpu_util(cpu, p, -1, 0);
>  
> -		busy_time += effective_cpu_util(cpu, util, ENERGY_UTIL, NULL);
> +		busy_time += effective_cpu_util(cpu, util, NULL, NULL);
>  	}
>  
>  	eenv->pd_busy_time = min(eenv->pd_cap, busy_time);
> @@ -7651,7 +7651,7 @@ eenv_pd_max_util(struct energy_env *eenv, struct cpumask *pd_cpus,
>  	for_each_cpu(cpu, pd_cpus) {
>  		struct task_struct *tsk = (cpu == dst_cpu) ? p : NULL;
>  		unsigned long util = cpu_util(cpu, p, dst_cpu, 1);
> -		unsigned long eff_util;
> +		unsigned long eff_util, min, max;
>  
>  		/*
>  		 * Performance domain frequency: utilization clamping
> @@ -7660,7 +7660,23 @@ eenv_pd_max_util(struct energy_env *eenv, struct cpumask *pd_cpus,
>  		 * NOTE: in case RT tasks are running, by default the
>  		 * FREQUENCY_UTIL's utilization can be max OPP.
>  		 */
> -		eff_util = effective_cpu_util(cpu, util, FREQUENCY_UTIL, tsk);
> +		eff_util = effective_cpu_util(cpu, util, &min, &max);
> +
> +		/* Task's uclamp can modify min and max value */
> +		if (tsk && uclamp_is_used()) {
> +			min = max(min, uclamp_eff_value(p, UCLAMP_MIN));
> +
> +			/*
> +			 * If there is no active max uclamp constraint,
> +			 * directly use task's one otherwise keep max
> +			 */
> +			if (uclamp_rq_is_idle(cpu_rq(cpu)))
> +				max = uclamp_eff_value(p, UCLAMP_MAX);
> +			else
> +				max = max(max, uclamp_eff_value(p, UCLAMP_MAX));
> +		}
> +
> +		eff_util = sugov_effective_cpu_perf(cpu, eff_util, min, max);
This will include the headroom so won't it inflate the util here ?

---
BR
B.
>  		max_util = max(max_util, eff_util);
>  	}
>  
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/sched.h b/kernel/sched/sched.h
> index 65cad0e5729e..3873b4de7cfa 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/sched.h
> +++ b/kernel/sched/sched.h
> @@ -2962,24 +2962,14 @@ static inline void cpufreq_update_util(struct rq *rq, unsigned int flags) {}
>  #endif
>  
>  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
> -/**
> - * enum cpu_util_type - CPU utilization type
> - * @FREQUENCY_UTIL:	Utilization used to select frequency
> - * @ENERGY_UTIL:	Utilization used during energy calculation
> - *
> - * The utilization signals of all scheduling classes (CFS/RT/DL) and IRQ time
> - * need to be aggregated differently depending on the usage made of them. This
> - * enum is used within effective_cpu_util() to differentiate the types of
> - * utilization expected by the callers, and adjust the aggregation accordingly.
> - */
> -enum cpu_util_type {
> -	FREQUENCY_UTIL,
> -	ENERGY_UTIL,
> -};
> -
>  unsigned long effective_cpu_util(int cpu, unsigned long util_cfs,
> -				 enum cpu_util_type type,
> -				 struct task_struct *p);
> +				 unsigned long *min,
> +				 unsigned long *max);
> +
> +unsigned long sugov_effective_cpu_perf(int cpu, unsigned long actual,
> +				 unsigned long min,
> +				 unsigned long max);
> +
>  
>  /*
>   * Verify the fitness of task @p to run on @cpu taking into account the
> -- 
> 2.34.1
> 

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