Date:   Fri, 8 Dec 2023 17:23:56 -0500
From:   Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@...istor.com>
To:     David Howells <dhowells@...hat.com>
Cc:     Bill MacAllister <bill@...zephyr.org>,
        linux-afs@...ts.infradead.org,
        Marc Dionne <marc.dionne@...istor.com>,
        linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH] afs: Fix refcount underflow from error handling race


> On Dec 8, 2023, at 5:07 PM, David Howells <dhowells@...hat.com> wrote:
> 
> If an AFS cell that has an unreachable (eg. ENETUNREACH) Volume Location
> server listed, an asynchronous probe to one of its addresses may fail
> immediately because sendmsg() returns an error.  When this happens, a
> refcount underflow can happen if certain events hit a very small window.
> 
> The way this occurs is:
> 
> (1) There are two levels of "call" object, the afs_call and the
>     rxrpc_call.  Each of them can be transitioned to a "completed" state
>     in the event of success or failure.
> 
> (2) Asynchronous afs_calls are self-referential whilst they are active to
>     prevent them from evaporating when they're not being processed.  This
>     reference is disposed of when the afs_call is completed.
> 
>     Note that an afs_call may only be completed once; once completed
>     completing it again will do nothing.
> 
> (3) When a call transmission is made, the app-side rxrpc code queues a Tx
>     buffer for the rxrpc I/O thread to transmit.  The I/O thread invokes
>     sendmsg() to transmit it - and in the case of failure, it transitions
>     the rxrpc_call to the completed state.
> 
> (4) When an rxrpc_call is completed, the app layer is notified.  In this
>     case, the app is kafs and it schedules a work item to process events
>     pertaining to an afs_call.
> 
> (5) When the afs_call event processor is run, it goes down through the
>     RPC-specific handler to afs_extract_data() to retrieve data from rxrpc
>     - and, in this case, it picks up the error from the rxrpc_call and
>     returns it.
> 
>     The error is then propagated to the afs_call and that is completed
>     too.  At this point the self-reference is released.
> 
> (6) If the rxrpc I/O thread manages to complete the rxrpc_call within the
>     window between rxrpc_send_data() queuing the request packet and
>     checking for call completion on the way out, then
>     rxrpc_kernel_send_data() will return the error from sendmsg() to the
>     app.
> 
> (7) Then afs_make_call() will see an error and will jump to the error
>     handling path which will attempt to clean up the afs_call.
> 
> (8) The problem comes when the error handling path in afs_make_call()
>     tries to unconditionally drop an async afs_call's self-reference.
>     This self-reference, however, may already have been dropped by
>     afs_extract_data() completing the afs_call
> 
> (9) The refcount underflows when we return to afs_do_probe_vlserver() and
>     that tries to drop its reference on the afs_call.
> 
> Fix this by making afs_make_call() attempt to complete the afs_call rather
> than unconditionally putting it.  That way, if afs_extract_data() manages
> to complete the call first, afs_make_call() won't do anything.
> 
> The bug can be forced by making do_udp_sendmsg() return -ENETUNREACH and
> sticking an msleep() in rxrpc_send_data() after the 'success:' label.
> 
> The error message looks something like:
> 
>    refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.
>    WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 720 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xba/0x110
>    ...
>    RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0xba/0x110
>    ...
>    afs_put_call+0x1dc/0x1f0 [kafs]
>    afs_fs_get_capabilities+0x8b/0xe0 [kafs]
>    afs_fs_probe_fileserver+0x188/0x1e0 [kafs]
>    afs_lookup_server+0x3bf/0x3f0 [kafs]
>    afs_alloc_server_list+0x130/0x2e0 [kafs]
>    afs_create_volume+0x162/0x400 [kafs]
>    afs_get_tree+0x266/0x410 [kafs]
>    vfs_get_tree+0x25/0xc0
>    fc_mount+0xe/0x40
>    afs_d_automount+0x1b3/0x390 [kafs]
>    __traverse_mounts+0x8f/0x210
>    step_into+0x340/0x760
>    path_openat+0x13a/0x1260
>    do_filp_open+0xaf/0x160
>    do_sys_openat2+0xaf/0x170
> 
> or something like:
> 
>    refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.
>    ...
>    RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x99/0xda
>    ...
>    afs_put_call+0x4a/0x175
>    afs_send_vl_probes+0x108/0x172
>    afs_select_vlserver+0xd6/0x311
>    afs_do_cell_detect_alias+0x5e/0x1e9
>    afs_cell_detect_alias+0x44/0x92
>    afs_validate_fc+0x9d/0x134
>    afs_get_tree+0x20/0x2e6
>    vfs_get_tree+0x1d/0xc9
>    fc_mount+0xe/0x33
>    afs_d_automount+0x48/0x9d
>    __traverse_mounts+0xe0/0x166
>    step_into+0x140/0x274
>    open_last_lookups+0x1c1/0x1df
>    path_openat+0x138/0x1c3
>    do_filp_open+0x55/0xb4
>    do_sys_openat2+0x6c/0xb6
> 
> Fixes: 34fa47612bfe ("afs: Fix race in async call refcounting")
> Reported-by: Bill MacAllister <bill@...zephyr.org>
> Closes: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1052304
> Suggested-by: Jeffrey E Altman <jaltman@...istor.com>
> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@...hat.com>
> cc: Marc Dionne <marc.dionne@...istor.com>
> cc: linux-afs@...ts.infradead.org
> ---
> fs/afs/rxrpc.c |    2 +-
> 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
> 
> diff --git a/fs/afs/rxrpc.c b/fs/afs/rxrpc.c
> index ed1644e7683f..d642d06a453b 100644
> --- a/fs/afs/rxrpc.c
> +++ b/fs/afs/rxrpc.c
> @@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ void afs_make_call(struct afs_addr_cursor *ac, struct afs_call *call, gfp_t gfp)
> if (call->async) {
> if (cancel_work_sync(&call->async_work))
> afs_put_call(call);
> - afs_put_call(call);
> + afs_set_call_complete(call, ret, 0);
> }
> 
> ac->error = ret;
> 

Reviewed-by: Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@...istor.com>


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