Message-ID: <CAD=FV=WtJCkdSY=HYDmBjn3hc4TYT7j0bMxGCV-=B3o3bm-kpQ@mail.gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 8 Jan 2024 16:54:28 -0800
From: Doug Anderson <dianders@...omium.org>
To: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>, Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>, Marc Zyngier <maz@...nel.org>, 
	Misono Tomohiro <misono.tomohiro@...itsu.com>, Chen-Yu Tsai <wens@...e.org>, 
	Stephen Boyd <swboyd@...omium.org>, Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@...aro.org>, 
	Sumit Garg <sumit.garg@...aro.org>, Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@...nel.org>, 
	"Guilherme G. Piccoli" <gpiccoli@...lia.com>, Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...nel.org>, 
	Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>, Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>, 
	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>, Tony Luck <tony.luck@...el.com>, 
	Valentin Schneider <vschneid@...hat.com>, linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org, 
	linux-hardening@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH] arm64: smp: smp_send_stop() and crash_smp_send_stop()
 should try non-NMI first

Hi,

On Thu, Dec 7, 2023 at 5:03 PM Douglas Anderson <dianders@...omium.org> wrote:
>
> When testing hard lockup handling on my sc7180-trogdor-lazor device
> with pseudo-NMI enabled, with serial console enabled and with kgdb
> disabled, I found that the stack crawls printed to the serial console
> ended up as a jumbled mess. After rebooting, the pstore-based console
> looked fine though. Also, enabling kgdb to trap the panic made the
> console look fine and avoided the mess.
>
> After a bit of tracking down, I came to the conclusion that this was
> what was happening:
> 1. The panic path was stopping all other CPUs with
>    panic_other_cpus_shutdown().
> 2. At least one of those other CPUs was in the middle of printing to
>    the serial console and holding the console port's lock, which is
>    grabbed with "irqsave". ...but since we were stopping with an NMI
>    we didn't care about the "irqsave" and interrupted anyway.
> 3. Since we stopped the CPU while it was holding the lock it would
>    never release it.
> 4. All future calls to output to the console would end up failing to
>    get the lock in qcom_geni_serial_console_write(). This isn't
>    _totally_ unexpected at panic time but it's a code path that's not
>    well tested, hard to get right, and apparently doesn't work
>    terribly well on the Qualcomm geni serial driver.
>
> It would probably be a reasonable idea to try to make the Qualcomm
> geni serial driver work better, but also it's nice not to get into
> this situation in the first place.
>
> Taking a page from what x86 appears to do in native_stop_other_cpus(),
> let's do this:
> 1. First, we'll try to stop other CPUs with a normal IPI and wait a
>    second. This gives them a chance to leave critical sections.
> 2. If CPUs fail to stop then we'll retry with an NMI, but give a much
>    lower timeout since there's no good reason for a CPU not to react
>    quickly to a NMI.
>
> This works well and avoids the corrupted console and (presumably)
> could help avoid other similar issues.
>
> In order to do this, we need to do a little re-organization of our
> IPIs since we don't have any more free IDs. We'll do what was
> suggested in previous conversations and combine "stop" and "crash
> stop". That frees up an IPI so now we can have a "stop" and "stop
> NMI".
>
> In order to do this we also need a slight change in the way we keep
> track of which CPUs still need to be stopped. We need to know
> specifically which CPUs haven't stopped yet when we fall back to NMI
> but in the "crash stop" case the "cpu_online_mask" isn't updated as
> CPUs go down. This is why that code path had an atomic of the number
> of CPUs left. We'll solve this by making the cpumask into a
> global. This has a potential memory implication--with NR_CPUs = 4096
> this is 4096/8 = 512 bytes of globals. On the upside in that same case
> we take 512 bytes off the stack which could potentially have made the
> stop code less reliable. It can be noted that the NMI backtrace code
> (lib/nmi_backtrace.c) uses the same approach and that use also
> confirms that updating the mask is safe from NMI.
>
> All of the above lets us combine the logic for "stop" and "crash stop"
> code, which appeared to have a bunch of arbitrary implementation
> differences. Possibly this could make up for some of the 512 wasted
> bytes. ;-)
>
> Aside from the above change where we try a normal IPI and then an NMI,
> the combined function has a few subtle differences:
> * In the normal smp_send_stop(), if we fail to stop one or more CPUs
>   then we won't include the current CPU (the one running
>   smp_send_stop()) in the error message.
> * In crash_smp_send_stop(), if we fail to stop some CPUs we'll print
>   the CPUs that we failed to stop instead of printing all _but_ the
>   current running CPU.
> * In crash_smp_send_stop(), we will now only print "SMP: stopping
>   secondary CPUs" if (system_state <= SYSTEM_RUNNING).
>
> Fixes: d7402513c935 ("arm64: smp: IPI_CPU_STOP and IPI_CPU_CRASH_STOP should try for NMI")
> Signed-off-by: Douglas Anderson <dianders@...omium.org>
> ---
> I'm not setup to test the crash_smp_send_stop(). I made sure it
> compiled and hacked the panic() method to call it, but I haven't
> actually run kexec. Hopefully others can confirm that it's working for
> them.
>
>  arch/arm64/kernel/smp.c | 115 +++++++++++++++++++---------------------
>  1 file changed, 54 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-)

The sound of crickets is overwhelming. ;-) Does anyone have any
comments here? Is this a terrible idea? Is this the best idea you've
heard all year (it's only been 8 days, so maybe)? Is this great but
the implementation is lacking (at best)? Do you hate that this waits
for 1 second and wish it waited for 1 ms? 10 ms? 100 ms? 8192 ms?

Aside from the weirdness of a processor being killed while holding the
console lock, it does seem beneficial to give IRQs at least a little
time to finish before killing a processor. I don't have any other
explicit examples, but I could just imagine that things might be a
little more orderly in such a case...

-Doug

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