Date: Tue, 16 Jan 2024 12:17:42 +0100
From: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@...radead.org>
To: paul@....org, kvm@...r.kernel.org, linux-kernel
 <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>, Paolo Bonzini
 <pbonzini@...hat.com>,  Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>, Ingo Molnar
 <mingo@...hat.com>, Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>, Dave Hansen
 <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>, x86@...nel.org, "H. Peter Anvin"
 <hpa@...or.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3] KVM: x86/xen: improve accuracy of Xen timers

On Fri, 2023-12-15 at 09:07 +0000, Durrant, Paul wrote:
> On 14/12/2023 16:54, David Woodhouse wrote:
> > From: David Woodhouse <dwmw@...zon.co.uk>
> > 
> > A test program such as http://david.woodhou.se/timerlat.c confirms user
> > reports that timers are increasingly inaccurate as the lifetime of a
> > guest increases. Reporting the actual delay observed when asking for
> > 100µs of sleep, it starts off OK on a newly-launched guest but gets
> > worse over time, giving incorrect sleep times:
> > 
> > root@...10-0-193-21:~# ./timerlat -c -n 5
> > 00000000 latency 103243/100000 (3.2430%)
> > 00000001 latency 103243/100000 (3.2430%)
> > 00000002 latency 103242/100000 (3.2420%)
> > 00000003 latency 103245/100000 (3.2450%)
> > 00000004 latency 103245/100000 (3.2450%)
> > 
> > The biggest problem is that get_kvmclock_ns() returns inaccurate values
> > when the guest TSC is scaled. The guest sees a TSC value scaled from the
> > host TSC by a mul/shift conversion (hopefully done in hardware). The
> > guest then converts that guest TSC value into nanoseconds using the
> > mul/shift conversion given to it by the KVM pvclock information.
> > 
> > But get_kvmclock_ns() performs only a single conversion directly from
> > host TSC to nanoseconds, giving a different result. A test program at
> > http://david.woodhou.se/tsdrift.c demonstrates the cumulative error
> > over a day.
> > 
> > It's non-trivial to fix get_kvmclock_ns(), although I'll come back to
> > that. The actual guest hv_clock is per-CPU, and *theoretically* each
> > vCPU could be running at a *different* frequency. But this patch is
> > needed anyway because...
> > 
> > The other issue with Xen timers was that the code would snapshot the
> > host CLOCK_MONOTONIC at some point in time, and then... after a few
> > interrupts may have occurred, some preemption perhaps... would also read
> > the guest's kvmclock. Then it would proceed under the false assumption
> > that those two happened at the *same* time. Any time which *actually*
> > elapsed between reading the two clocks was introduced as inaccuracies
> > in the time at which the timer fired.
> > 
> > Fix it to use a variant of kvm_get_time_and_clockread(), which reads the
> > host TSC just *once*, then use the returned TSC value to calculate the
> > kvmclock (making sure to do that the way the guest would instead of
> > making the same mistake get_kvmclock_ns() does).
> > 
> > Sadly, hrtimers based on CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW are not supported, so Xen
> > timers still have to use CLOCK_MONOTONIC. In practice the difference
> > between the two won't matter over the timescales involved, as the
> > *absolute* values don't matter; just the delta.
> > 
> > This does mean a new variant of kvm_get_time_and_clockread() is needed;
> > called kvm_get_monotonic_and_clockread() because that's what it does.
> > 
> > Fixes: 536395260582 ("KVM: x86/xen: handle PV timers oneshot mode")
> > Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@...zon.co.uk>
> > ---
> > v3:
> >     • Rebase and repost.
> > 
> > v2:
> >     • Fall back to get_kvmclock_ns() if vcpu-arch.hv_clock isn't set up
> >       yet, with a big comment explaining why that's actually OK.
> >     • Fix do_monotonic() *not* to add the boot time offset.
> >     • Rename do_monotonic_raw() → do_kvmclock_base() and add a comment
> >       to make it clear that it *does* add the boot time offset. That
> >       was just left as a bear trap for the unwary developer, wasn't it?
> > 
> >    arch/x86/kvm/x86.c |  61 +++++++++++++++++++++--
> >    arch/x86/kvm/x86.h |   1 +
> >    arch/x86/kvm/xen.c | 121 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
> >    3 files changed, 149 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)
> > 
> 
> Reviewed-by: Paul Durrant <paul@....org>

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