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Message-ID: <20240222-gunyah-v17-1-1e9da6763d38@quicinc.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Feb 2024 15:16:24 -0800
From: Elliot Berman <quic_eberman@...cinc.com>
To: Alex Elder <elder@...aro.org>,
Srinivas Kandagatla
<srinivas.kandagatla@...aro.org>,
Murali Nalajal <quic_mnalajal@...cinc.com>,
Trilok Soni <quic_tsoni@...cinc.com>,
Srivatsa Vaddagiri
<quic_svaddagi@...cinc.com>,
Carl van Schaik <quic_cvanscha@...cinc.com>,
Philip Derrin <quic_pderrin@...cinc.com>,
Prakruthi Deepak Heragu
<quic_pheragu@...cinc.com>,
Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>, Rob Herring
<robh+dt@...nel.org>,
Krzysztof Kozlowski
<krzysztof.kozlowski+dt@...aro.org>,
Conor Dooley <conor+dt@...nel.org>,
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>,
Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>,
Konrad Dybcio <konrad.dybcio@...aro.org>,
Bjorn Andersson
<andersson@...nel.org>,
Dmitry Baryshkov <dmitry.baryshkov@...aro.org>,
"Fuad
Tabba" <tabba@...gle.com>,
Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>,
"Andrew
Morton" <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
CC: <linux-arm-msm@...r.kernel.org>, <linux-doc@...r.kernel.org>,
<linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>, <devicetree@...r.kernel.org>,
<linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org>, <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
Elliot Berman
<quic_eberman@...cinc.com>
Subject: [PATCH v17 01/35] docs: gunyah: Introduce Gunyah Hypervisor
Gunyah is an open-source Type-1 hypervisor developed by Qualcomm. It
does not depend on any lower-privileged OS/kernel code for its core
functionality. This increases its security and can support a smaller
trusted computing based when compared to Type-2 hypervisors.
Add documentation describing the Gunyah hypervisor and the main
components of the Gunyah hypervisor which are of interest to Linux
virtualization development.
Signed-off-by: Elliot Berman <quic_eberman@...cinc.com>
---
Documentation/virt/gunyah/index.rst | 135 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Documentation/virt/gunyah/message-queue.rst | 68 ++++++++++++++
Documentation/virt/index.rst | 1 +
3 files changed, 204 insertions(+)
diff --git a/Documentation/virt/gunyah/index.rst b/Documentation/virt/gunyah/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fba2c7a11d0f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/virt/gunyah/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=================
+Gunyah Hypervisor
+=================
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ message-queue
+
+Gunyah is a Type-1 hypervisor which is independent of any OS kernel, and runs in
+a more privileged CPU level (EL2 on Aarch64). It does not depend on a less
+privileged operating system for its core functionality. This increases its
+security and can support a much smaller trusted computing base than a Type-2
+hypervisor.
+
+Gunyah is an open source hypervisor. The source repository is available at
+https://github.com/quic/gunyah-hypervisor.
+
+Gunyah provides these following features.
+
+- Scheduling:
+
+ A scheduler for virtual CPUs (vCPUs) on physical CPUs enables time-sharing
+ of the CPUs. Gunyah supports two models of scheduling which can coexist on
+ a running system:
+
+ 1. Hypervisor vCPU scheduling in which Gunyah hypervisor schedules vCPUS on
+ its own. The default is a real-time priority with round-robin scheduler.
+ 2. "Proxy" scheduling in which an owner-VM can donate the remainder of its
+ own vCPU's time slice to an owned-VM's vCPU via a hypercall.
+
+- Memory Management:
+
+ APIs handling memory, abstracted as objects, limiting direct use of physical
+ addresses. Memory ownership and usage tracking of all memory under its control.
+ Memory partitioning between VMs is a fundamental security feature.
+
+- Interrupt Virtualization:
+
+ Interrupt ownership is tracked and interrupt delivery is directly to the
+ assigned VM. Gunyah makes use of hardware interrupt virtualization where
+ possible.
+
+- Inter-VM Communication:
+
+ There are several different mechanisms provided for communicating between VMs.
+
+ 1. Message queues
+ 2. Doorbells
+ 3. Virtio MMIO transport
+ 4. Shared memory
+
+- Virtual platform:
+
+ Architectural devices such as interrupt controllers and CPU timers are
+ directly provided by the hypervisor as well as core virtual platform devices
+ and system APIs such as ARM PSCI.
+
+- Device Virtualization:
+
+ Para-virtualization of devices is supported using inter-VM communication and
+ virtio transport support. Select stage 2 faults by virtual machines that use
+ proxy-scheduled vCPUs can be handled directly by Linux to provide Type-2
+ hypervisor style on-demand paging and/or device emulation.
+
+Architectures supported
+=======================
+AArch64 with a GICv3 or GICv4.1
+
+Resources and Capabilities
+==========================
+
+Services/resources provided by the Gunyah hypervisor are accessible to a
+virtual machine through capabilities. A capability is an access control
+token granting the holder a set of permissions to operate on a specific
+hypervisor object (conceptually similar to a file-descriptor).
+For example, inter-VM communication using Gunyah doorbells and message queues
+is performed using hypercalls taking Capability ID arguments for the required
+IPC objects. These resources are described in Linux as a struct gunyah_resource.
+
+Unlike UNIX file descriptors, there is no path-based or similar lookup of
+an object to create a new Capability, meaning simpler security analysis.
+Creation of a new Capability requires the holding of a set of privileged
+Capabilities which are typically never given out by the Resource Manager (RM).
+
+Gunyah itself provides no APIs for Capability ID discovery. Enumeration of
+Capability IDs is provided by RM as a higher level service to VMs.
+
+Resource Manager
+================
+
+The Gunyah Resource Manager (RM) is a privileged application VM supporting the
+Gunyah Hypervisor. It provides policy enforcement aspects of the virtualization
+system. The resource manager can be treated as an extension of the Hypervisor
+but is separated to its own partition to ensure that the hypervisor layer itself
+remains small and secure and to maintain a separation of policy and mechanism in
+the platform. The resource manager runs at arm64 NS-EL1, similar to other
+virtual machines.
+
+Communication with the resource manager from other virtual machines happens as
+described in message-queue.rst. Details about the specific messages can be found
+in drivers/virt/gunyah/rsc_mgr.c
+
+::
+
+ +-------+ +--------+ +--------+
+ | RM | | VM_A | | VM_B |
+ +-.-.-.-+ +---.----+ +---.----+
+ | | | |
+ +-.-.-----------.------------.----+
+ | | \==========/ | |
+ | \========================/ |
+ | Gunyah |
+ +---------------------------------+
+
+The source for the resource manager is available at
+https://github.com/quic/gunyah-resource-manager.
+
+The resource manager provides the following features:
+
+- VM lifecycle management: allocating a VM, starting VMs, destruction of VMs
+- VM access control policy, including memory sharing and lending
+- Interrupt routing configuration
+- Forwarding of system-level events (e.g. VM shutdown) to owner VM
+- Resource (capability) discovery
+
+A VM requires boot configuration to establish communication with the resource
+manager. This is provided to VMs via a 'hypervisor' device tree node which is
+overlaid to the VMs DT by the RM. This node lets guests know they are running
+as a Gunyah guest VM, how to communicate with resource manager, and basic
+description and capabilities of this VM. See
+Documentation/devicetree/bindings/firmware/gunyah-hypervisor.yaml for a
+description of this node.
diff --git a/Documentation/virt/gunyah/message-queue.rst b/Documentation/virt/gunyah/message-queue.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..96864708f442e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/virt/gunyah/message-queue.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Message Queues
+==============
+Message queue is a simple low-capacity IPC channel between two virtual machines.
+It is intended for sending small control and configuration messages. Each
+message queue is unidirectional and buffered in the hypervisor. A full-duplex
+IPC channel requires a pair of queues.
+
+The size of the queue and the maximum size of the message that can be passed is
+fixed at creation of the message queue. Resource manager is presently the only
+use case for message queues, and creates messages queues between itself and VMs
+with a fixed maximum message size of 240 bytes. Longer messages require a
+further protocol on top of the message queue messages themselves. For instance,
+communication with the resource manager adds a header field for sending longer
+messages which are split into smaller fragments.
+
+The diagram below shows how message queue works. A typical configuration
+involves 2 message queues. Message queue 1 allows VM_A to send messages to VM_B.
+Message queue 2 allows VM_B to send messages to VM_A.
+
+1. VM_A sends a message of up to 240 bytes in length. It makes a hypercall
+ with the message to request the hypervisor to add the message to
+ message queue 1's queue. The hypervisor copies memory into the internal
+ message queue buffer; the memory doesn't need to be shared between
+ VM_A and VM_B.
+
+2. Gunyah raises the corresponding interrupt for VM_B (Rx vIRQ) when any of
+ these happens:
+
+ a. gunyah_msgq_send() has PUSH flag. This is a typical case when the message
+ queue is being used to implement an RPC-like interface.
+ b. Explicitly with gunyah_msgq_push hypercall from VM_A.
+ c. Message queue has reached a threshold depth. Typically, this threshold
+ depth is the size of the queue (in other words: when queue is full, Rx
+ vIRQ is raised).
+
+3. VM_B calls gunyah_msgq_recv() and Gunyah copies message to requested buffer.
+
+4. Gunyah raises the corresponding interrupt for VM_A (Tx vIRQ) when the message
+ queue falls below a watermark depth. Typically, this is when the queue is
+ drained. Note the watermark depth and the threshold depth for the Rx vIRQ are
+ independent values. Coincidentally, this signal is conceptually similar to
+ Clear-to-Send.
+
+For VM_B to send a message to VM_A, the process is identical, except that
+hypercalls reference message queue 2's capability ID. The IRQ will be different
+for the second message queue.
+
+::
+
+ +-------------------+ +-----------------+ +-------------------+
+ | VM_A | |Gunyah hypervisor| | VM_B |
+ | | | | | |
+ | | | | | |
+ | | Tx | | | |
+ | |-------->| | Rx vIRQ | |
+ |gunyah_msgq_send() | Tx vIRQ |Message queue 1 |-------->|gunyah_msgq_recv() |
+ | |<------- | | | |
+ | | | | | |
+ | | | | | |
+ | | | | Tx | |
+ | | Rx vIRQ | |<--------| |
+ |gunyah_msgq_recv() |<--------|Message queue 2 | Tx vIRQ |gunyah_msgq_send() |
+ | | | |-------->| |
+ | | | | | |
+ | | | | | |
+ +-------------------+ +-----------------+ +---------------+
diff --git a/Documentation/virt/index.rst b/Documentation/virt/index.rst
index 7fb55ae08598d..15869ee059b35 100644
--- a/Documentation/virt/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/virt/index.rst
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ Virtualization Support
coco/sev-guest
coco/tdx-guest
hyperv/index
+ gunyah/index
.. only:: html and subproject
--
2.34.1
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