Message-ID: <7641391a-b109-49b3-84c8-7e72053210d8@xen0n.name>
Date: Mon, 26 Feb 2024 22:00:05 +0800
From: WANG Xuerui <kernel@...0n.name>
To: Christian Brauner <brauner@...nel.org>, Arnd Bergmann <arnd@...db.de>
Cc: Xi Ruoyao <xry111@...111.site>, Icenowy Zheng <uwu@...nowy.me>,
 Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@...nel.org>, linux-api@...r.kernel.org,
 Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>, Xuefeng Li <lixuefeng@...ngson.cn>,
 Jianmin Lv <lvjianmin@...ngson.cn>, Xiaotian Wu <wuxiaotian@...ngson.cn>,
 WANG Rui <wangrui@...ngson.cn>, Miao Wang <shankerwangmiao@...il.com>,
 "loongarch@...ts.linux.dev" <loongarch@...ts.linux.dev>,
 Linux-Arch <linux-arch@...r.kernel.org>,
 Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: Chromium sandbox on LoongArch and statx -- seccomp deep argument
 inspection again?

On 2/26/24 21:32, Christian Brauner wrote:
> On Mon, Feb 26, 2024 at 10:20:23AM +0100, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
>> On Mon, Feb 26, 2024, at 08:09, Xi Ruoyao wrote:
>>> On Mon, 2024-02-26 at 07:56 +0100, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
>>>> On Mon, Feb 26, 2024, at 07:03, Icenowy Zheng wrote:
>>>>> 在 2024-02-25星期日的 15:32 +0800，Xi Ruoyao写道：
>>>>>> On Sun, 2024-02-25 at 14:51 +0800, Icenowy Zheng wrote:
>>>>>>> My idea is this problem needs syscalls to be designed with deep
>>>>>>> argument inspection in mind; syscalls before this should be
>>>>>>> considered
>>>>>>> as historical error and get fixed by resotring old syscalls.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I'd not consider fstat an error as using statx for fstat has a
>>>>>> performance impact (severe for some workflows), and Linus has
>>>>>> concluded
>>>>>
>>>>> Sorry for clearance, I mean statx is an error in ABI design, not fstat.
>>>
>>> I'm wondering why we decided to use AT_EMPTY_PATH/"" instead of
>>> "AT_NULL_PATH"/nullptr in the first place?
>>
>> Not sure, but it's hard to change now since the libc
>> implementation won't easily know whether using the NULL
>> path is safe on a given kernel. It could check the kernel
>> version number, but that adds another bit of complexity in
>> the fast path and doesn't work on old kernels with the
>> feature backported.
>>
>>> But it's not irrational to pass a path to syscall, as long as we still
>>> have the concept of file system (maybe in 2371 or some year we'll use a
>>> 128-bit UUID instead of path).
>>>
>>>> The problem I see with the 'use use fstat' approach is that this
>>>> does not work on 32-bit architectures, unless we define a new
>>>> fstatat64_time64() syscall, which is one of the things that statx()
>>>
>>> "fstat64_time64".  Using statx for fstatat should be just fine.
>>
>> Right. It does feel wrong to have only an fstat() variant but not
>> fstatat() if we go there.
>>
>>> Or maybe we can just introduce a new AT_something to make statx
>>> completely ignore pathname but behave like AT_EMPTY_PATH + "".
>>
>> I think this is better than going back to fstat64_time64(), but
>> it's still not great because
>>
>> - all the reserved flags on statx() are by definition incompatible
>>    with existing kernels that return -EINVAL for any flag they do
>>    not recognize.
>>
>> - you still need to convince libc developers to actually use
>>    the flag despite the backwards compatibility problem, either
>>    with a fallback to the current behavior or a version check.
>>
>> Using the NULL path as a fallback would solve the problem with
>> seccomp, but it would not make the normal case any faster.
>>
>>>> was trying to avoid.
>>>
>>> Oops.  I thought "newstat" should be using 64-bit time but it seems the
>>> "new" is not what I'd expected...  The "new" actually means "newer than
>>> Linux 0.9"! :(
>>>
>>> Let's not use "new" in future syscall names...
>>
>> Right, we definitely can't ever succeed. On some architectures
>> we even had "oldstat" and "stat" before "newstat" and "stat64",
>> and on some architectures we mix them up. E.g. x86_64 has fstat()
>> and fstatat64() with the same structure but doesn't define
>> __NR_newfstat. On mips64, there is a 'newstat' but it has 32-bit
>> timestamps unlike all other 64-bit architectures.
>>
>> statx() was intended to solve these problems once and for all,
>> and it appears that we have failed again.
> 
> New apis don't invalidate old apis necessarily. That's just not going to
> work in an age where you have containerized workloads.
> 
> statx() is just the beginning of this. A container may have aritrary
> seccomp profiles that return ENOSYS or even EPERM for whatever reason
> for any new api that exists. So not implementing fstat() might already
> break container workloads.
> 
> Another example: You can't just skip on implementing mount() and only
> implement the new mount api for example. Because tools that look for api
> simplicity and don't need complex setup will _always_ continue to use
> mount() and have a right to do so.
> 
> And fwiw, mount() isn't fully inspectable by seccomp since forever. The
> list goes on and on.
> 
> But let's look at the original mail. Why are they denying statx() and
> what's that claim about it not being able to be rewritten to something
> safe? Looking at:
> 
> intptr_t SIGSYSFstatatHandler(const struct arch_seccomp_data& args,
>                                void* fs_denied_errno) {
>    if (args.nr == __NR_fstatat_default) {
>      if (*reinterpret_cast<const char*>(args.args[1]) == '\0' &&
>          args.args[3] == static_cast<uint64_t>(AT_EMPTY_PATH)) {
>        return syscall(__NR_fstat_default, static_cast<int>(args.args[0]),
>                       reinterpret_cast<default_stat_struct*>(args.args[2]));
>      }
>      return -reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(fs_denied_errno);
>    }
> 
> What this does it to rewrite fstatat() to fstat() if it was made with
> AT_EMPTY_PATH and the path argument was "". That is easily doable for
> statx() because it has the exact same AT_EMPTY_PATH semantics that
> fstatat() has.
> 
> Plus, they can even filter on mask and rewrite that to something that
> they think is safe. For example, STATX_BASIC_STATS which is equivalent
> to what any fstat() call returns. So it's pretty difficult to understand
> what their actual gripe with statx() is.
> 
> It can't be that statx() passes a struct because fstatat() and fstat()
> do that too. So what exactly is that problem there?

 From our investigation:

For (new)fstatat calls that the sandboxed process may make, this SIGSYS 
handler either:

* turns allowed calls (those looking at fd's) into fstat's that only 
have one argument (the fd) each, or
* denies the call,

so the sandbox only ever sees fstat calls and no (new)fstatat's, and the 
guarantee that only open fds can ever been stat'ed trivially holds.

With statx, however, there's no way of guaranteeing "only look at fd" 
semantics without peeking into the path argument, because a non-empty 
path makes AT_EMPTY_PATH ineffective, and the flags are not validated 
prior to use making it near-impossible to introduce new semantics in a 
backwards-compatible manner.

> What this tells me without knowing the exact reason is that they thought
> "Oh, if we just return ENOSYS then the workload or glibc will just
> always be able to fallback to fstat() or fstatat()". Which ultimately is
> the exact same thing that containers often assume.
> 
> So really, just skipping on various system calls isn't going to work.
> You can't just implement new system calls and forget about the rest
> unless you know exactly what workloads your architecure will run on.
> 
> Please implement fstat() or fstatat() and stop inventing hacks for
> statx() to make weird sandboxing rules work, please.

We have already provided fstat(at) on LoongArch for a while by 
unconditionally doing statx and translating the returned structure -- 
see the [glibc] and [golang] [golang-2] implementations for example -- 
without fallbacks because we know that the old syscalls don't exist. So 
if we effectively back out the kernel-side change (removing fstat) we 
must arrange for the various syscall makers to be able to fallback to 
fstat too.

(The glibc code seems self-adapting to presence of newfstatat, but Go 
could need more care. Though a simple rebuild of libc is enough for the 
Chromium sandbox to work without code changes on their side.)

[glibc]: https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2022-May/138958.html
[golang]: https://go.dev/cl/407694
[golang-2]: https://go.dev/cl/411378

-- 
WANG "xen0n" Xuerui

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