linux-kernel - Re: [RFC PATCH 2/3] x86/mm: make sure LAM is up-to-date during context switching

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Message-Id: <420fcb06-c3c3-4e8f-a82d-be2fb2ef444d@app.fastmail.com>
Date: Thu, 07 Mar 2024 17:34:21 -0800
From: "Andy Lutomirski" <luto@...nel.org>
To: "Yosry Ahmed" <yosryahmed@...gle.com>,
 "Andrew Morton" <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc: "Thomas Gleixner" <tglx@...utronix.de>, "Ingo Molnar" <mingo@...hat.com>,
 "Borislav Petkov" <bp@...en8.de>, "Dave Hansen" <dave.hansen@...el.com>,
 "Peter Zijlstra (Intel)" <peterz@...radead.org>,
 "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@...ux.intel.com>,
 "the arch/x86 maintainers" <x86@...nel.org>, linux-mm@...ck.org,
 "Linux Kernel Mailing List" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH 2/3] x86/mm: make sure LAM is up-to-date during context
 switching

Catching up a bit...

On Thu, Mar 7, 2024, at 5:39 AM, Yosry Ahmed wrote:
> During context switching, if we are not switching to new mm and no TLB
> flush is needed, we do not write CR3. However, it is possible that a
> user thread enables LAM while a kthread is running on a different CPU
> with the old LAM CR3 mask. If the kthread context switches into any
> thread of that user process, it may not write CR3 with the new LAM mask,
> which would cause the user thread to run with a misconfigured CR3 that
> disables LAM on the CPU.

So I think (off the top of my head -- haven't thought about it all that hard) that LAM is logically like PCE and LDT: it's a property of an mm that is only rarely changed, and it doesn't really belong as part of the tlb_gen mechanism.  And, critically, it's not worth the effort and complexity to try to optimize LAM changes when we have a lazy CPU (just like PCE and LDT) (whereas TLB flushes are performance critical and are absolutely worth optimizing).

So...

>
> Fix this by making sure we write a new CR3 if LAM is not up-to-date. No
> problems were observed in practice, this was found by code inspection.

I think it should be fixed with a much bigger hammer: explicit IPIs.  Just don't ever let it get out of date, like install_ldt().

>
> Not that it is possible that mm->context.lam_cr3_mask changes throughout
> switch_mm_irqs_off(). But since LAM can only be enabled by a
> single-threaded process on its own behalf, in that case we cannot be
> switching to a user thread in that same process, we can only be
> switching to another kthread using the borrowed mm or a different user
> process, which should be fine.

The thought process is even simpler with the IPI: it *can* change while switching, but it will resynchronize immediately once IRQs turn back on.  And whoever changes it will *synchronize* with us, which would otherwise require extremely complex logic to get right.

And...

> -		if (!was_lazy)
> -			return;
> +		if (was_lazy) {
> +			/*
> +			 * Read the tlb_gen to check whether a flush is needed.
> +			 * If the TLB is up to date, just use it.  The barrier
> +			 * synchronizes with the tlb_gen increment in the TLB
> +			 * shootdown code.
> +			 */
> +			smp_mb();

This is actually rather expensive -- from old memory, we're talking maybe 20 cycles here, but this path is *very* hot and we try fairly hard to make it be fast.  If we get the happy PCID path, it's maybe 100-200 cycles, so this is like a 10% regression.  Ouch.

And you can delete all of this if you accept my suggestion.