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Message-ID: <171282481978.10875.11842078420317057256.tip-bot2@tip-bot2>
Date: Thu, 11 Apr 2024 08:40:19 -0000
From: "tip-bot2 for Josh Poimboeuf" <tip-bot2@...utronix.de>
To: linux-tip-commits@...r.kernel.org
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...nel.org>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>,
Nikolay Borisov <nik.borisov@...e.com>,
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>, x86@...nel.org,
linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: [tip: x86/urgent] x86/bugs: Only harden syscalls when needed
The following commit has been merged into the x86/urgent branch of tip:
Commit-ID: 92dc47c57eac757c0987b0af0405d12192feff80
Gitweb: https://git.kernel.org/tip/92dc47c57eac757c0987b0af0405d12192feff80
Author: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...nel.org>
AuthorDate: Wed, 10 Apr 2024 22:40:49 -07:00
Committer: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>
CommitterDate: Thu, 11 Apr 2024 10:30:33 +02:00
x86/bugs: Only harden syscalls when needed
Syscall hardening (i.e., converting the syscall indirect branch to a
series of direct branches) may cause performance regressions in certain
scenarios. Only use the syscall hardening when indirect branches are
considered unsafe.
Fixes: 1e3ad78334a6 ("x86/syscall: Don't force use of indirect calls for system calls")
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@...nel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...nel.org>
Cc: Nikolay Borisov <nik.borisov@...e.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@...gle.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/97befd7c1e008797734dee05181c49056ff6de57.1712813475.git.jpoimboe@kernel.org
---
arch/x86/entry/common.c | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++---
arch/x86/entry/syscall_32.c | 11 +----------
arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c | 8 +-------
arch/x86/entry/syscall_x32.c | 7 +++++-
arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h | 1 +-
arch/x86/include/asm/syscall.h | 8 ++++++-
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
7 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/common.c b/arch/x86/entry/common.c
index 6de50b8..80d432d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/common.c
@@ -39,6 +39,28 @@
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
+/*
+ * Do either a direct or an indirect call, depending on whether indirect calls
+ * are considered safe.
+ */
+#define __do_syscall(table, func_direct, nr, regs) \
+({ \
+ unsigned long __rax, __rdi, __rsi; \
+ \
+ asm_inline volatile( \
+ ALTERNATIVE("call " __stringify(func_direct) "\n\t", \
+ ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE \
+ "call *%[func_ptr]\n\t", \
+ X86_FEATURE_INDIRECT_SAFE) \
+ : "=D" (__rdi), "=S" (__rsi), "=a" (__rax), \
+ ASM_CALL_CONSTRAINT \
+ : "0" (regs), "1" (nr), [func_ptr] "r" (table[nr]) \
+ : "rdx", "rcx", "r8", "r9", "r10", "r11", \
+ "cc", "memory"); \
+ \
+ __rax; \
+})
+
static __always_inline bool do_syscall_x64(struct pt_regs *regs, int nr)
{
/*
@@ -49,7 +71,7 @@ static __always_inline bool do_syscall_x64(struct pt_regs *regs, int nr)
if (likely(unr < NR_syscalls)) {
unr = array_index_nospec(unr, NR_syscalls);
- regs->ax = x64_sys_call(regs, unr);
+ regs->ax = __do_syscall(sys_call_table, x64_sys_call, unr, regs);
return true;
}
return false;
@@ -66,7 +88,7 @@ static __always_inline bool do_syscall_x32(struct pt_regs *regs, int nr)
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_X32_ABI) && likely(xnr < X32_NR_syscalls)) {
xnr = array_index_nospec(xnr, X32_NR_syscalls);
- regs->ax = x32_sys_call(regs, xnr);
+ regs->ax = __do_syscall(x32_sys_call_table, x32_sys_call, xnr, regs);
return true;
}
return false;
@@ -147,6 +169,8 @@ static int ia32_emulation_override_cmdline(char *arg)
return kstrtobool(arg, &__ia32_enabled);
}
early_param("ia32_emulation", ia32_emulation_override_cmdline);
+#else
+#define __do_syscall(table, func_direct, nr, regs) table[nr](regs)
#endif
/*
@@ -162,7 +186,7 @@ static __always_inline void do_syscall_32_irqs_on(struct pt_regs *regs, int nr)
if (likely(unr < IA32_NR_syscalls)) {
unr = array_index_nospec(unr, IA32_NR_syscalls);
- regs->ax = ia32_sys_call(regs, unr);
+ regs->ax = __do_syscall(ia32_sys_call_table, ia32_sys_call, unr, regs);
} else if (nr != -1) {
regs->ax = __ia32_sys_ni_syscall(regs);
}
diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/syscall_32.c b/arch/x86/entry/syscall_32.c
index c2235ba..9185870 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/syscall_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/syscall_32.c
@@ -14,25 +14,16 @@
#endif
#define __SYSCALL(nr, sym) extern long __ia32_##sym(const struct pt_regs *);
-
#include <asm/syscalls_32.h>
#undef __SYSCALL
-/*
- * The sys_call_table[] is no longer used for system calls, but
- * kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c still wants to know the system
- * call address.
- */
-#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
#define __SYSCALL(nr, sym) __ia32_##sym,
-const sys_call_ptr_t sys_call_table[] = {
+__visible const sys_call_ptr_t ia32_sys_call_table[] = {
#include <asm/syscalls_32.h>
};
#undef __SYSCALL
-#endif
#define __SYSCALL(nr, sym) case nr: return __ia32_##sym(regs);
-
long ia32_sys_call(const struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned int nr)
{
switch (nr) {
diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c b/arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c
index 33b3f09..c368048 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c
@@ -11,19 +11,13 @@
#include <asm/syscalls_64.h>
#undef __SYSCALL
-/*
- * The sys_call_table[] is no longer used for system calls, but
- * kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c still wants to know the system
- * call address.
- */
#define __SYSCALL(nr, sym) __x64_##sym,
-const sys_call_ptr_t sys_call_table[] = {
+asmlinkage const sys_call_ptr_t sys_call_table[] = {
#include <asm/syscalls_64.h>
};
#undef __SYSCALL
#define __SYSCALL(nr, sym) case nr: return __x64_##sym(regs);
-
long x64_sys_call(const struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned int nr)
{
switch (nr) {
diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/syscall_x32.c b/arch/x86/entry/syscall_x32.c
index 03de4a9..89a7172 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/syscall_x32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/syscall_x32.c
@@ -11,8 +11,13 @@
#include <asm/syscalls_x32.h>
#undef __SYSCALL
-#define __SYSCALL(nr, sym) case nr: return __x64_##sym(regs);
+#define __SYSCALL(nr, sym) __x64_##sym,
+asmlinkage const sys_call_ptr_t x32_sys_call_table[] = {
+#include <asm/syscalls_x32.h>
+};
+#undef __SYSCALL
+#define __SYSCALL(nr, sym) case nr: return __x64_##sym(regs);
long x32_sys_call(const struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned int nr)
{
switch (nr) {
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
index 3c74343..7c87fe8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
@@ -470,6 +470,7 @@
#define X86_FEATURE_BHI_CTRL (21*32+ 2) /* "" BHI_DIS_S HW control available */
#define X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_BHB_HW (21*32+ 3) /* "" BHI_DIS_S HW control enabled */
#define X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_BHB_LOOP_ON_VMEXIT (21*32+ 4) /* "" Clear branch history at vmexit using SW loop */
+#define X86_FEATURE_INDIRECT_SAFE (21*32+ 4) /* "" Indirect branches aren't vulnerable to Spectre v2 */
/*
* BUG word(s)
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/syscall.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/syscall.h
index 2fc7bc3..dfb5952 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/syscall.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/syscall.h
@@ -16,14 +16,20 @@
#include <asm/thread_info.h> /* for TS_COMPAT */
#include <asm/unistd.h>
-/* This is used purely for kernel/trace/trace_syscalls.c */
typedef long (*sys_call_ptr_t)(const struct pt_regs *);
extern const sys_call_ptr_t sys_call_table[];
+#if defined(CONFIG_X86_32)
+#define ia32_sys_call_table sys_call_table
+#else
/*
* These may not exist, but still put the prototypes in so we
* can use IS_ENABLED().
*/
+extern const sys_call_ptr_t ia32_sys_call_table[];
+extern const sys_call_ptr_t x32_sys_call_table[];
+#endif
+
extern long ia32_sys_call(const struct pt_regs *, unsigned int nr);
extern long x32_sys_call(const struct pt_regs *, unsigned int nr);
extern long x64_sys_call(const struct pt_regs *, unsigned int nr);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
index 9eeb60f..b4ec0f0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -1669,6 +1669,15 @@ static void __init bhi_select_mitigation(void)
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64))
return;
+ /*
+ * There's no hardware mitigation in place, so mark indirect branches
+ * as unsafe.
+ *
+ * One could argue the SW loop makes indirect branches safe again, but
+ * Linus prefers it this way.
+ */
+ setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_INDIRECT_SAFE);
+
/* Mitigate KVM by default */
setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_BHB_LOOP_ON_VMEXIT);
pr_info("Spectre BHI mitigation: SW BHB clearing on vm exit\n");
@@ -1687,6 +1696,21 @@ static void __init spectre_v2_select_mitigation(void)
enum spectre_v2_mitigation mode = SPECTRE_V2_NONE;
/*
+ * X86_FEATURE_INDIRECT_SAFE indicates whether indirect calls can be
+ * considered safe. That means either:
+ *
+ * - the CPU isn't vulnerable to Spectre v2 or its variants;
+ *
+ * - a hardware mitigation is in place (e.g., IBRS, BHI_DIS_S); or
+ *
+ * - the user turned off mitigations altogether.
+ *
+ * Assume innocence until proven guilty: set the cap bit now, then
+ * clear it later if/when needed.
+ */
+ setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_INDIRECT_SAFE);
+
+ /*
* If the CPU is not affected and the command line mode is NONE or AUTO
* then nothing to do.
*/
@@ -1720,6 +1744,7 @@ static void __init spectre_v2_select_mitigation(void)
case SPECTRE_V2_CMD_RETPOLINE_LFENCE:
pr_err(SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE_MSG);
+ setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_INDIRECT_SAFE);
mode = SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE;
break;
@@ -1772,11 +1797,16 @@ static void __init spectre_v2_select_mitigation(void)
break;
case SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE:
+ setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_INDIRECT_SAFE);
+ fallthrough;
case SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_LFENCE:
setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_LFENCE);
- fallthrough;
+ setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE);
+ break;
case SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE:
+ setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_INDIRECT_SAFE);
+ fallthrough;
case SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_RETPOLINE:
setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE);
break;
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