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Date: Fri, 19 Apr 2024 10:30:24 +0800
From: Rongwei Wang <rongwei.wrw@...il.com>
To: Peng Zhang <zhangpeng362@...wei.com>, linux-mm@...ck.org,
linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Cc: akpm@...ux-foundation.org, dennisszhou@...il.com, shakeelb@...gle.com,
jack@...e.cz, surenb@...gle.com, kent.overstreet@...ux.dev, mhocko@...e.cz,
vbabka@...e.cz, yuzhao@...gle.com, yu.ma@...el.com,
wangkefeng.wang@...wei.com, sunnanyong@...wei.com
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH v2 2/2] mm: convert mm's rss stats to use atomic mode
On 2024/4/18 22:20, Peng Zhang wrote:
> From: ZhangPeng <zhangpeng362@...wei.com>
>
> Since commit f1a7941243c1 ("mm: convert mm's rss stats into
> percpu_counter"), the rss_stats have converted into percpu_counter,
> which convert the error margin from (nr_threads * 64) to approximately
> (nr_cpus ^ 2). However, the new percpu allocation in mm_init() causes a
> performance regression on fork/exec/shell. Even after commit 14ef95be6f55
> ("kernel/fork: group allocation/free of per-cpu counters for mm struct"),
> the performance of fork/exec/shell is still poor compared to previous
> kernel versions.
>
> To mitigate performance regression, we delay the allocation of percpu
> memory for rss_stats. Therefore, we convert mm's rss stats to use
> percpu_counter atomic mode. For single-thread processes, rss_stat is in
> atomic mode, which reduces the memory consumption and performance
> regression caused by using percpu. For multiple-thread processes,
> rss_stat is switched to the percpu mode to reduce the error margin.
> We convert rss_stats from atomic mode to percpu mode only when the
> second thread is created.
Hi, Zhang Peng
This regression we also found it in lmbench these days. I have not test
your patch, but it seems will solve a lot for it.
And I see this patch not fix the regression in multi-threads, that's
because of the rss_stat switched to percpu mode?
(If I'm wrong, please correct me.) And It seems percpu_counter also has
a bad effect in exit_mmap().
If so, I'm wondering if we can further improving it on the exit_mmap()
path in multi-threads scenario, e.g. to determine which CPUs the process
has run on (mm_cpumask()? I'm not sure).
>
> After lmbench test, we can get 2% ~ 4% performance improvement
> for lmbench fork_proc/exec_proc/shell_proc and 6.7% performance
> improvement for lmbench page_fault (before batch mode[1]).
>
> The test results are as follows:
>
> base base+revert base+this patch
>
> fork_proc 416.3ms 400.0ms (3.9%) 398.6ms (4.2%)
> exec_proc 2095.9ms 2061.1ms (1.7%) 2047.7ms (2.3%)
> shell_proc 3028.2ms 2954.7ms (2.4%) 2961.2ms (2.2%)
> page_fault 0.3603ms 0.3358ms (6.8%) 0.3361ms (6.7%)
I think the regression will becomes more obvious if more cores. How
about your test machine?
Thanks,
-wrw
>
> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240412064751.119015-1-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com/
>
> Suggested-by: Jan Kara <jack@...e.cz>
> Signed-off-by: ZhangPeng <zhangpeng362@...wei.com>
> Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@...wei.com>
> ---
> include/linux/mm.h | 50 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
> include/trace/events/kmem.h | 4 +--
> kernel/fork.c | 18 +++++++------
> 3 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
> index d261e45bb29b..8f1bfbd54697 100644
> --- a/include/linux/mm.h
> +++ b/include/linux/mm.h
> @@ -2631,30 +2631,66 @@ static inline bool get_user_page_fast_only(unsigned long addr,
> */
> static inline unsigned long get_mm_counter(struct mm_struct *mm, int member)
> {
> - return percpu_counter_read_positive(&mm->rss_stat[member]);
> + struct percpu_counter *fbc = &mm->rss_stat[member];
> +
> + if (percpu_counter_initialized(fbc))
> + return percpu_counter_read_positive(fbc);
> +
> + return percpu_counter_atomic_read(fbc);
> }
>
> void mm_trace_rss_stat(struct mm_struct *mm, int member);
>
> static inline void add_mm_counter(struct mm_struct *mm, int member, long value)
> {
> - percpu_counter_add(&mm->rss_stat[member], value);
> + struct percpu_counter *fbc = &mm->rss_stat[member];
> +
> + if (percpu_counter_initialized(fbc))
> + percpu_counter_add(fbc, value);
> + else
> + percpu_counter_atomic_add(fbc, value);
>
> mm_trace_rss_stat(mm, member);
> }
>
> static inline void inc_mm_counter(struct mm_struct *mm, int member)
> {
> - percpu_counter_inc(&mm->rss_stat[member]);
> -
> - mm_trace_rss_stat(mm, member);
> + add_mm_counter(mm, member, 1);
> }
>
> static inline void dec_mm_counter(struct mm_struct *mm, int member)
> {
> - percpu_counter_dec(&mm->rss_stat[member]);
> + add_mm_counter(mm, member, -1);
> +}
>
> - mm_trace_rss_stat(mm, member);
> +static inline s64 mm_counter_sum(struct mm_struct *mm, int member)
> +{
> + struct percpu_counter *fbc = &mm->rss_stat[member];
> +
> + if (percpu_counter_initialized(fbc))
> + return percpu_counter_sum(fbc);
> +
> + return percpu_counter_atomic_read(fbc);
> +}
> +
> +static inline s64 mm_counter_sum_positive(struct mm_struct *mm, int member)
> +{
> + struct percpu_counter *fbc = &mm->rss_stat[member];
> +
> + if (percpu_counter_initialized(fbc))
> + return percpu_counter_sum_positive(fbc);
> +
> + return percpu_counter_atomic_read(fbc);
> +}
> +
> +static inline int mm_counter_switch_to_pcpu_many(struct mm_struct *mm)
> +{
> + return percpu_counter_switch_to_pcpu_many(mm->rss_stat, NR_MM_COUNTERS);
> +}
> +
> +static inline void mm_counter_destroy_many(struct mm_struct *mm)
> +{
> + percpu_counter_destroy_many(mm->rss_stat, NR_MM_COUNTERS);
> }
>
> /* Optimized variant when folio is already known not to be anon */
> diff --git a/include/trace/events/kmem.h b/include/trace/events/kmem.h
> index 6e62cc64cd92..a4e40ae6a8c8 100644
> --- a/include/trace/events/kmem.h
> +++ b/include/trace/events/kmem.h
> @@ -399,8 +399,8 @@ TRACE_EVENT(rss_stat,
> __entry->mm_id = mm_ptr_to_hash(mm);
> __entry->curr = !!(current->mm == mm);
> __entry->member = member;
> - __entry->size = (percpu_counter_sum_positive(&mm->rss_stat[member])
> - << PAGE_SHIFT);
> + __entry->size = (mm_counter_sum_positive(mm, member)
> + << PAGE_SHIFT);
> ),
>
> TP_printk("mm_id=%u curr=%d type=%s size=%ldB",
> diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
> index 99076dbe27d8..0214273798c5 100644
> --- a/kernel/fork.c
> +++ b/kernel/fork.c
> @@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ static void check_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)
> "Please make sure 'struct resident_page_types[]' is updated as well");
>
> for (i = 0; i < NR_MM_COUNTERS; i++) {
> - long x = percpu_counter_sum(&mm->rss_stat[i]);
> + long x = mm_counter_sum(mm, i);
>
> if (unlikely(x))
> pr_alert("BUG: Bad rss-counter state mm:%p type:%s val:%ld\n",
> @@ -1301,16 +1301,10 @@ static struct mm_struct *mm_init(struct mm_struct *mm, struct task_struct *p,
> if (mm_alloc_cid(mm))
> goto fail_cid;
>
> - if (percpu_counter_init_many(mm->rss_stat, 0, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT,
> - NR_MM_COUNTERS))
> - goto fail_pcpu;
> -
> mm->user_ns = get_user_ns(user_ns);
> lru_gen_init_mm(mm);
> return mm;
>
> -fail_pcpu:
> - mm_destroy_cid(mm);
> fail_cid:
> destroy_context(mm);
> fail_nocontext:
> @@ -1730,6 +1724,16 @@ static int copy_mm(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
> if (!oldmm)
> return 0;
>
> + /*
> + * For single-thread processes, rss_stat is in atomic mode, which
> + * reduces the memory consumption and performance regression caused by
> + * using percpu. For multiple-thread processes, rss_stat is switched to
> + * the percpu mode to reduce the error margin.
> + */
> + if (clone_flags & CLONE_THREAD)
> + if (mm_counter_switch_to_pcpu_many(oldmm))
> + return -ENOMEM;
> +
> if (clone_flags & CLONE_VM) {
> mmget(oldmm);
> mm = oldmm;
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