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Message-ID: <0dd7827a-6334-439a-8fd0-43c98e6af22b@arm.com>
Date: Wed, 1 May 2024 12:38:35 +0100
From: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@....com>
To: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>, Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>,
Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>,
Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@....com>,
Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>, Zi Yan <zi.yan@...rutgers.edu>,
"Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@...nel.org>,
David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com>
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@...ts.infradead.org, linux-mm@...ck.org,
linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, stable@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] arm64/mm: pmd_mkinvalid() must handle swap pmds
Pulling in David, who may be able to advise...
On 01/05/2024 12:35, Ryan Roberts wrote:
> Zi Yan, I'm hoping you might have some input on the below...
>
>
> On 30/04/2024 14:31, Ryan Roberts wrote:
>> __split_huge_pmd_locked() can be called for a present THP, devmap or
>> (non-present) migration entry. It calls pmdp_invalidate()
>> unconditionally on the pmdp and only determines if it is present or not
>> based on the returned old pmd.
>>
>> But arm64's pmd_mkinvalid(), called by pmdp_invalidate(),
>> unconditionally sets the PMD_PRESENT_INVALID flag, which causes future
>> pmd_present() calls to return true - even for a swap pmd. Therefore any
>> lockless pgtable walker could see the migration entry pmd in this state
>> and start interpretting the fields (e.g. pmd_pfn()) as if it were
>> present, leading to BadThings (TM). GUP-fast appears to be one such
>> lockless pgtable walker.
>>
>> While the obvious fix is for core-mm to avoid such calls for non-present
>> pmds (pmdp_invalidate() will also issue TLBI which is not necessary for
>> this case either), all other arches that implement pmd_mkinvalid() do it
>> in such a way that it is robust to being called with a non-present pmd.
>
> OK the plot thickens; The tests I wrote to check that pmd_mkinvalid() is safe for swap entries fails on x86_64. See below...
>
>> So it is simpler and safer to make arm64 robust too. This approach means
>> we can even add tests to debug_vm_pgtable.c to validate the required
>> behaviour.
>>
>> This is a theoretical bug found during code review. I don't have any
>> test case to trigger it in practice.
>>
>> Cc: stable@...r.kernel.org
>> Fixes: 53fa117bb33c ("arm64/mm: Enable THP migration")
>> Signed-off-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@....com>
>> ---
>>
>> Hi all,
>>
>> v1 of this fix [1] took the approach of fixing core-mm to never call
>> pmdp_invalidate() on a non-present pmd. But Zi Yan highlighted that only arm64
>> suffers this problem; all other arches are robust. So his suggestion was to
>> instead make arm64 robust in the same way and add tests to validate it. Despite
>> my stated reservations in the context of the v1 discussion, having thought on it
>> for a bit, I now agree with Zi Yan. Hence this post.
>>
>> Andrew has v1 in mm-unstable at the moment, so probably the best thing to do is
>> remove it from there and have this go in through the arm64 tree? Assuming there
>> is agreement that this approach is right one.
>>
>> This applies on top of v6.9-rc5. Passes all the mm selftests on arm64.
>>
>> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240425170704.3379492-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com/
>>
>> Thanks,
>> Ryan
>>
>>
>> arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h | 12 +++++--
>> mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c | 61 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>> 2 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
>> index afdd56d26ad7..7d580271a46d 100644
>> --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
>> +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable.h
>> @@ -511,8 +511,16 @@ static inline int pmd_trans_huge(pmd_t pmd)
>>
>> static inline pmd_t pmd_mkinvalid(pmd_t pmd)
>> {
>> - pmd = set_pmd_bit(pmd, __pgprot(PMD_PRESENT_INVALID));
>> - pmd = clear_pmd_bit(pmd, __pgprot(PMD_SECT_VALID));
>> + /*
>> + * If not valid then either we are already present-invalid or we are
>> + * not-present (i.e. none or swap entry). We must not convert
>> + * not-present to present-invalid. Unbelievably, the core-mm may call
>> + * pmd_mkinvalid() for a swap entry and all other arches can handle it.
>> + */
>> + if (pmd_valid(pmd)) {
>> + pmd = set_pmd_bit(pmd, __pgprot(PMD_PRESENT_INVALID));
>> + pmd = clear_pmd_bit(pmd, __pgprot(PMD_SECT_VALID));
>> + }
>>
>> return pmd;
>> }
>> diff --git a/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c b/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c
>> index 65c19025da3d..7e9c387d06b0 100644
>> --- a/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c
>> +++ b/mm/debug_vm_pgtable.c
>> @@ -956,6 +956,65 @@ static void __init hugetlb_basic_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
>> #endif /* CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE */
>>
>> #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
>> +#if !defined(__HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_INVALIDATE) && defined(CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION)
>> +static void __init swp_pmd_mkinvalid_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
>> +{
>
> Printing various values at different locations in this function for debug:
>
>> + unsigned long max_swap_offset;
>> + swp_entry_t swp_set, swp_clear, swp_convert;
>> + pmd_t pmd_set, pmd_clear;
>> +
>> + /*
>> + * See generic_max_swapfile_size(): probe the maximum offset, then
>> + * create swap entry will all possible bits set and a swap entry will
>> + * all bits clear.
>> + */
>> + max_swap_offset = swp_offset(pmd_to_swp_entry(swp_entry_to_pmd(swp_entry(0, ~0UL))));
>> + swp_set = swp_entry((1 << MAX_SWAPFILES_SHIFT) - 1, max_swap_offset);
>> + swp_clear = swp_entry(0, 0);
>> +
>> + /* Convert to pmd. */
>> + pmd_set = swp_entry_to_pmd(swp_set);
>> + pmd_clear = swp_entry_to_pmd(swp_clear);
>
> [ 0.702163] debug_vm_pgtable: [swp_pmd_mkinvalid_tests ]: valid: pmd_set=f800000000000000, pmd_clear=7fffffffffffe00
>
>> +
>> + /*
>> + * Sanity check that the pmds are not-present, not-huge and swap entry
>> + * is recoverable without corruption.
>> + */
>> + WARN_ON(pmd_present(pmd_set));
>> + WARN_ON(pmd_trans_huge(pmd_set));
>> + swp_convert = pmd_to_swp_entry(pmd_set);
>> + WARN_ON(swp_type(swp_set) != swp_type(swp_convert));
>> + WARN_ON(swp_offset(swp_set) != swp_offset(swp_convert));
>> + WARN_ON(pmd_present(pmd_clear));
>> + WARN_ON(pmd_trans_huge(pmd_clear));
>> + swp_convert = pmd_to_swp_entry(pmd_clear);
>> + WARN_ON(swp_type(swp_clear) != swp_type(swp_convert));
>> + WARN_ON(swp_offset(swp_clear) != swp_offset(swp_convert));
>> +
>> + /* Now invalidate the pmd. */
>> + pmd_set = pmd_mkinvalid(pmd_set);
>> + pmd_clear = pmd_mkinvalid(pmd_clear);
>
> [ 0.704452] debug_vm_pgtable: [swp_pmd_mkinvalid_tests ]: invalid: pmd_set=f800000000000000, pmd_clear=7ffffffffe00e00
>
>> +
>> + /*
>> + * Since its a swap pmd, invalidation should effectively be a noop and
>> + * the checks we already did should give the same answer. Check the
>> + * invalidation didn't corrupt any fields.
>> + */
>> + WARN_ON(pmd_present(pmd_set));
>> + WARN_ON(pmd_trans_huge(pmd_set));
>> + swp_convert = pmd_to_swp_entry(pmd_set);
>
> [ 0.706461] debug_vm_pgtable: [swp_pmd_mkinvalid_tests ]: set: swp=7c03ffffffffffff (1f, 3ffffffffffff), convert=7c03ffffffffffff (1f, 3ffffffffffff)
>
>> + WARN_ON(swp_type(swp_set) != swp_type(swp_convert));
>> + WARN_ON(swp_offset(swp_set) != swp_offset(swp_convert));
>> + WARN_ON(pmd_present(pmd_clear));
>> + WARN_ON(pmd_trans_huge(pmd_clear));
>> + swp_convert = pmd_to_swp_entry(pmd_clear);
>
> [ 0.708841] debug_vm_pgtable: [swp_pmd_mkinvalid_tests ]: clear: swp=0 (0, 0), convert=ff8 (0, ff8)
>
>> + WARN_ON(swp_type(swp_clear) != swp_type(swp_convert));
>> + WARN_ON(swp_offset(swp_clear) != swp_offset(swp_convert));
>
> This line fails on x86_64.
>
> The logs show that the offset is indeed being corrupted by pmd_mkinvalid(); 0 -> 0xff8.
>
> I think this is due to x86's pmd_mkinvalid() assuming the pmd is present; pmd_flags() and pmd_pfn() do all sorts of weird and wonderful things.
>
> So does this take us full circle? Are we now back to modifying the core-mm to never call pmd_mkinvalid() on a non-present entry? If so, then I guess we should remove the arm64 fix from for-next/fixes.
>
>> +}
>> +#else
>> +static void __init swp_pmd_mkinvalid_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args) { }
>> +#endif /* !__HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_INVALIDATE && CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION */
>> +
>> static void __init pmd_thp_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
>> {
>> pmd_t pmd;
>> @@ -982,6 +1041,8 @@ static void __init pmd_thp_tests(struct pgtable_debug_args *args)
>> WARN_ON(!pmd_trans_huge(pmd_mkinvalid(pmd_mkhuge(pmd))));
>> WARN_ON(!pmd_present(pmd_mkinvalid(pmd_mkhuge(pmd))));
>> #endif /* __HAVE_ARCH_PMDP_INVALIDATE */
>> +
>> + swp_pmd_mkinvalid_tests(args);
>> }
>>
>> #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD
>> --
>> 2.25.1
>>
>
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