Date: Sun, 19 May 2024 11:23:26 -0700
From: Ian Rogers <irogers@...gle.com>
To: "Steinar H. Gunderson" <sesse@...gle.com>
Cc: acme@...nel.org, linux-perf-users@...r.kernel.org, 
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 1/3] perf report: Support LLVM for addr2line()

On Sat, May 18, 2024 at 9:53 AM Steinar H. Gunderson <sesse@...gle.com> wrote:
>
> In addition to the existing support for libbfd and calling out to
> an external addr2line command, add support for using libllvm directly.
> This is both faster than libbfd, and can be enabled in distro builds
> (the LLVM license has an explicit provision for GPLv2 compatibility).
> Thus, it is set as the primary choice if available.
>
> As an example, running perf report on a medium-size profile with
> DWARF-based backtraces took 58 seconds with LLVM, 78 seconds with
> libbfd, 153 seconds with external llvm-addr2line, and I got tired
> and aborted the test after waiting for 55 minutes with external
> bfd addr2line (which is the default for perf as compiled by distributions
> today). Evidently, for this case, the bfd addr2line process needs
> 18 seconds (on a 5.2 GHz Zen 3) to load the .debug ELF in question,
> hits the 1-second timeout and gets killed during initialization,
> getting restarted anew every time. Having an in-process addr2line
> makes this much more robust.
>
> As future extensions, libllvm can be used in many other places where
> we currently use libbfd or other libraries:
>
>  - Symbol enumeration (in particular, for PE binaries).
>  - Demangling (including non-Itanium demangling, e.g. Microsoft
>    or Rust).
>  - Disassembling (perf annotate).
>
> However, these are much less pressing; most people don't profile
> PE binaries, and perf has non-bfd paths for ELF. The same with
> demangling; the default _cxa_demangle path works fine for most
> users. Disassembling is coming in a later patch in the series;
> however do note that while bfd objdump can be slow on large binaries,
> it is possible to use --objdump=llvm-objdump to get the speed benefits.
> (It appears LLVM-based demangling is very simple, should we want
> that.)
>
> Tested with LLVM 14, 16, 18 and 19. For some reason, LLVM 12 was not
> correctly detected using feature_check, and thus was not tested.
>
> Signed-off-by: Steinar H. Gunderson <sesse@...gle.com>
> ---
>  tools/perf/Makefile.config         |  15 ++++
>  tools/perf/builtin-version.c       |   1 +
>  tools/perf/util/Build              |   1 +
>  tools/perf/util/llvm-c-helpers.cpp | 129 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  tools/perf/util/llvm-c-helpers.h   |  47 +++++++++++
>  tools/perf/util/srcline.c          |  57 ++++++++++++-
>  6 files changed, 249 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>  create mode 100644 tools/perf/util/llvm-c-helpers.cpp
>  create mode 100644 tools/perf/util/llvm-c-helpers.h
>
> diff --git a/tools/perf/Makefile.config b/tools/perf/Makefile.config
> index 7f1e016a9253..414a37f712bd 100644
> --- a/tools/perf/Makefile.config
> +++ b/tools/perf/Makefile.config
> @@ -969,6 +969,21 @@ ifdef BUILD_NONDISTRO
>    endif
>  endif
>
> +ifndef NO_LLVM
> +  $(call feature_check,llvm)
> +  ifeq ($(feature-llvm), 1)
> +    CFLAGS += -DHAVE_LLVM_SUPPORT
> +    CXXFLAGS += -DHAVE_LLVM_SUPPORT
> +    CXXFLAGS += $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --cxxflags)
> +    LIBLLVM = $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --libs all) $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --system-libs)
> +    EXTLIBS += -L$(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --libdir) $(LIBLLVM)
> +    $(call detected,CONFIG_LLVM)

I think we might want to display this in the feature list during the build:
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/perf/perf-tools-next.git/tree/tools/build/Makefile.feature?h=perf-tools-next#n123

> +  else
> +    $(warning No libllvm found, slower source file resolution, please install llvm-devel/llvm-dev)
> +    NO_LLVM := 1
> +  endif
> +endif
> +
>  ifndef NO_DEMANGLE
>    $(call feature_check,cxa-demangle)
>    ifeq ($(feature-cxa-demangle), 1)
> diff --git a/tools/perf/builtin-version.c b/tools/perf/builtin-version.c
> index 398aa53e9e2e..4b252196de12 100644
> --- a/tools/perf/builtin-version.c
> +++ b/tools/perf/builtin-version.c
> @@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ static void library_status(void)
>         STATUS(HAVE_LIBBFD_SUPPORT, libbfd);
>         STATUS(HAVE_DEBUGINFOD_SUPPORT, debuginfod);
>         STATUS(HAVE_LIBELF_SUPPORT, libelf);
> +       STATUS(HAVE_LIBLLVM_SUPPORT, libllvm);

s/HAVE_LIBLLVM_SUPPORT/HAVE_LLVM_SUPPORT/

>         STATUS(HAVE_LIBNUMA_SUPPORT, libnuma);
>         STATUS(HAVE_LIBNUMA_SUPPORT, numa_num_possible_cpus);
>         STATUS(HAVE_LIBPERL_SUPPORT, libperl);
> diff --git a/tools/perf/util/Build b/tools/perf/util/Build
> index da64efd8718f..32c4e5e634ed 100644
> --- a/tools/perf/util/Build
> +++ b/tools/perf/util/Build
> @@ -226,6 +226,7 @@ perf-$(CONFIG_CXX_DEMANGLE) += demangle-cxx.o
>  perf-y += demangle-ocaml.o
>  perf-y += demangle-java.o
>  perf-y += demangle-rust.o
> +perf-$(CONFIG_LLVM) += llvm-c-helpers.o
>
>  ifdef CONFIG_JITDUMP
>  perf-$(CONFIG_LIBELF) += jitdump.o
> diff --git a/tools/perf/util/llvm-c-helpers.cpp b/tools/perf/util/llvm-c-helpers.cpp
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..2dafaaa86234
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/perf/util/llvm-c-helpers.cpp
> @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +
> +/*
> + * Must come before the linux/compiler.h include, which defines several
> + * macros (e.g. noinline) that conflict with compiler builtins used
> + * by LLVM. */
> +#pragma GCC diagnostic push
> +#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"  /* Needed for LLVM 14. */

nit: pehaps disabling this should be conditional:
#if LLVM_VERSION_MAJOR == 14

> +#include <llvm/DebugInfo/Symbolize/Symbolize.h>
> +#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
> +
> +#include <stdio.h>
> +#include <sys/types.h>
> +#include <linux/compiler.h>
> +#include "symbol_conf.h"
> +#include "llvm-c-helpers.h"
> +
> +using namespace llvm;
> +using llvm::symbolize::LLVMSymbolizer;
> +
> +/*
> + * Allocate a static LLVMSymbolizer, which will live to the end of the program.
> + * Unlike the bfd paths, LLVMSymbolizer has its own cache, so we do not need
> + * to store anything in the dso struct.
> + */
> +static LLVMSymbolizer *get_symbolizer()
> +{
> +       static LLVMSymbolizer *instance = nullptr;
> +       if (instance == nullptr) {
> +               LLVMSymbolizer::Options opts;
> +               /*
> +                * LLVM sometimes demangles slightly different from the rest
> +                * of the code, and this mismatch can cause new_inline_sym()
> +                * to get confused and mark non-inline symbol as inlined
> +                * (since the name does not properly match up with base_sym).
> +                * Thus, disable the demangling and let the rest of the code
> +                * handle it.
> +                */
> +               opts.Demangle = false;
> +               instance = new LLVMSymbolizer(opts);
> +       }
> +       return instance;
> +}
> +
> +/* Returns 0 on error, 1 on success. */
> +static int extract_file_and_line(const DILineInfo& line_info, char **file,
> +                                unsigned int *line)
> +{
> +       if (file) {
> +               if (line_info.FileName == "<invalid>") {
> +                       /* Match the convention of libbfd. */
> +                       *file = nullptr;

Should "*file" be cleared if "!file" so the caller can reliably free it?

I did some testing and everything looks good.

Thanks,
Ian

> +               } else {
> +                       /* The caller expects to get something it can free(). */
> +                       *file = strdup(line_info.FileName.c_str());
> +                       if (*file == nullptr)
> +                               return 0;
> +               }
> +       }
> +       if (line)
> +               *line = line_info.Line;
> +       return 1;
> +}
> +
> +extern "C"
> +int llvm_addr2line(const char *dso_name, u64 addr,
> +                  char **file, unsigned int *line,
> +                  bool unwind_inlines,
> +                  llvm_a2l_frame** inline_frames)
> +{
> +       LLVMSymbolizer *symbolizer = get_symbolizer();
> +       object::SectionedAddress sectioned_addr = {
> +               addr,
> +               object::SectionedAddress::UndefSection
> +       };
> +
> +       if (unwind_inlines) {
> +               Expected<DIInliningInfo> res_or_err =
> +                       symbolizer->symbolizeInlinedCode(dso_name,
> +                                                        sectioned_addr);
> +               if (!res_or_err)
> +                       return 0;
> +               unsigned num_frames = res_or_err->getNumberOfFrames();
> +               if (num_frames == 0)
> +                       return 0;
> +
> +               if (extract_file_and_line(
> +                       res_or_err->getFrame(0), file, line) == 0)
> +                       return 0;
> +
> +               *inline_frames = (llvm_a2l_frame*)malloc(
> +                       sizeof(**inline_frames) * num_frames);
> +               if (*inline_frames == nullptr)
> +                       return 0;
> +
> +               for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_frames; ++i) {
> +                       const DILineInfo& src = res_or_err->getFrame(i);
> +                       llvm_a2l_frame& dst = (*inline_frames)[i];
> +                       if (src.FileName == "<invalid>")
> +                               /* Match the convention of libbfd. */
> +                               dst.filename = nullptr;
> +                       else
> +                               dst.filename = strdup(src.FileName.c_str());
> +                       dst.funcname = strdup(src.FunctionName.c_str());
> +                       dst.line = src.Line;
> +
> +                       if (dst.filename == nullptr ||
> +                           dst.funcname == nullptr) {
> +                               for (unsigned j = 0; j <= i; ++j) {
> +                                       free((*inline_frames)[j].filename);
> +                                       free((*inline_frames)[j].funcname);
> +                               }
> +                               free(*inline_frames);
> +                               return 0;
> +                       }
> +               }
> +
> +               return num_frames;
> +       } else {
> +               if (inline_frames)
> +                       *inline_frames = nullptr;
> +
> +               Expected<DILineInfo> res_or_err =
> +                       symbolizer->symbolizeCode(dso_name, sectioned_addr);
> +               if (!res_or_err)
> +                       return 0;
> +               return extract_file_and_line(*res_or_err, file, line);
> +       }
> +}
> diff --git a/tools/perf/util/llvm-c-helpers.h b/tools/perf/util/llvm-c-helpers.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..f295aa2bcf2d
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/perf/util/llvm-c-helpers.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
> +#ifndef __PERF_LLVM_ADDR2LINE
> +#define __PERF_LLVM_ADDR2LINE 1
> +
> +/*
> + * Helpers to call into LLVM C++ code from C, for the parts that do not have
> + * C APIs.
> + */
> +
> +#ifdef __cplusplus
> +extern "C" {
> +#endif
> +
> +struct llvm_a2l_frame {
> +       char *filename;
> +       char *funcname;
> +       unsigned int line;
> +};
> +
> +/*
> + * Implement addr2line() using libLLVM. LLVM is a C++ API, and
> + * many of the linux/ headers cannot be included in a C++ compile unit,
> + * so we need to make a little bridge code here. llvm_addr2line() will
> + * convert the inline frame information from LLVM's internal structures
> + * and put them into a flat array given in inline_frames. The caller
> + * is then responsible for taking that array and convert it into perf's
> + * regular inline frame structures (which depend on e.g. struct list_head).
> + *
> + * If the address could not be resolved, or an error occurred (e.g. OOM),
> + * returns 0. Otherwise, returns the number of inline frames (which means 1
> + * if the address was not part of an inlined function). If unwind_inlines
> + * is set and the return code is nonzero, inline_frames will be set to
> + * a newly allocated array with that length. The caller is then responsible
> + * for freeing both the strings and the array itself.
> + */
> +int llvm_addr2line(const char *dso_name,
> +                  u64 addr,
> +                  char **file,
> +                  unsigned int *line,
> +                  bool unwind_inlines,
> +                  struct llvm_a2l_frame **inline_frames);
> +
> +#ifdef __cplusplus
> +}
> +#endif
> +
> +#endif /* __PERF_LLVM_ADDR2LINE */
> diff --git a/tools/perf/util/srcline.c b/tools/perf/util/srcline.c
> index 9d670d8c1c08..0505b4c16608 100644
> --- a/tools/perf/util/srcline.c
> +++ b/tools/perf/util/srcline.c
> @@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
>  #include "util/debug.h"
>  #include "util/callchain.h"
>  #include "util/symbol_conf.h"
> +#ifdef HAVE_LLVM_SUPPORT
> +#include "util/llvm-c-helpers.h"
> +#endif
>  #include "srcline.h"
>  #include "string2.h"
>  #include "symbol.h"
> @@ -130,7 +133,59 @@ static struct symbol *new_inline_sym(struct dso *dso,
>
>  #define MAX_INLINE_NEST 1024
>
> -#ifdef HAVE_LIBBFD_SUPPORT
> +#ifdef HAVE_LLVM_SUPPORT
> +
> +static void free_llvm_inline_frames(struct llvm_a2l_frame *inline_frames,
> +                                   int num_frames)
> +{
> +       if (inline_frames != NULL) {
> +               for (int i = 0; i < num_frames; ++i) {
> +                       free(inline_frames[i].filename);
> +                       free(inline_frames[i].funcname);
> +               }
> +               free(inline_frames);
> +       }
> +}
> +
> +static int addr2line(const char *dso_name, u64 addr,
> +                    char **file, unsigned int *line, struct dso *dso,
> +                    bool unwind_inlines, struct inline_node *node,
> +                    struct symbol *sym)
> +{
> +       struct llvm_a2l_frame *inline_frames = NULL;
> +       int num_frames = llvm_addr2line(dso_name, addr, file, line,
> +                                       node && unwind_inlines, &inline_frames);
> +
> +       if (num_frames == 0 || !inline_frames) {
> +               /* Error, or we didn't want inlines. */
> +               return num_frames;
> +       }
> +
> +       for (int i = 0; i < num_frames; ++i) {
> +               struct symbol *inline_sym =
> +                       new_inline_sym(dso, sym, inline_frames[i].funcname);
> +               char *srcline = NULL;
> +
> +               if (inline_frames[i].filename)
> +                       srcline = srcline_from_fileline(
> +                               inline_frames[i].filename,
> +                               inline_frames[i].line);
> +               if (inline_list__append(inline_sym, srcline, node) != 0) {
> +                       free_llvm_inline_frames(inline_frames, num_frames);
> +                       return 0;
> +               }
> +       }
> +       free_llvm_inline_frames(inline_frames, num_frames);
> +
> +       return num_frames;
> +}
> +
> +void dso__free_a2l(struct dso *)
> +{
> +       /* Nothing to free. */
> +}
> +
> +#elif defined(HAVE_LIBBFD_SUPPORT)
>
>  /*
>   * Implement addr2line using libbfd.
> --
> 2.43.0
>

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