Date: Wed, 22 May 2024 11:19:45 -0400
From: "Liam R. Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@...cle.com>
To: Mateusz Guzik <mjguzik@...il.com>
Cc: akpm@...ux-foundation.org, vbabka@...e.cz, lstoakes@...il.com,
        linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm@...ck.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] mm: batch unlink_file_vma calls in free_pgd_range

* Mateusz Guzik <mjguzik@...il.com> [240521 19:43]:
> Execs of dynamically linked binaries at 20-ish cores are bottlenecked on
> the i_mmap_rwsem semaphore, while the biggest singular contributor is
> free_pgd_range inducing the lock acquire back-to-back for all
> consecutive mappings of a given file.
> 
> Tracing the count of said acquires while building the kernel shows:
> [1, 2)     799579 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@|
> [2, 3)          0 |                                                    |
> [3, 4)       3009 |                                                    |
> [4, 5)       3009 |                                                    |
> [5, 6)     326442 |@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@                               |
> 
> So in particular there were 326442 opportunities to coalesce 5 acquires
> into 1.
> 
> Doing so increases execs per second by 4% (~50k to ~52k) when running
> the benchmark linked below.
> 
> The lock remains the main bottleneck, I have not looked at other spots
> yet.

Thanks.  This change is compact and allows for a performance gain.  It
looks good to me.

I guess this would cause a regression on single mappings, probably
within the noise and probably not a real work load.  Just something to
keep in mind to check if the bots yell about some contrived benchmark.

> 
> Bench can be found here:
> http://apollo.backplane.com/DFlyMisc/doexec.c
> 
> $ cc -O2 -o shared-doexec doexec.c
> $ ./shared-doexec $(nproc)
> 
> Note this particular test makes sure binaries are separate, but the
> loader is shared.
> 
> Stats collected on the patched kernel (+ "noinline") with:
> bpftrace -e 'kprobe:unlink_file_vma_batch_process
> { @ = lhist(((struct unlink_vma_file_batch *)arg0)->count, 0, 8, 1); }'
> 
> Signed-off-by: Mateusz Guzik <mjguzik@...il.com>
> ---
> 
> v2:
> - move new stuff to mm/internal.h
> 
>  mm/internal.h |  9 +++++++++
>  mm/memory.c   | 10 ++++++++--
>  mm/mmap.c     | 41 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  3 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/mm/internal.h b/mm/internal.h
> index 2adabe369403..2e7be1c773f2 100644
> --- a/mm/internal.h
> +++ b/mm/internal.h
> @@ -1484,4 +1484,13 @@ static inline void shrinker_debugfs_remove(struct dentry *debugfs_entry,
>  void workingset_update_node(struct xa_node *node);
>  extern struct list_lru shadow_nodes;
>  
> +struct unlink_vma_file_batch {
> +	int count;
> +	struct vm_area_struct *vmas[8];
> +};
> +
> +void unlink_file_vma_batch_init(struct unlink_vma_file_batch *);
> +void unlink_file_vma_batch_add(struct unlink_vma_file_batch *, struct vm_area_struct *);
> +void unlink_file_vma_batch_final(struct unlink_vma_file_batch *);
> +
>  #endif	/* __MM_INTERNAL_H */
> diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
> index b5453b86ec4b..1b96dce19796 100644
> --- a/mm/memory.c
> +++ b/mm/memory.c
> @@ -365,6 +365,8 @@ void free_pgtables(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct ma_state *mas,
>  		   struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long floor,
>  		   unsigned long ceiling, bool mm_wr_locked)
>  {
> +	struct unlink_vma_file_batch vb;
> +
>  	do {
>  		unsigned long addr = vma->vm_start;
>  		struct vm_area_struct *next;
> @@ -384,12 +386,15 @@ void free_pgtables(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct ma_state *mas,
>  		if (mm_wr_locked)
>  			vma_start_write(vma);
>  		unlink_anon_vmas(vma);
> -		unlink_file_vma(vma);
>  
>  		if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) {
> +			unlink_file_vma(vma);
>  			hugetlb_free_pgd_range(tlb, addr, vma->vm_end,
>  				floor, next ? next->vm_start : ceiling);
>  		} else {
> +			unlink_file_vma_batch_init(&vb);
> +			unlink_file_vma_batch_add(&vb, vma);
> +
>  			/*
>  			 * Optimization: gather nearby vmas into one call down
>  			 */
> @@ -402,8 +407,9 @@ void free_pgtables(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct ma_state *mas,
>  				if (mm_wr_locked)
>  					vma_start_write(vma);
>  				unlink_anon_vmas(vma);
> -				unlink_file_vma(vma);
> +				unlink_file_vma_batch_add(&vb, vma);
>  			}
> +			unlink_file_vma_batch_final(&vb);
>  			free_pgd_range(tlb, addr, vma->vm_end,
>  				floor, next ? next->vm_start : ceiling);
>  		}
> diff --git a/mm/mmap.c b/mm/mmap.c
> index d6d8ab119b72..1f9a43ecd053 100644
> --- a/mm/mmap.c
> +++ b/mm/mmap.c

I see why you put them in mm/mmap.c and it's the best place right now,
for some definition of best.  The vma work is spread across several
files.

On that note, kernel/fork.c uses this lock for each cloned vma right
now.  If you saved the file pointer in your struct, it could be used
for bulk add as well.  The only complication I see is the insert order
being inserted "just after mpnt", maybe a bulk add version of the struct
would need two lists of vmas - if the size of the struct is of concern,
I don't think it would be.

> @@ -131,6 +131,47 @@ void unlink_file_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
>  	}
>  }
>  
> +void unlink_file_vma_batch_init(struct unlink_vma_file_batch *vb)
> +{
> +	vb->count = 0;
> +}
> +
> +static void unlink_file_vma_batch_process(struct unlink_vma_file_batch *vb)
> +{
> +	struct address_space *mapping;
> +	int i;
> +
> +	mapping = vb->vmas[0]->vm_file->f_mapping;
> +	i_mmap_lock_write(mapping);
> +	for (i = 0; i < vb->count; i++) {
> +		VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(vb->vmas[i]->vm_file->f_mapping != mapping);
> +		__remove_shared_vm_struct(vb->vmas[i], mapping);
> +	}
> +	i_mmap_unlock_write(mapping);
> +
> +	unlink_file_vma_batch_init(vb);
> +}
> +
> +void unlink_file_vma_batch_add(struct unlink_vma_file_batch *vb,
> +			       struct vm_area_struct *vma)
> +{
> +	if (vma->vm_file == NULL)
> +		return;
> +

It might be worth a comment about count being always ahead of the last
vma in the array.  On first glance, I was concerned about an off-by-one
here (and in the process function).  But maybe it's just me, the
increment is pretty close to this statement - I had to think about
ARRAY_SIZE() here.

> +	if ((vb->count > 0 && vb->vmas[0]->vm_file != vma->vm_file) ||
> +	    vb->count == ARRAY_SIZE(vb->vmas))

Since you are checking vm_file and only support a single vm_file in this
version, it might be worth saving it in your unlink_vma_file_batch
struct.  It could also be used in the processing to reduce dereferencing
to f_mappings.

I'm not sure if this is worth it with modern cpus, though.  I'm just
thinking that this step is executed the most so any speedup here will
help you.

> +		unlink_file_vma_batch_process(vb);
> +
> +	vb->vmas[vb->count] = vma;
> +	vb->count++;
> +}
> +
> +void unlink_file_vma_batch_final(struct unlink_vma_file_batch *vb)
> +{
> +	if (vb->count > 0)
> +		unlink_file_vma_batch_process(vb);
> +}
> +
>  /*
>   * Close a vm structure and free it.
>   */
> -- 
> 2.39.2
> 

Feel free to add

Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@...cle.com>

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