linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v1] memfd: `MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL` should not imply `MFD_ALLOW

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Date: Wed, 22 May 2024 19:32:35 -0700
From: Jeff Xu <jeffxu@...gle.com>
To: Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc: Barnabás Pőcze <pobrn@...tonmail.com>, 
	linux-mm@...ck.org, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, 
	linux-kselftest@...r.kernel.org, dmitry.torokhov@...il.com, 
	dverkamp@...omium.org, hughd@...gle.com, jorgelo@...omium.org, 
	skhan@...uxfoundation.org, keescook@...omium.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v1] memfd: `MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL` should not imply `MFD_ALLOW_SEALING`

On Wed, May 22, 2024 at 4:23 PM Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org> wrote:
>
> On Wed, 15 May 2024 23:11:12 -0700 Jeff Xu <jeffxu@...gle.com> wrote:
>
> > On Mon, May 13, 2024 at 12:15 PM Barnabás Pőcze <pobrn@...tonmail.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > `MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL` should remove the executable bits and set
> > > `F_SEAL_EXEC` to prevent further modifications to the executable
> > > bits as per the comment in the uapi header file:
> > >
> > >   not executable and sealed to prevent changing to executable
> > >
> > > However, currently, it also unsets `F_SEAL_SEAL`, essentially
> > > acting as a superset of `MFD_ALLOW_SEALING`. Nothing implies
> > > that it should be so, and indeed up until the second version
> > > of the of the patchset[0] that introduced `MFD_EXEC` and
> > > `MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL`, `F_SEAL_SEAL` was not removed, however it
> > > was changed in the third revision of the patchset[1] without
> > > a clear explanation.
> > >
> > > This behaviour is suprising for application developers,
> > > there is no documentation that would reveal that `MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL`
> > > has the additional effect of `MFD_ALLOW_SEALING`.
> > >
> > Ya, I agree that there should be documentation, such as a man page. I will
> > work on that.
> >
> > > So do not remove `F_SEAL_SEAL` when `MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL` is requested.
> > > This is technically an ABI break, but it seems very unlikely that an
> > > application would depend on this behaviour (unless by accident).
> > >
> > > [0]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220805222126.142525-3-jeffxu@google.com/
> > > [1]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20221202013404.163143-3-jeffxu@google.com/
> >
> > ...
> >
> > Reviewed-by: Jeff Xu <jeffxu@...gle.com>
>
> It's a change to a userspace API, yes?  Please let's have a detailed
> description of why this is OK.  Why it won't affect any existing users.
>
Unfortunately, this is a breaking change that might break a
application if they do below:
memfd_create("", MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL)
fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, F_SEAL_WRITE); <-- this will fail in new
semantics, due to mfd not being sealable.

However, I still think the new semantics is a better, the reason is
due to  the sysctl: memfd_noexec_scope
Currently, when the sysctl  is set to MEMFD_NOEXEC_SCOPE_NOEXEC_SEAL
kernel adds MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL to memfd_create, and the memfd  becomes sealable.
E.g.
When the sysctl is set to MEMFD_NOEXEC_SCOPE_NOEXEC_SEAL
The app calls memfd_create("",0)
application will get sealable memfd, which might be a surprise to application.

If the app doesn't want this behavior, they will need one of two below
in current implementation.
1>
set the sysctl: memfd_noexec_scope to 0.
So the kernel doesn't overwrite the mdmfd_create

2>
modify their code  to get non-sealable NOEXEC memfd.
memfd_create("", MEMFD_NOEXEC_SCOPE_NOEXEC)
fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, F_SEAL_SEAL)

The new semantics works better with the sysctl.

Since memfd noexec is new, maybe there is no application using the
MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL to create
sealable memfd. They mostly likely use
memfd(MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL|MFD_ALLOW_SEALING) instead.
I think it might benefit in the long term with the new semantics.

If breaking change is not recommended,  the alternative is to
introduce a new flag.
MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL_SEAL. (I can't find a better name...)

What do you think ?

> Also, please let's give consideration to a -stable backport so that all
> kernel versions will eventually behave in the same manner.
>
Yes. If the new semantics is acceptable, backport is needed as bugfix
to all kernel versions.
I can do that if someone helps me with the process.

And sorry about this bug that I created.