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Date: Mon, 27 May 2024 15:34:33 +0200
From: David Hildenbrand <dhildenb@...hat.com>
To: "Jason A. Donenfeld" <Jason@...c4.com>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
patches@...ts.linux.dev, tglx@...utronix.de
Cc: linux-mm@...ck.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v15 1/5] mm: add VM_DROPPABLE for designating always
lazily freeable mappings
Am 21.05.24 um 13:18 schrieb Jason A. Donenfeld:
> The vDSO getrandom() implementation works with a buffer allocated with a
> new system call that has certain requirements:
>
> - It shouldn't be written to core dumps.
> * Easy: VM_DONTDUMP.
> - It should be zeroed on fork.
> * Easy: VM_WIPEONFORK.
>
> - It shouldn't be written to swap.
> * Uh-oh: mlock is rlimited.
> * Uh-oh: mlock isn't inherited by forks.
>
> - It shouldn't reserve actual memory, but it also shouldn't crash when
> page faulting in memory if none is available
> * Uh-oh: MAP_NORESERVE respects vm.overcommit_memory=2.
> * Uh-oh: VM_NORESERVE means segfaults.
>
> It turns out that the vDSO getrandom() function has three really nice
> characteristics that we can exploit to solve this problem:
>
> 1) Due to being wiped during fork(), the vDSO code is already robust to
> having the contents of the pages it reads zeroed out midway through
> the function's execution.
>
> 2) In the absolute worst case of whatever contingency we're coding for,
> we have the option to fallback to the getrandom() syscall, and
> everything is fine.
>
> 3) The buffers the function uses are only ever useful for a maximum of
> 60 seconds -- a sort of cache, rather than a long term allocation.
>
> These characteristics mean that we can introduce VM_DROPPABLE, which
> has the following semantics:
>
> a) It never is written out to swap.
> b) Under memory pressure, mm can just drop the pages (so that they're
> zero when read back again).
> c) If there's not enough memory to service a page fault, it's not fatal.
> d) It is inherited by fork.
> e) It doesn't count against the mlock budget, since nothing is locked.
>
> This is fairly simple to implement, with the one snag that we have to
> use 64-bit VM_* flags, but this shouldn't be a problem, since the only
> consumers will probably be 64-bit anyway.
>
> This way, allocations used by vDSO getrandom() can use:
>
> VM_DROPPABLE | VM_DONTDUMP | VM_WIPEONFORK | VM_NORESERVE
>
> And there will be no problem with OOMing, crashing on overcommitment,
> using memory when not in use, not wiping on fork(), coredumps, or
> writing out to swap.
>
> Cc: linux-mm@...ck.org
> Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@...c4.com>
> ---
> fs/proc/task_mmu.c | 3 +++
> include/linux/mm.h | 8 ++++++++
> include/trace/events/mmflags.h | 7 +++++++
> mm/Kconfig | 3 +++
> mm/memory.c | 4 ++++
> mm/mempolicy.c | 3 +++
> mm/mprotect.c | 2 +-
> mm/rmap.c | 5 +++--
> 8 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/fs/proc/task_mmu.c b/fs/proc/task_mmu.c
> index e5a5f015ff03..b5a59e57bde1 100644
> --- a/fs/proc/task_mmu.c
> +++ b/fs/proc/task_mmu.c
> @@ -706,6 +706,9 @@ static void show_smap_vma_flags(struct seq_file *m, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
> #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_USERFAULTFD_MINOR */
> #ifdef CONFIG_X86_USER_SHADOW_STACK
> [ilog2(VM_SHADOW_STACK)] = "ss",
> +#endif
> +#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_VM_DROPPABLE
> + [ilog2(VM_DROPPABLE)] = "dp",
> #endif
> };
> size_t i;
> diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
> index 9849dfda44d4..5978cb4cc21c 100644
> --- a/include/linux/mm.h
> +++ b/include/linux/mm.h
> @@ -321,12 +321,14 @@ extern unsigned int kobjsize(const void *objp);
> #define VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_3 35 /* bit only usable on 64-bit architectures */
> #define VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_4 36 /* bit only usable on 64-bit architectures */
> #define VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_5 37 /* bit only usable on 64-bit architectures */
> +#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_6 38 /* bit only usable on 64-bit architectures */
> #define VM_HIGH_ARCH_0 BIT(VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_0)
> #define VM_HIGH_ARCH_1 BIT(VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_1)
> #define VM_HIGH_ARCH_2 BIT(VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_2)
> #define VM_HIGH_ARCH_3 BIT(VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_3)
> #define VM_HIGH_ARCH_4 BIT(VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_4)
> #define VM_HIGH_ARCH_5 BIT(VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_5)
> +#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_6 BIT(VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_6)
> #endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_USES_HIGH_VMA_FLAGS */
>
> #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PKEYS
> @@ -357,6 +359,12 @@ extern unsigned int kobjsize(const void *objp);
> # define VM_SHADOW_STACK VM_NONE
> #endif
>
> +#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_VM_DROPPABLE
> +# define VM_DROPPABLE VM_HIGH_ARCH_6
> +#else
> +# define VM_DROPPABLE VM_NONE
> +#endif
> +
> #if defined(CONFIG_X86)
> # define VM_PAT VM_ARCH_1 /* PAT reserves whole VMA at once (x86) */
> #elif defined(CONFIG_PPC)
> diff --git a/include/trace/events/mmflags.h b/include/trace/events/mmflags.h
> index e46d6e82765e..fab7848df50a 100644
> --- a/include/trace/events/mmflags.h
> +++ b/include/trace/events/mmflags.h
> @@ -165,6 +165,12 @@ IF_HAVE_PG_ARCH_X(arch_3)
> # define IF_HAVE_UFFD_MINOR(flag, name)
> #endif
>
> +#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_VM_DROPPABLE
> +# define IF_HAVE_VM_DROPPABLE(flag, name) {flag, name},
> +#else
> +# define IF_HAVE_VM_DROPPABLE(flag, name)
> +#endif
> +
> #define __def_vmaflag_names \
> {VM_READ, "read" }, \
> {VM_WRITE, "write" }, \
> @@ -197,6 +203,7 @@ IF_HAVE_VM_SOFTDIRTY(VM_SOFTDIRTY, "softdirty" ) \
> {VM_MIXEDMAP, "mixedmap" }, \
> {VM_HUGEPAGE, "hugepage" }, \
> {VM_NOHUGEPAGE, "nohugepage" }, \
> +IF_HAVE_VM_DROPPABLE(VM_DROPPABLE, "droppable" ) \
> {VM_MERGEABLE, "mergeable" } \
>
> #define show_vma_flags(flags) \
> diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig
> index b4cb45255a54..6cd65ea4b3ad 100644
> --- a/mm/Kconfig
> +++ b/mm/Kconfig
> @@ -1056,6 +1056,9 @@ config ARCH_USES_HIGH_VMA_FLAGS
> bool
> config ARCH_HAS_PKEYS
> bool
> +config NEED_VM_DROPPABLE
> + select ARCH_USES_HIGH_VMA_FLAGS
> + bool
>
> config ARCH_USES_PG_ARCH_X
> bool
> diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
> index b5453b86ec4b..57b03fc73159 100644
> --- a/mm/memory.c
> +++ b/mm/memory.c
> @@ -5689,6 +5689,10 @@ vm_fault_t handle_mm_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
>
> lru_gen_exit_fault();
>
> + /* If the mapping is droppable, then errors due to OOM aren't fatal. */
> + if (vma->vm_flags & VM_DROPPABLE)
> + ret &= ~VM_FAULT_OOM;
> +
> if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_USER) {
> mem_cgroup_exit_user_fault();
> /*
> diff --git a/mm/mempolicy.c b/mm/mempolicy.c
> index aec756ae5637..a66289f1d931 100644
> --- a/mm/mempolicy.c
> +++ b/mm/mempolicy.c
> @@ -2300,6 +2300,9 @@ struct folio *vma_alloc_folio_noprof(gfp_t gfp, int order, struct vm_area_struct
> pgoff_t ilx;
> struct page *page;
>
> + if (vma->vm_flags & VM_DROPPABLE)
> + gfp |= __GFP_NOWARN | __GFP_NORETRY;
> +
> pol = get_vma_policy(vma, addr, order, &ilx);
> page = alloc_pages_mpol_noprof(gfp | __GFP_COMP, order,
> pol, ilx, numa_node_id());
> diff --git a/mm/mprotect.c b/mm/mprotect.c
> index 94878c39ee32..88ff3ecc08a1 100644
> --- a/mm/mprotect.c
> +++ b/mm/mprotect.c
> @@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ mprotect_fixup(struct vma_iterator *vmi, struct mmu_gather *tlb,
> may_expand_vm(mm, oldflags, nrpages))
> return -ENOMEM;
> if (!(oldflags & (VM_ACCOUNT|VM_WRITE|VM_HUGETLB|
> - VM_SHARED|VM_NORESERVE))) {
> + VM_SHARED|VM_NORESERVE|VM_DROPPABLE))) {
> charged = nrpages;
> if (security_vm_enough_memory_mm(mm, charged))
> return -ENOMEM;
> diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c
> index e8fc5ecb59b2..f23b9f796aae 100644
> --- a/mm/rmap.c
> +++ b/mm/rmap.c
> @@ -1397,7 +1397,8 @@ void folio_add_new_anon_rmap(struct folio *folio, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_hugetlb(folio), folio);
> VM_BUG_ON_VMA(address < vma->vm_start ||
> address + (nr << PAGE_SHIFT) > vma->vm_end, vma);
> - __folio_set_swapbacked(folio);
> + if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_DROPPABLE))
> + __folio_set_swapbacked(folio);
> __folio_set_anon(folio, vma, address, true);
>
> if (likely(!folio_test_large(folio))) {
> @@ -1841,7 +1842,7 @@ static bool try_to_unmap_one(struct folio *folio, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> * plus the rmap(s) (dropped by discard:).
> */
> if (ref_count == 1 + map_count &&
> - !folio_test_dirty(folio)) {
> + (!folio_test_dirty(folio) || (vma->vm_flags & VM_DROPPABLE))) {
> dec_mm_counter(mm, MM_ANONPAGES);
> goto discard;
> }
If there is any unexpected temporary folio reference (ref_count != 1 +
map_count), you'll end up calling folio_set_swapbacked() and the next swapout
round will write that folio to swap.
--
Thanks,
David / dhildenb
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