Date: Tue, 28 May 2024 20:41:12 +0200
From: Andrzej Pietrasiewicz <andrzej.p@...labora.com>
To: Michael Grzeschik <m.grzeschik@...gutronix.de>,
 Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@...nel.org>, Latchesar Ionkov
 <lucho@...kov.net>, Dominique Martinet <asmadeus@...ewreck.org>,
 Christian Schoenebeck <linux_oss@...debyte.com>,
 Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>,
 Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>
Cc: v9fs@...ts.linux.dev, linux-doc@...r.kernel.org,
 linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-usb@...r.kernel.org,
 kernel@...gutronix.de, Jan Luebbe <jlu@...gutronix.de>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v5 3/3] tools: usb: p9_fwd: add usb gadget packet
 forwarder script

Hi,

W dniu 28.05.2024 o 00:08, Michael Grzeschik pisze:
> This patch is adding an small python tool to forward 9pfs requests
> from the USB gadget to an existing 9pfs TCP server. Since currently all
> 9pfs servers lack support for the usb transport this tool is an useful
> helper to get started.
> 
> Refer the Documentation section "USBG Example" in
> Documentation/filesystems/9p.rst on how to use it.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Jan Luebbe <jlu@...gutronix.de>
> Signed-off-by: Michael Grzeschik <m.grzeschik@...gutronix.de>
> 
> ---
> v4 -> v5:
>    - updated documentation for new subcommands list/connect
>    - run ruff format
>    - make vid and pid parameterized

Thanks for adding that.

>    - add list as subcommand to scan for devices
>    - move connect to extra subcommand
> v3 -> v4: -
> v2 -> v3: -
> v1 -> v2:
>    - added usbg 9pfs detailed instructions to 9p.rst doc
> ---
>   Documentation/filesystems/9p.rst |  41 +++++++
>   tools/usb/p9_fwd.py              | 243 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>   2 files changed, 284 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/9p.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/9p.rst
> index 10cf79dc287f8..2cc85f3e8659f 100644
> --- a/Documentation/filesystems/9p.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/9p.rst
> @@ -67,6 +67,47 @@ To mount a 9p FS on a USB Host accessible via the gadget as root filesystem::
>   where <device> is the tag associated by the usb gadget transport.
>   It is defined by the configfs instance name.
>   
> +USBG Example
> +============
> +
> +The USB host exports a filesystem, while the gadget on the USB device
> +side makes it mountable.
> +
> +Diod (9pfs server) and the forwarder are on the development host, where
> +the root filesystem is actually stored. The gadget is initialized during
> +boot (or later) on the embedded board. Then the forwarder will find it
> +on the USB bus and start forwarding requests.
> +
> +In this case the 9p requests come from the device and are handled by the
> +host. The reason is that USB device ports are normally not available on
> +PCs, so a connection in the other direction would not work.
> +
> +When using the usbg transport, for now there is no native usb host
> +service capable to handle the requests from the gadget driver. For
> +this we have to use the extra python tool p9_fwd.py from tools/usb.
> +
> +Just start the 9pfs capable network server like diod/nfs-ganesha e.g.:
> +
> +        $ diod -f -n -d 0 -S -l 0.0.0.0:9999 -e $PWD
> +
> +Optionaly scan your bus if there are more then one usbg gadgets to find their path:
> +
> +        $ python $kernel_dir/tools/usb/p9_fwd.py list
> +
> +        Bus | Addr | Manufacturer     | Product          | ID        | Path
> +        --- | ---- | ---------------- | ---------------- | --------- | ----
> +          2 |   67 | unknown          | unknown          | 1d6b:0109 | 2-1.1.2
> +          2 |   68 | unknown          | unknown          | 1d6b:0109 | 2-1.1.3
> +
> +Then start the python transport:
> +
> +        $ python $kernel_dir/tools/usb/p9_fwd.py --path 2-1.1.2 connect -p 9999
> +
> +After that the gadget driver can be used as described above.
> +
> +One use-case is to use it as an alternative to NFS root booting during
> +the development of embedded Linux devices.
> +
>   Options
>   =======
>   
> diff --git a/tools/usb/p9_fwd.py b/tools/usb/p9_fwd.py
> new file mode 100755
> index 0000000000000..7bedefce75c7b
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/usb/p9_fwd.py
> @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
> +#!/usr/bin/env python3
> +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +
> +import argparse
> +import errno
> +import logging
> +import socket
> +import struct
> +import time
> +
> +import usb.core
> +import usb.util
> +
> +
> +def path_from_usb_dev(dev):
> +    """Takes a pyUSB device as argument and returns a string.
> +    The string is a Path representation of the position of the USB device on the USB bus tree.
> +
> +    This path is used to find a USB device on the bus or all devices connected to a HUB.
> +    The path is made up of the number of the USB controller followed be the ports of the HUB tree."""
> +    if dev.port_numbers:
> +        dev_path = ".".join(str(i) for i in dev.port_numbers)
> +        return f"{dev.bus}-{dev_path}"
> +    return ""
> +
> +
> +HEXDUMP_FILTER = "".join(chr(x).isprintable() and chr(x) or "." for x in range(128)) + "." * 128
> +
> +
> +class Forwarder:
> +    @staticmethod
> +    def _log_hexdump(data):
> +        if not logging.root.isEnabledFor(logging.TRACE):
> +            return
> +        L = 16
> +        for c in range(0, len(data), L):
> +            chars = data[c : c + L]
> +            dump = " ".join(f"{x:02x}" for x in chars)
> +            printable = "".join(HEXDUMP_FILTER[x] for x in chars)
> +            line = f"{c:08x}  {dump:{L*3}s} |{printable:{L}s}|"
> +            logging.root.log(logging.TRACE, "%s", line)
> +
> +    def __init__(self, server, vid, pid, path):
> +        self.stats = {
> +            "c2s packets": 0,
> +            "c2s bytes": 0,
> +            "s2c packets": 0,
> +            "s2c bytes": 0,
> +        }
> +        self.stats_logged = time.monotonic()
> +
> +        def find_filter(dev):
> +            dev_path = path_from_usb_dev(dev)
> +            if path is not None:
> +                return dev_path == path
> +            return True
> +
> +        dev = usb.core.find(idVendor=vid, idProduct=pid, custom_match=find_filter)
> +        if dev is None:
> +            raise ValueError("Device not found")
> +
> +        logging.info(f"found device: {dev.bus}/{dev.address} located at {path_from_usb_dev(dev)}")
> +
> +        # dev.set_configuration() is not necessary since g_multi has only one
> +        usb9pfs = None
> +        # g_multi adds 9pfs as last interface
> +        cfg = dev.get_active_configuration()
> +        for intf in cfg:
> +            # we have to detach the usb-storage driver from multi gadget since
> +            # stall option could be set, which will lead to spontaneous port
> +            # resets and our transfers will run dead
> +            if intf.bInterfaceClass == 0x08:
> +                if dev.is_kernel_driver_active(intf.bInterfaceNumber):
> +                    dev.detach_kernel_driver(intf.bInterfaceNumber)
> +
> +            if intf.bInterfaceClass == 0xFF and intf.bInterfaceSubClass == 0xFF and intf.bInterfaceProtocol == 0x09:
> +                usb9pfs = intf
> +        if usb9pfs is None:
> +            raise ValueError("Interface not found")
> +
> +        logging.info(f"claiming interface:\n{usb9pfs}")
> +        usb.util.claim_interface(dev, usb9pfs.bInterfaceNumber)
> +        ep_out = usb.util.find_descriptor(
> +            usb9pfs,
> +            custom_match=lambda e: usb.util.endpoint_direction(e.bEndpointAddress) == usb.util.ENDPOINT_OUT,
> +        )
> +        assert ep_out is not None
> +        ep_in = usb.util.find_descriptor(
> +            usb9pfs,
> +            custom_match=lambda e: usb.util.endpoint_direction(e.bEndpointAddress) == usb.util.ENDPOINT_IN,
> +        )
> +        assert ep_in is not None
> +        logging.info("interface claimed")
> +
> +        self.ep_out = ep_out
> +        self.ep_in = ep_in
> +        self.dev = dev
> +
> +        # create and connect socket
> +        self.s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
> +        self.s.connect(server)
> +
> +        logging.info("connected to server")
> +
> +    def c2s(self):
> +        """forward a request from the USB client to the TCP server"""
> +        data = None
> +        while data is None:
> +            try:
> +                logging.log(logging.TRACE, "c2s: reading")
> +                data = self.ep_in.read(self.ep_in.wMaxPacketSize)
> +            except usb.core.USBTimeoutError:
> +                logging.log(logging.TRACE, "c2s: reading timed out")
> +                continue
> +            except usb.core.USBError as e:
> +                if e.errno == errno.EIO:
> +                    logging.debug("c2s: reading failed with %s, retrying", repr(e))
> +                    time.sleep(0.5)
> +                    continue
> +                logging.error("c2s: reading failed with %s, aborting", repr(e))
> +                raise
> +        size = struct.unpack("<I", data[:4])[0]
> +        while len(data) < size:
> +            data += self.ep_in.read(size - len(data))
> +        logging.log(logging.TRACE, "c2s: writing")
> +        self._log_hexdump(data)
> +        self.s.send(data)
> +        logging.debug("c2s: forwarded %i bytes", size)
> +        self.stats["c2s packets"] += 1
> +        self.stats["c2s bytes"] += size
> +
> +    def s2c(self):
> +        """forward a response from the TCP server to the USB client"""
> +        logging.log(logging.TRACE, "s2c: reading")
> +        data = self.s.recv(4)
> +        size = struct.unpack("<I", data[:4])[0]
> +        while len(data) < size:
> +            data += self.s.recv(size - len(data))
> +        logging.log(logging.TRACE, "s2c: writing")
> +        self._log_hexdump(data)
> +        while data:
> +            written = self.ep_out.write(data)
> +            assert written > 0
> +            data = data[written:]
> +        if size % self.ep_out.wMaxPacketSize == 0:
> +            logging.log(logging.TRACE, "sending zero length packet")
> +            self.ep_out.write(b"")
> +        logging.debug("s2c: forwarded %i bytes", size)
> +        self.stats["s2c packets"] += 1
> +        self.stats["s2c bytes"] += size
> +
> +    def log_stats(self):
> +        logging.info("statistics:")
> +        for k, v in self.stats.items():
> +            logging.info(f"  {k+':':14s} {v}")
> +
> +    def log_stats_interval(self, interval=5):
> +        if (time.monotonic() - self.stats_logged) < interval:
> +            return
> +
> +        self.log_stats()
> +        self.stats_logged = time.monotonic()
> +
> +
> +def try_get_usb_str(dev, name):
> +    try:
> +        with open(f"/sys/bus/usb/devices/{dev.bus}-{dev.address}/{name}") as f:
> +            return f.read().strip()
> +    except FileNotFoundError:
> +        return None
> +
> +
> +def list_usb(args):
> +    vid, pid = [int(x, 16) for x in args.id.split(":", 1)]
> +
> +    print("Bus | Addr | Manufacturer     | Product          | ID        | Path")
> +    print("--- | ---- | ---------------- | ---------------- | --------- | ----")
> +    for dev in usb.core.find(find_all=True, idVendor=vid, idProduct=pid):
> +        path = path_from_usb_dev(dev) or ""
> +        manufacturer = try_get_usb_str(dev, "manufacturer") or "unknown"
> +        product = try_get_usb_str(dev, "product") or "unknown"
> +        print(
> +            f"{dev.bus:3} | {dev.address:4} | {manufacturer:16} | {product:16} | {dev.idVendor:04x}:{dev.idProduct:04x} | {path:18}"
> +        )
> +
> +
> +def connect(args):
> +    vid, pid = [int(x, 16) for x in args.id.split(":", 1)]
> +
> +    f = Forwarder(server=(args.server, args.port), vid=vid, pid=pid, path=args.path)
> +
> +    try:
> +        while True:
> +            f.c2s()
> +            f.s2c()
> +            f.log_stats_interval()
> +    finally:
> +        f.log_stats()
> +
> +
> +def main():
> +    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
> +        description="Forward 9PFS requests from USB to TCP",
> +    )
> +
> +    parser.add_argument("--id", type=str, default="1d6b:0109", help="vid:pid of target device")
> +    parser.add_argument("--path", type=str, default="", help="path of target device")

I had to specify both --id and --path, otherwise I was getting
"device not found".

Regards,

Andrzej

> +    parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="count", default=0)
> +
> +    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()
> +    subparsers.required = True
> +    subparsers.dest = "command"
> +
> +    parser_list = subparsers.add_parser("list", help="List all connected 9p gadgets")
> +    parser_list.set_defaults(func=list_usb)
> +
> +    parser_connect = subparsers.add_parser(
> +        "connect", help="Forward messages between the usb9pfs gadget and the 9p server"
> +    )
> +    parser_connect.set_defaults(func=connect)
> +    connect_group = parser_connect.add_argument_group()
> +    connect_group.required = True
> +    parser_connect.add_argument("-s", "--server", type=str, default="127.0.0.1", help="server hostname")
> +    parser_connect.add_argument("-p", "--port", type=int, default=564, help="server port")> +
> +    args = parser.parse_args()
> +
> +    logging.TRACE = logging.DEBUG - 5
> +    logging.addLevelName(logging.TRACE, "TRACE")
> +
> +    if args.verbose >= 2:
> +        level = logging.TRACE
> +    elif args.verbose:
> +        level = logging.DEBUG
> +    else:
> +        level = logging.INFO
> +    logging.basicConfig(level=level, format="%(asctime)-15s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s")
> +
> +    args.func(args)
> +
> +
> +if __name__ == "__main__":
> +    main()
> 

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