Date: Sun, 2 Jun 2024 11:36:04 +0000
From: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@...il.com>
To: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>,
	g@...ter.smtp.subspace.kernel.org
Cc: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@...il.com>, Christoph Lameter <cl@...ux.com>,
	David Rientjes <rientjes@...gle.com>,
	Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org>,
	Daniel Borkmann <daniel@...earbox.net>,
	Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@...nel.org>,
	"Naveen N. Rao" <naveen.n.rao@...ux.ibm.com>,
	Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@...el.com>,
	"David S. Miller" <davem@...emloft.net>,
	Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@...nel.org>,
	Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
	Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>, Jiri Olsa <jolsa@...nel.org>,
	Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@...ux.dev>,
	Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@...il.com>, linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
	linux-mm@...ck.org, bpf@...r.kernel.org,
	linux-trace-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH RFC 0/4] static key support for error injection functions

On Fri, May 31, 2024 at 11:33:31AM +0200, Vlastimil Babka wrote:
>Incomplete, help needed from ftrace/kprobe and bpf folks.
>
>As previously mentioned by myself [1] and others [2] the functions
>designed for error injection can bring visible overhead in fastpaths
>such as slab or page allocation, because even if nothing hooks into them
>at a given moment, they are noninline function calls regardless of
>CONFIG_ options since commits 4f6923fbb352 ("mm: make should_failslab
>always available for fault injection") and af3b854492f3
>("mm/page_alloc.c: allow error injection").
>
>Live patching their callsites has been also suggested in both [1] and
>[2] threads, and this is an attempt to do that with static keys that
>guard the call sites. When disabled, the error injection functions still
>exist and are noinline, but are not being called. Any of the existing
>mechanisms that can inject errors should make sure to enable the
>respective static key. I have added that support to some of them but
>need help with the others.
>
>- the legacy fault injection, i.e. CONFIG_FAILSLAB and
>  CONFIG_FAIL_PAGE_ALLOC is handled in Patch 1, and can be passed the
>  address of the static key if it exists. The key will be activated if the
>  fault injection probability becomes non-zero, and deactivated in the
>  opposite transition. This also removes the overhead of the evaluation
>  (on top of the noninline function call) when these mechanisms are
>  configured in the kernel but unused at the moment.
>
>- the generic error injection using kretprobes with
>  override_function_with_return is handled in patch 2. The
>  ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION() annotation is extended so that static key
>  address can be passed, and the framework controls it when error
>  injection is enabled or disabled in debugfs for the function.
>
>There are two more users I know of but am not familiar enough to fix up
>myself. I hope people that are more familiar can help me here.
>
>- ftrace seems to be using override_function_with_return from
>  #define ftrace_override_function_with_return but I found no place
>  where the latter is used. I assume it might be hidden behind more
>  macro magic? But the point is if ftrace can be instructed to act like
>  an error injection, it would also have to use some form of metadata
>  (from patch 2 presumably?) to get to the static key and control it.
>
>  If ftrace can only observe the function being called, maybe it
>  wouldn't be wrong to just observe nothing if the static key isn't
>  enabled because nobody is doing the fault injection?
>
>- bpftrace, as can be seen from the example in commit 4f6923fbb352
>  description. I suppose bpf is already aware what functions the
>  currently loaded bpf programs hook into, so that it could look up the
>  static key and control it. Maybe using again the metadata from patch 2,
>  or extending its own, as I've noticed there's e.g. BTF_ID(func,
>  should_failslab)
>
>Now I realize maybe handling this at the k(ret)probe level would be
>sufficient for all cases except the legacy fault injection from Patch 1?
>Also wanted to note that by AFAIU by using the static_key_slow_dec/inc
>API (as done in patches 1/2) should allow all mechanisms to coexist
>naturally without fighting each other on the static key state, and also
>handle the reference count for e.g. active probes or bpf programs if
>there's no similar internal mechanism.
>
>Patches 3 and 4 implement the static keys for the two mm fault injection
>sites in slab and page allocators. For a quick demonstration I've run a
>VM and the simple test from [1] that stresses the slab allocator and got

I took a look into [1] and I see some data like "1.43% plus the overhead in
its caller", but not clearly find which test cases are.

Sorry for my unfamiliarity, would you mind giving more words on the cases?

>this time before the series:
>
>real    0m8.349s
>user    0m0.694s
>sys     0m7.648s
>
>with perf showing
>
>   0.61%  nonexistent  [kernel.kallsyms]  [k] should_failslab.constprop.0
>   0.00%  nonexistent  [kernel.kallsyms]  [k] should_fail_alloc_page                                                                                                                                                                                        ▒
>
>And after the series
>
>real    0m7.924s
>user    0m0.727s
>sys     0m7.191s
>

Maybe add the percentage here would be more helpful.

>and the functions gone from perf report.
>
>There might be other such fault injection callsites in hotpaths of other
>subsystems but I didn't search for them at this point.
>
>[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/6d5bb852-8703-4abf-a52b-90816bccbd7f@suse.cz/
>[2] https://lore.kernel.org/all/3j5d3p22ssv7xoaghzraa7crcfih3h2qqjlhmjppbp6f42pg2t@kg7qoicog5ye/
>
>Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>
>---
>Vlastimil Babka (4):
>      fault-inject: add support for static keys around fault injection sites
>      error-injection: support static keys around injectable functions
>      mm, slab: add static key for should_failslab()
>      mm, page_alloc: add static key for should_fail_alloc_page()
>
> include/asm-generic/error-injection.h | 13 ++++++++++-
> include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h     |  2 +-
> include/linux/error-injection.h       |  9 +++++---
> include/linux/fault-inject.h          |  7 +++++-
> kernel/fail_function.c                | 22 +++++++++++++++---
> lib/error-inject.c                    |  6 ++++-
> lib/fault-inject.c                    | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
> mm/fail_page_alloc.c                  |  3 ++-
> mm/failslab.c                         |  2 +-
> mm/internal.h                         |  2 ++
> mm/page_alloc.c                       | 11 ++++++---
> mm/slab.h                             |  3 +++
> mm/slub.c                             | 10 +++++---
> 13 files changed, 114 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
>---
>base-commit: 1613e604df0cd359cf2a7fbd9be7a0bcfacfabd0
>change-id: 20240530-fault-injection-statickeys-66b7222e91b7
>
>Best regards,
>-- 
>Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>
>

-- 
Wei Yang
Help you, Help me

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