linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v3 0/2] mm: store zero pages to be swapped out in a bitmap

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Date: Thu, 13 Jun 2024 14:21:45 -0700
From: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@...gle.com>
To: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@...il.com>
Cc: akpm@...ux-foundation.org, hannes@...xchg.org, david@...hat.com, 
	ying.huang@...el.com, hughd@...gle.com, willy@...radead.org, 
	nphamcs@...il.com, chengming.zhou@...ux.dev, linux-mm@...ck.org, 
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, kernel-team@...a.com
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3 0/2] mm: store zero pages to be swapped out in a bitmap

On Mon, Jun 10, 2024 at 5:18 AM Usama Arif <usamaarif642@...il.com> wrote:
>
> Going back to the v1 implementation of the patchseries. The main reason
> is that a correct version of v2 implementation requires another rmap
> walk in shrink_folio_list to change the ptes from swap entry to zero pages to
> work (i.e. more CPU used) [1], is more complex to implement compared to v1
> and is harder to verify correctness compared to v1, where everything is
> handled by swap.
>
> ---
> As shown in the patchseries that introduced the zswap same-filled
> optimization [2], 10-20% of the pages stored in zswap are same-filled.
> This is also observed across Meta's server fleet.
> By using VM counters in swap_writepage (not included in this
> patchseries) it was found that less than 1% of the same-filled
> pages to be swapped out are non-zero pages.
>
> For conventional swap setup (without zswap), rather than reading/writing
> these pages to flash resulting in increased I/O and flash wear, a bitmap
> can be used to mark these pages as zero at write time, and the pages can
> be filled at read time if the bit corresponding to the page is set.
>
> When using zswap with swap, this also means that a zswap_entry does not
> need to be allocated for zero filled pages resulting in memory savings
> which would offset the memory used for the bitmap.
>
> A similar attempt was made earlier in [3] where zswap would only track
> zero-filled pages instead of same-filled.
> This patchseries adds zero-filled pages optimization to swap
> (hence it can be used even if zswap is disabled) and removes the
> same-filled code from zswap (as only 1% of the same-filled pages are
> non-zero), simplifying code.
>
> This patchseries is based on mm-unstable.

Aside from saving swap/zswap space and simplifying the zswap code
(thanks for that!), did you observe any performance benefits from not
having to go into zswap code for zero-filled pages?

In [3], I observed ~1.5% improvement in kernbench just by optimizing
zswap's handling of zero-filled pages, and that benchmark only
produced around 1.5% zero-filled pages. I imagine avoiding the zswap
code entirely, and for workloads that have 10-20% zero-filled pages,
the performance improvement should be more pronounced.

When zswap is not being used and all swap activity translates to IO, I
imagine the benefits will be much more significant.

I am curious if you have any numbers with or without zswap :)