Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2024 13:20:30 -0400
From: "Liam R. Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@...cle.com>
To: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@...il.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>, linux-fsdevel@...r.kernel.org,
        linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm@...ck.org,
        Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>, Matthew Wilcox <willy@...radead.org>,
        Alexander Viro <viro@...iv.linux.org.uk>,
        Christian Brauner <brauner@...nel.org>, Jan Kara <jack@...e.cz>,
        Eric Biederman <ebiederm@...ssion.com>, Kees Cook <kees@...nel.org>,
        Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@...gle.com>
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH 7/7] tools: add skeleton code for userland testing of
 VMA logic

* Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@...il.com> [240627 06:40]:
> Establish a new userland VMA unit testing implementation under
> tools/testing which utilises existing logic providing maple tree support in
> userland utilising the now-shared code previously exclusive to radix tree
> testing.
> 
> This provides fundamental VMA operations whose API is defined in mm/vma.h,
> while stubbing out superfluous functionality.
> 
> This exists as a proof-of-concept, with the test implementation functional
> and sufficient to allow userland compilation of vma.c, but containing only
> cursory tests to demonstrate basic functionality.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@...il.com>
> ---
>  MAINTAINERS                            |   1 +
>  tools/testing/vma/.gitignore           |   7 +
>  tools/testing/vma/Makefile             |  18 +
>  tools/testing/vma/errors.txt           |   0
>  tools/testing/vma/generated/autoconf.h |   2 +
>  tools/testing/vma/linux/atomic.h       |  19 +
>  tools/testing/vma/linux/mmzone.h       |  37 ++
>  tools/testing/vma/main.c               | 161 +++++
>  tools/testing/vma/vma.h                |   3 +
>  tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h       | 843 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  tools/testing/vma/vma_stub.c           |   6 +
>  11 files changed, 1097 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/vma/.gitignore
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/vma/Makefile
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/vma/errors.txt
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/vma/generated/autoconf.h
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/vma/linux/atomic.h
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/vma/linux/mmzone.h
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/vma/main.c
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/vma/vma.h
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/vma/vma_stub.c
> 
> diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
> index 0847cb5903ab..410062bd8e21 100644
> --- a/MAINTAINERS
> +++ b/MAINTAINERS
> @@ -23983,6 +23983,7 @@ T:	git git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
>  F:	mm/vma.c
>  F:	mm/vma.h
>  F:	mm/vma_internal.h
> +F:	tools/testing/vma
>  
>  VMALLOC
>  M:	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>
> diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/.gitignore b/tools/testing/vma/.gitignore
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..a8b785063b1c
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/testing/vma/.gitignore
> @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
> +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> +generated/bit-length.h
> +generated/map-shift.h
> +idr.c
> +main
> +radix-tree.c
> +vma.c
> diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/Makefile b/tools/testing/vma/Makefile
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..50d2a69ddff8
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/testing/vma/Makefile
> @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
> +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +
> +.PHONY: default
> +
> +default: main
> +
> +include ../shared/shared.mk
> +
> +OFILES = main.o $(SHARED_OFILES) maple-shim.o vma_stub.o
> +TARGETS = main
> +
> +vma.c: ../../../mm/vma.c
> +	cp $< $@
> +
> +main:	$(OFILES)

This needs some work to automatically run the copy target.

> +
> +clean:
> +	$(RM) $(TARGETS) *.o radix-tree.c idr.c generated/map-shift.h generated/bit-length.h

This needs to clean out vma.c to avoid stale testing.

But, none of this is needed.

What we can do instead is add the correct header guards to the
mm/vma_internal.h file, change the tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h
header guards to be the same (ie: remove TESTING_ from the existing
ones), then we can include vma_internal.h into vma_stub.c prior to
including "../../../mm/vma.c", and we don't need to copy the file.

Essentially use the #ifdef guards to replace the header by ordering the
local header for inclusion prior to the c file.


> diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/errors.txt b/tools/testing/vma/errors.txt
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..e69de29bb2d1
> diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/generated/autoconf.h b/tools/testing/vma/generated/autoconf.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..92dc474c349b
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/testing/vma/generated/autoconf.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
> +#include "bit-length.h"
> +#define CONFIG_XARRAY_MULTI 1
> diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/linux/atomic.h b/tools/testing/vma/linux/atomic.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..298b0fb7aab2
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/testing/vma/linux/atomic.h

This should have header guards as well.

> @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
> +#ifndef atomic_t
> +#define atomic_t int32_t
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef atomic_inc
> +#define atomic_inc(x) uatomic_inc(x)
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef atomic_read
> +#define atomic_read(x) uatomic_read(x)
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef atomic_set
> +#define atomic_set(x, y) do {} while (0)
> +#endif
> +
> +#ifndef U8_MAX
> +#define U8_MAX UCHAR_MAX
> +#endif
> diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/linux/mmzone.h b/tools/testing/vma/linux/mmzone.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..71546e15bdd3
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/testing/vma/linux/mmzone.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
> +#ifndef _TOOLS_MMZONE_H
> +#define _TOOLS_MMZONE_H

It might be best to use the same guards here to avoid mmzone.h from
getting pulled in.

> +
> +#include <linux/atomic.h>
> +
> +struct pglist_data *first_online_pgdat(void);
> +struct pglist_data *next_online_pgdat(struct pglist_data *pgdat);
> +
> +#define for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat)			\
> +	for (pgdat = first_online_pgdat();		\
> +	     pgdat;					\
> +	     pgdat = next_online_pgdat(pgdat))
> +
> +enum zone_type {
> +	__MAX_NR_ZONES
> +};
> +
> +#define MAX_NR_ZONES __MAX_NR_ZONES
> +#define MAX_PAGE_ORDER 10
> +#define MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES (1 << MAX_PAGE_ORDER)
> +
> +#define pageblock_order		MAX_PAGE_ORDER
> +#define pageblock_nr_pages	BIT(pageblock_order)
> +#define pageblock_align(pfn)	ALIGN((pfn), pageblock_nr_pages)
> +#define pageblock_start_pfn(pfn)	ALIGN_DOWN((pfn), pageblock_nr_pages)
> +
> +struct zone {
> +	atomic_long_t		managed_pages;
> +};
> +
> +typedef struct pglist_data {
> +	struct zone node_zones[MAX_NR_ZONES];
> +
> +} pg_data_t;
> +
> +#endif
> diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/main.c b/tools/testing/vma/main.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..b29eeb0daf31
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/testing/vma/main.c

If you employ the use of header guards, we can rename main.c to vma.c
and produce the executable "vma" instead of "main".

> @@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
> +
> +#include <assert.h>
> +#include <stdio.h>
> +#include <stdlib.h>
> +
> +#include "maple-shared.h"
> +#include "vma_internal.h"
> +#include "vma.h"

You can directly include "../../../mm/vma.h" here and remove the vma.h
file you have in this directory.

> +
> +/*
> + * This skeleton implementation doesn't necessarily clean up after itself
> + * very well, so don't check for leaks.
> + */
> +const char *__asan_default_options(void) { return "detect_leaks=0"; }
> +
> +static void test_simple_merge(void)
> +{
> +	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
> +	unsigned long flags = VM_READ | VM_WRITE | VM_MAYREAD | VM_MAYWRITE;
> +	struct mm_struct mm = {};
> +	struct vm_area_struct vma_left = {
> +		.vm_mm = &mm,
> +		.vm_start = 0,
> +		.vm_end = 0x1000,
> +		.vm_pgoff = 0,
> +		.vm_flags = flags,
> +	};
> +	struct vm_area_struct vma_middle = {
> +		.vm_mm = &mm,
> +		.vm_start = 0x1000,
> +		.vm_end = 0x2000,
> +		.vm_pgoff = 1,
> +		.vm_flags = flags,
> +	};
> +	struct vm_area_struct vma_right = {
> +		.vm_mm = &mm,
> +		.vm_start = 0x2000,
> +		.vm_end = 0x3000,
> +		.vm_pgoff = 2,
> +		.vm_flags = flags,
> +	};
> +	VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, &mm, 0x1000);
> +
> +	assert(!vma_link(&mm, &vma_left));
> +	assert(!vma_link(&mm, &vma_middle));
> +	assert(!vma_link(&mm, &vma_right));
> +
> +	vma = vma_merge_new_vma(&vmi, &vma_left, &vma_middle, 0x1000,
> +				0x2000, 1);
> +	assert(vma != NULL);
> +
> +	assert(vma->vm_start == 0);
> +	assert(vma->vm_end == 0x3000);
> +	assert(vma->vm_pgoff == 0);
> +	assert(vma->vm_flags == flags);
> +}
> +
> +static void test_simple_modify(void)
> +{
> +	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
> +	unsigned long flags = VM_READ | VM_WRITE | VM_MAYREAD | VM_MAYWRITE;
> +	struct mm_struct mm = {};
> +	struct vm_area_struct init_vma = {
> +		.vm_mm = &mm,
> +		.vm_start = 0,
> +		.vm_end = 0x3000,
> +		.vm_flags = flags,
> +	};
> +	VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, &mm, 0x1000);
> +
> +	assert(!vma_link(&mm, &init_vma));
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * The flags will not be changed, the vma_modify_flags() function
> +	 * performs the merge/split only.
> +	 */
> +	vma = vma_modify_flags(&vmi, NULL, &init_vma,
> +			       0x1000, 0x2000, VM_READ | VM_MAYREAD);
> +	assert(vma != NULL);
> +	/* We modify the provided VMA, and on split allocate new VMAs. */
> +	assert(vma == &init_vma);
> +
> +	assert(vma->vm_start == 0x1000);
> +	assert(vma->vm_end == 0x2000);
> +	assert(vma->vm_pgoff == 1);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Now walk through the three split VMAs and make sure they are as
> +	 * expected.
> +	 */
> +
> +	vma_iter_set(&vmi, 0);
> +	vma = vma_iter_load(&vmi);
> +
> +	assert(vma->vm_start == 0);
> +	assert(vma->vm_end == 0x1000);
> +	assert(vma->vm_pgoff == 0);
> +
> +	vma = vma_next(&vmi);
> +
> +	assert(vma->vm_start == 0x1000);
> +	assert(vma->vm_end == 0x2000);
> +	assert(vma->vm_pgoff == 1);
> +
> +	vma = vma_next(&vmi);
> +
> +	assert(vma->vm_start == 0x2000);
> +	assert(vma->vm_end == 0x3000);
> +	assert(vma->vm_pgoff == 2);
> +}
> +
> +static void test_simple_expand(void)
> +{
> +	unsigned long flags = VM_READ | VM_WRITE | VM_MAYREAD | VM_MAYWRITE;
> +	struct mm_struct mm = {};
> +	struct vm_area_struct vma = {
> +		.vm_mm = &mm,
> +		.vm_start = 0,
> +		.vm_end = 0x1000,
> +		.vm_flags = flags,
> +	};
> +	VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, &mm, 0);
> +
> +	assert(!vma_expand(&vmi, &vma, 0, 0x3000, 0, NULL));
> +
> +	assert(vma.vm_start == 0);
> +	assert(vma.vm_end == 0x3000);
> +	assert(vma.vm_pgoff == 0);
> +}
> +
> +static void test_simple_shrink(void)
> +{
> +	unsigned long flags = VM_READ | VM_WRITE | VM_MAYREAD | VM_MAYWRITE;
> +	struct mm_struct mm = {};
> +	struct vm_area_struct vma = {
> +		.vm_mm = &mm,
> +		.vm_start = 0,
> +		.vm_end = 0x3000,
> +		.vm_flags = flags,
> +	};
> +	VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, &mm, 0);
> +
> +	assert(!vma_shrink(&vmi, &vma, 0, 0x1000, 0));
> +
> +	assert(vma.vm_start == 0);
> +	assert(vma.vm_end == 0x1000);
> +	assert(vma.vm_pgoff == 0);
> +}
> +
> +int main(void)
> +{
> +	maple_tree_init();
> +
> +	test_simple_merge();
> +	test_simple_modify();
> +	test_simple_expand();
> +	test_simple_shrink();
> +
> +	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
> +}

It would be nice to have some output stating the number of tests
passed/failed.

> diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/vma.h b/tools/testing/vma/vma.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..87a6cb222b63
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/testing/vma/vma.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ */
> +
> +#include "../../../mm/vma.h"

I'd rather just drop this file and have this line in main.c (or vma.c if
you decide to rename it).

> diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h b/tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..8be8cbecf3b8
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/testing/vma/vma_internal.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,843 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ */
> +
> +#ifndef __TESTING_VMA_VMA_INTERNAL_H
> +#define __TESTING_VMA_VMA_INTERNAL_H
> +
> +#define __private
> +#define __bitwise
> +#define __randomize_layout
> +
> +#define CONFIG_MMU
> +#define CONFIG_PER_VMA_LOCK
> +
> +#include <stdlib.h>
> +
> +#include <linux/list.h>
> +#include <linux/maple_tree.h>
> +#include <linux/mm.h>
> +#include <linux/rbtree.h>
> +#include <linux/rwsem.h>
> +
> +#define VM_WARN_ON(_expr)
> +#define VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(_expr)
> +#define VM_BUG_ON(_expr)
> +#define VM_BUG_ON_VMA(_expr, _vma) ((void)(_expr))
> +
> +#define VM_NONE		0x00000000
> +#define VM_READ		0x00000001
> +#define VM_WRITE	0x00000002
> +#define VM_EXEC		0x00000004
> +#define VM_SHARED	0x00000008
> +#define VM_MAYREAD	0x00000010
> +#define VM_MAYWRITE	0x00000020
> +#define VM_GROWSDOWN	0x00000100
> +#define VM_PFNMAP	0x00000400
> +#define VM_LOCKED	0x00002000
> +#define VM_IO           0x00004000
> +#define VM_DONTEXPAND	0x00040000
> +#define VM_ACCOUNT	0x00100000
> +#define VM_MIXEDMAP	0x10000000
> +#define VM_STACK	VM_GROWSDOWN
> +#define VM_SHADOW_STACK	VM_NONE
> +#define VM_SOFTDIRTY	0
> +
> +#define VM_ACCESS_FLAGS (VM_READ | VM_WRITE | VM_EXEC)
> +#define VM_SPECIAL (VM_IO | VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_PFNMAP | VM_MIXEDMAP)
> +
> +#define FIRST_USER_ADDRESS	0UL
> +#define USER_PGTABLES_CEILING	0UL
> +
> +#define vma_policy(vma) NULL
> +
> +#define down_write_nest_lock(sem, nest_lock)
> +
> +#define pgprot_val(x)		((x).pgprot)
> +#define __pgprot(x)		((pgprot_t) { (x) } )
> +
> +#define for_each_vma(__vmi, __vma)					\
> +	while (((__vma) = vma_next(&(__vmi))) != NULL)
> +
> +/* The MM code likes to work with exclusive end addresses */
> +#define for_each_vma_range(__vmi, __vma, __end)				\
> +	while (((__vma) = vma_find(&(__vmi), (__end))) != NULL)
> +
> +#define offset_in_page(p)	((unsigned long)(p) & ~PAGE_MASK)
> +
> +#define PHYS_PFN(x)	((unsigned long)((x) >> PAGE_SHIFT))
> +
> +#define test_and_set_bit(nr, addr) __test_and_set_bit(nr, addr)
> +#define test_and_clear_bit(nr, addr) __test_and_clear_bit(nr, addr)
> +
> +#define TASK_SIZE ((1ul << 47)-PAGE_SIZE)
> +
> +#define AS_MM_ALL_LOCKS 2
> +
> +#define current NULL
> +
> +/* We hardcode this for now. */
> +#define sysctl_max_map_count 0x1000000UL
> +
> +#define pgoff_t unsigned long
> +typedef unsigned long	pgprotval_t;
> +typedef struct pgprot { pgprotval_t pgprot; } pgprot_t;
> +typedef unsigned long vm_flags_t;
> +typedef __bitwise unsigned int vm_fault_t;
> +
> +typedef struct refcount_struct {
> +	atomic_t refs;
> +} refcount_t;
> +
> +struct kref {
> +	refcount_t refcount;
> +};
> +
> +struct anon_vma {
> +	struct anon_vma *root;
> +	struct rb_root_cached rb_root;
> +};
> +
> +struct anon_vma_chain {
> +	struct anon_vma *anon_vma;
> +	struct list_head same_vma;
> +};
> +
> +struct anon_vma_name {
> +	struct kref kref;
> +	/* The name needs to be at the end because it is dynamically sized. */
> +	char name[];
> +};
> +
> +struct vma_iterator {
> +	struct ma_state mas;
> +};
> +
> +#define VMA_ITERATOR(name, __mm, __addr)				\
> +	struct vma_iterator name = {					\
> +		.mas = {						\
> +			.tree = &(__mm)->mm_mt,				\
> +			.index = __addr,				\
> +			.node = NULL,					\
> +			.status = ma_start,				\
> +		},							\
> +	}
> +
> +struct address_space {
> +	struct rb_root_cached	i_mmap;
> +	unsigned long		flags;
> +	atomic_t		i_mmap_writable;
> +};
> +
> +struct vm_userfaultfd_ctx {};
> +struct mempolicy {};
> +struct mmu_gather {};
> +struct mutex {};
> +#define DEFINE_MUTEX(mutexname) \
> +	struct mutex mutexname = {}
> +
> +struct mm_struct {
> +	struct maple_tree mm_mt;
> +	int map_count;			/* number of VMAs */
> +	unsigned long total_vm;	   /* Total pages mapped */
> +	unsigned long locked_vm;   /* Pages that have PG_mlocked set */
> +	unsigned long data_vm;	   /* VM_WRITE & ~VM_SHARED & ~VM_STACK */
> +	unsigned long exec_vm;	   /* VM_EXEC & ~VM_WRITE & ~VM_STACK */
> +	unsigned long stack_vm;	   /* VM_STACK */
> +};
> +
> +struct vma_lock {
> +	struct rw_semaphore lock;
> +};
> +
> +
> +struct file {
> +	struct address_space	*f_mapping;
> +};
> +
> +struct vm_area_struct {
> +	/* The first cache line has the info for VMA tree walking. */
> +
> +	union {
> +		struct {
> +			/* VMA covers [vm_start; vm_end) addresses within mm */
> +			unsigned long vm_start;
> +			unsigned long vm_end;
> +		};
> +#ifdef CONFIG_PER_VMA_LOCK
> +		struct rcu_head vm_rcu;	/* Used for deferred freeing. */
> +#endif
> +	};
> +
> +	struct mm_struct *vm_mm;	/* The address space we belong to. */
> +	pgprot_t vm_page_prot;          /* Access permissions of this VMA. */
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Flags, see mm.h.
> +	 * To modify use vm_flags_{init|reset|set|clear|mod} functions.
> +	 */
> +	union {
> +		const vm_flags_t vm_flags;
> +		vm_flags_t __private __vm_flags;
> +	};
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_PER_VMA_LOCK
> +	/* Flag to indicate areas detached from the mm->mm_mt tree */
> +	bool detached;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Can only be written (using WRITE_ONCE()) while holding both:
> +	 *  - mmap_lock (in write mode)
> +	 *  - vm_lock->lock (in write mode)
> +	 * Can be read reliably while holding one of:
> +	 *  - mmap_lock (in read or write mode)
> +	 *  - vm_lock->lock (in read or write mode)
> +	 * Can be read unreliably (using READ_ONCE()) for pessimistic bailout
> +	 * while holding nothing (except RCU to keep the VMA struct allocated).
> +	 *
> +	 * This sequence counter is explicitly allowed to overflow; sequence
> +	 * counter reuse can only lead to occasional unnecessary use of the
> +	 * slowpath.
> +	 */
> +	int vm_lock_seq;
> +	struct vma_lock *vm_lock;
> +#endif
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * For areas with an address space and backing store,
> +	 * linkage into the address_space->i_mmap interval tree.
> +	 *
> +	 */
> +	struct {
> +		struct rb_node rb;
> +		unsigned long rb_subtree_last;
> +	} shared;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * A file's MAP_PRIVATE vma can be in both i_mmap tree and anon_vma
> +	 * list, after a COW of one of the file pages.	A MAP_SHARED vma
> +	 * can only be in the i_mmap tree.  An anonymous MAP_PRIVATE, stack
> +	 * or brk vma (with NULL file) can only be in an anon_vma list.
> +	 */
> +	struct list_head anon_vma_chain; /* Serialized by mmap_lock &
> +					  * page_table_lock */
> +	struct anon_vma *anon_vma;	/* Serialized by page_table_lock */
> +
> +	/* Function pointers to deal with this struct. */
> +	const struct vm_operations_struct *vm_ops;
> +
> +	/* Information about our backing store: */
> +	unsigned long vm_pgoff;		/* Offset (within vm_file) in PAGE_SIZE
> +					   units */
> +	struct file * vm_file;		/* File we map to (can be NULL). */
> +	void * vm_private_data;		/* was vm_pte (shared mem) */
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_ANON_VMA_NAME
> +	/*
> +	 * For private and shared anonymous mappings, a pointer to a null
> +	 * terminated string containing the name given to the vma, or NULL if
> +	 * unnamed. Serialized by mmap_lock. Use anon_vma_name to access.
> +	 */
> +	struct anon_vma_name *anon_name;
> +#endif
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SWAP
> +	atomic_long_t swap_readahead_info;
> +#endif
> +#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
> +	struct vm_region *vm_region;	/* NOMMU mapping region */
> +#endif
> +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
> +	struct mempolicy *vm_policy;	/* NUMA policy for the VMA */
> +#endif
> +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
> +	struct vma_numab_state *numab_state;	/* NUMA Balancing state */
> +#endif
> +	struct vm_userfaultfd_ctx vm_userfaultfd_ctx;
> +} __randomize_layout;
> +
> +struct vm_fault {};
> +
> +struct vm_operations_struct {
> +	void (*open)(struct vm_area_struct * area);
> +	/**
> +	 * @close: Called when the VMA is being removed from the MM.
> +	 * Context: User context.  May sleep.  Caller holds mmap_lock.
> +	 */
> +	void (*close)(struct vm_area_struct * area);
> +	/* Called any time before splitting to check if it's allowed */
> +	int (*may_split)(struct vm_area_struct *area, unsigned long addr);
> +	int (*mremap)(struct vm_area_struct *area);
> +	/*
> +	 * Called by mprotect() to make driver-specific permission
> +	 * checks before mprotect() is finalised.   The VMA must not
> +	 * be modified.  Returns 0 if mprotect() can proceed.
> +	 */
> +	int (*mprotect)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
> +			unsigned long end, unsigned long newflags);
> +	vm_fault_t (*fault)(struct vm_fault *vmf);
> +	vm_fault_t (*huge_fault)(struct vm_fault *vmf, unsigned int order);
> +	vm_fault_t (*map_pages)(struct vm_fault *vmf,
> +			pgoff_t start_pgoff, pgoff_t end_pgoff);
> +	unsigned long (*pagesize)(struct vm_area_struct * area);
> +
> +	/* notification that a previously read-only page is about to become
> +	 * writable, if an error is returned it will cause a SIGBUS */
> +	vm_fault_t (*page_mkwrite)(struct vm_fault *vmf);
> +
> +	/* same as page_mkwrite when using VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP */
> +	vm_fault_t (*pfn_mkwrite)(struct vm_fault *vmf);
> +
> +	/* called by access_process_vm when get_user_pages() fails, typically
> +	 * for use by special VMAs. See also generic_access_phys() for a generic
> +	 * implementation useful for any iomem mapping.
> +	 */
> +	int (*access)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
> +		      void *buf, int len, int write);
> +
> +	/* Called by the /proc/PID/maps code to ask the vma whether it
> +	 * has a special name.  Returning non-NULL will also cause this
> +	 * vma to be dumped unconditionally. */
> +	const char *(*name)(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
> +	/*
> +	 * set_policy() op must add a reference to any non-NULL @new mempolicy
> +	 * to hold the policy upon return.  Caller should pass NULL @new to
> +	 * remove a policy and fall back to surrounding context--i.e. do not
> +	 * install a MPOL_DEFAULT policy, nor the task or system default
> +	 * mempolicy.
> +	 */
> +	int (*set_policy)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct mempolicy *new);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * get_policy() op must add reference [mpol_get()] to any policy at
> +	 * (vma,addr) marked as MPOL_SHARED.  The shared policy infrastructure
> +	 * in mm/mempolicy.c will do this automatically.
> +	 * get_policy() must NOT add a ref if the policy at (vma,addr) is not
> +	 * marked as MPOL_SHARED. vma policies are protected by the mmap_lock.
> +	 * If no [shared/vma] mempolicy exists at the addr, get_policy() op
> +	 * must return NULL--i.e., do not "fallback" to task or system default
> +	 * policy.
> +	 */
> +	struct mempolicy *(*get_policy)(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> +					unsigned long addr, pgoff_t *ilx);
> +#endif
> +	/*
> +	 * Called by vm_normal_page() for special PTEs to find the
> +	 * page for @addr.  This is useful if the default behavior
> +	 * (using pte_page()) would not find the correct page.
> +	 */
> +	struct page *(*find_special_page)(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> +					  unsigned long addr);
> +};
> +
> +static inline void vma_iter_invalidate(struct vma_iterator *vmi)
> +{
> +	mas_pause(&vmi->mas);
> +}
> +
> +static inline pgprot_t pgprot_modify(pgprot_t oldprot, pgprot_t newprot)
> +{
> +	return __pgprot(pgprot_val(oldprot) | pgprot_val(newprot));
> +}
> +
> +static inline pgprot_t vm_get_page_prot(unsigned long vm_flags)
> +{
> +	return __pgprot(vm_flags);
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool is_shared_maywrite(vm_flags_t vm_flags)
> +{
> +	return (vm_flags & (VM_SHARED | VM_MAYWRITE)) ==
> +		(VM_SHARED | VM_MAYWRITE);
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool vma_is_shared_maywrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
> +{
> +	return is_shared_maywrite(vma->vm_flags);
> +}
> +
> +static inline struct vm_area_struct *vma_next(struct vma_iterator *vmi)
> +{
> +	/*
> +	 * Uses mas_find() to get the first VMA when the iterator starts.
> +	 * Calling mas_next() could skip the first entry.
> +	 */
> +	return mas_find(&vmi->mas, ULONG_MAX);
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool vma_lock_alloc(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
> +{
> +	vma->vm_lock = calloc(1, sizeof(struct vma_lock));
> +
> +	if (!vma->vm_lock)
> +		return false;
> +
> +	init_rwsem(&vma->vm_lock->lock);
> +	vma->vm_lock_seq = -1;
> +
> +	return true;
> +}
> +
> +static inline struct vm_area_struct *vm_area_dup(struct vm_area_struct *orig)
> +{
> +	struct vm_area_struct *new = calloc(1, sizeof(struct vm_area_struct));
> +
> +	if (!new)
> +		return NULL;
> +
> +	memcpy(new, orig, sizeof(*new));
> +	if (!vma_lock_alloc(new)) {
> +		free(new);
> +		return NULL;
> +	}
> +	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new->anon_vma_chain);
> +
> +	return new;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * These are defined in vma.h, but sadly vm_stat_account() is referenced by
> + * kernel/fork.c, so we have to these broadly available there, and temporarily
> + * define them here to resolve the dependency cycle.
> + */
> +
> +#define is_exec_mapping(flags) \
> +	((flags & (VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE | VM_STACK)) == VM_EXEC)
> +
> +#define is_stack_mapping(flags) \
> +	(((flags & VM_STACK) == VM_STACK) || (flags & VM_SHADOW_STACK))
> +
> +#define is_data_mapping(flags) \
> +	((flags & (VM_WRITE | VM_SHARED | VM_STACK)) == VM_WRITE)
> +
> +static inline void vm_stat_account(struct mm_struct *mm, vm_flags_t flags,
> +				   long npages)
> +{
> +	WRITE_ONCE(mm->total_vm, READ_ONCE(mm->total_vm)+npages);
> +
> +	if (is_exec_mapping(flags))
> +		mm->exec_vm += npages;
> +	else if (is_stack_mapping(flags))
> +		mm->stack_vm += npages;
> +	else if (is_data_mapping(flags))
> +		mm->data_vm += npages;
> +}
> +
> +#undef is_exec_mapping
> +#undef is_stack_mapping
> +#undef is_data_mapping
> +
> +/* Currently stubbed but we may later wish to un-stub. */
> +static inline void vm_acct_memory(long pages);
> +static inline void vm_unacct_memory(long pages)
> +{
> +	vm_acct_memory(-pages);
> +}
> +
> +static inline void mapping_allow_writable(struct address_space *mapping)
> +{
> +	atomic_inc(&mapping->i_mmap_writable);
> +}
> +
> +static inline void vma_set_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> +				 unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
> +				 pgoff_t pgoff)
> +{
> +	vma->vm_start = start;
> +	vma->vm_end = end;
> +	vma->vm_pgoff = pgoff;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void vma_assert_write_locked(struct vm_area_struct *);
> +static inline void vma_mark_detached(struct vm_area_struct *vma, bool detached)
> +{
> +	/* When detaching vma should be write-locked */
> +	if (detached)
> +		vma_assert_write_locked(vma);
> +	vma->detached = detached;
> +}
> +
> +static inline
> +struct vm_area_struct *vma_find(struct vma_iterator *vmi, unsigned long max)
> +{
> +	return mas_find(&vmi->mas, max - 1);
> +}
> +
> +static inline
> +struct vm_area_struct *vma_iter_prev_range(struct vma_iterator *vmi)
> +{
> +	return mas_prev_range(&vmi->mas, 0);
> +}
> +
> +static inline int vma_iter_clear_gfp(struct vma_iterator *vmi,
> +			unsigned long start, unsigned long end, gfp_t gfp)
> +{
> +	__mas_set_range(&vmi->mas, start, end - 1);
> +	mas_store_gfp(&vmi->mas, NULL, gfp);
> +	if (unlikely(mas_is_err(&vmi->mas)))
> +		return -ENOMEM;
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void mmap_assert_locked(struct mm_struct *);
> +static inline struct vm_area_struct *find_vma_intersection(struct mm_struct *mm,
> +						unsigned long start_addr,
> +						unsigned long end_addr)
> +{
> +	unsigned long index = start_addr;
> +
> +	mmap_assert_locked(mm);
> +	return mt_find(&mm->mm_mt, &index, end_addr - 1);
> +}
> +
> +static inline
> +struct vm_area_struct *vma_lookup(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
> +{
> +	return mtree_load(&mm->mm_mt, addr);
> +}
> +
> +static inline struct vm_area_struct *vma_prev(struct vma_iterator *vmi)
> +{
> +	return mas_prev(&vmi->mas, 0);
> +}
> +
> +static inline void vma_iter_set(struct vma_iterator *vmi, unsigned long addr)
> +{
> +	mas_set(&vmi->mas, addr);
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool vma_is_anonymous(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
> +{
> +	return !vma->vm_ops;
> +}
> +
> +/* Defined in vma.h, so temporarily define here to avoid circular dependency. */
> +#define vma_iter_load(vmi) \
> +	mas_walk(&(vmi)->mas)
> +
> +static inline struct vm_area_struct *
> +find_vma_prev(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
> +			struct vm_area_struct **pprev)
> +{
> +	struct vm_area_struct *vma;
> +	VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, mm, addr);
> +
> +	vma = vma_iter_load(&vmi);
> +	*pprev = vma_prev(&vmi);
> +	if (!vma)
> +		vma = vma_next(&vmi);
> +	return vma;
> +}
> +
> +#undef vma_iter_load
> +
> +static inline void vma_iter_init(struct vma_iterator *vmi,
> +		struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
> +{
> +	mas_init(&vmi->mas, &mm->mm_mt, addr);
> +}
> +
> +/* Stubbed functions. */
> +
> +static inline struct anon_vma_name *anon_vma_name(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
> +{
> +	return NULL;
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool is_mergeable_vm_userfaultfd_ctx(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> +					struct vm_userfaultfd_ctx vm_ctx)
> +{
> +	return true;
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool anon_vma_name_eq(struct anon_vma_name *anon_name1,
> +				    struct anon_vma_name *anon_name2)
> +{
> +	return true;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void might_sleep(void)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline unsigned long vma_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
> +{
> +	return (vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void fput(struct file *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void mpol_put(struct mempolicy *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void __vm_area_free(struct vm_area_struct *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void vm_area_free(struct vm_area_struct *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void lru_add_drain(void)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void tlb_gather_mmu(struct mmu_gather *, struct mm_struct *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void update_hiwater_rss(struct mm_struct *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void update_hiwater_vm(struct mm_struct *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void unmap_vmas(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct ma_state *mas,
> +		      struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start_addr,
> +		      unsigned long end_addr, unsigned long tree_end,
> +		      bool mm_wr_locked)
> +{
> +	(void)tlb;
> +	(void)mas;
> +	(void)vma;
> +	(void)start_addr;
> +	(void)end_addr;
> +	(void)tree_end;
> +	(void)mm_wr_locked;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void free_pgtables(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct ma_state *mas,
> +		   struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long floor,
> +		   unsigned long ceiling, bool mm_wr_locked)
> +{
> +	(void)tlb;
> +	(void)mas;
> +	(void)vma;
> +	(void)floor;
> +	(void)ceiling;
> +	(void)mm_wr_locked;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void mapping_unmap_writable(struct address_space *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void flush_dcache_mmap_lock(struct address_space *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void tlb_finish_mmu(struct mmu_gather *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void get_file(struct file *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline int vma_dup_policy(struct vm_area_struct *, struct vm_area_struct *)
> +{
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static inline int anon_vma_clone(struct vm_area_struct *, struct vm_area_struct *)
> +{
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void vma_start_write(struct vm_area_struct *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void vma_adjust_trans_huge(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> +					 unsigned long start,
> +					 unsigned long end,
> +					 long adjust_next)
> +{
> +	(void)vma;
> +	(void)start;
> +	(void)end;
> +	(void)adjust_next;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void vma_iter_free(struct vma_iterator *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void vm_acct_memory(long pages)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void vma_interval_tree_insert(struct vm_area_struct *,
> +					    struct rb_root_cached *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void vma_interval_tree_remove(struct vm_area_struct *,
> +					    struct rb_root_cached *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void flush_dcache_mmap_unlock(struct address_space *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void anon_vma_interval_tree_insert(struct anon_vma_chain*,
> +						 struct rb_root_cached *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void anon_vma_interval_tree_remove(struct anon_vma_chain*,
> +						 struct rb_root_cached *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void uprobe_mmap(struct vm_area_struct *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void uprobe_munmap(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> +				 unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
> +{
> +	(void)vma;
> +	(void)start;
> +	(void)end;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void i_mmap_lock_write(struct address_space *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void anon_vma_lock_write(struct anon_vma *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void vma_assert_write_locked(struct vm_area_struct *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void unlink_anon_vmas(struct vm_area_struct *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void anon_vma_unlock_write(struct anon_vma *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void i_mmap_unlock_write(struct address_space *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void anon_vma_merge(struct vm_area_struct *,
> +				  struct vm_area_struct *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline int userfaultfd_unmap_prep(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> +					 unsigned long start,
> +					 unsigned long end,
> +					 struct list_head *unmaps)
> +{
> +	(void)vma;
> +	(void)start;
> +	(void)end;
> +	(void)unmaps;
> +
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void mmap_write_downgrade(struct mm_struct *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void mmap_read_unlock(struct mm_struct *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void mmap_write_unlock(struct mm_struct *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool can_modify_mm(struct mm_struct *mm,
> +				 unsigned long start,
> +				 unsigned long end)
> +{
> +	(void)mm;
> +	(void)start;
> +	(void)end;
> +
> +	return true;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void arch_unmap(struct mm_struct *mm,
> +				 unsigned long start,
> +				 unsigned long end)
> +{
> +	(void)mm;
> +	(void)start;
> +	(void)end;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void mmap_assert_locked(struct mm_struct *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool mpol_equal(struct mempolicy *, struct mempolicy *)
> +{
> +	return true;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void khugepaged_enter_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> +			  unsigned long vm_flags)
> +{
> +	(void)vma;
> +	(void)vm_flags;
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool mapping_can_writeback(struct address_space *)
> +{
> +	return true;
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool is_vm_hugetlb_page(struct vm_area_struct *)
> +{
> +	return false;
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool vma_soft_dirty_enabled(struct vm_area_struct *)
> +{
> +	return false;
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool userfaultfd_wp(struct vm_area_struct *)
> +{
> +	return false;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void mmap_assert_write_locked(struct mm_struct *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void mutex_lock(struct mutex *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline void mutex_unlock(struct mutex *)
> +{
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool mutex_is_locked(struct mutex *)
> +{
> +	return true;
> +}
> +
> +static inline bool signal_pending(void *)
> +{
> +	return false;
> +}
> +
> +#endif /* __TESTING_VMA_VMA_INTERNAL_H */
> diff --git a/tools/testing/vma/vma_stub.c b/tools/testing/vma/vma_stub.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..d081122ce951
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/testing/vma/vma_stub.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
> +
> +#include "maple-shared.h"
> +
> +/* Imported from mm/vma.c by the Makefile. */
> +#include "vma.c"
> -- 
> 2.45.1
> 

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