linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH v7 3/3] x86/bugs: Use code segment selector for VERW operand

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Message-ID: <5703f2d8-7ca0-4f01-a954-c0eb1de930b4@citrix.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Sep 2024 00:29:00 +0100
From: Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@...rix.com>
To: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@...ux.intel.com>,
 Borislav Petkov <bp@...en8.de>, Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, x86@...nel.org,
 Robert Gill <rtgill82@...il.com>, Jari Ruusu <jariruusu@...tonmail.com>,
 Brian Gerst <brgerst@...il.com>,
 "Linux regression tracking (Thorsten Leemhuis)" <regressions@...mhuis.info>,
 antonio.gomez.iglesias@...ux.intel.com, daniel.sneddon@...ux.intel.com,
 stable@...r.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v7 3/3] x86/bugs: Use code segment selector for VERW
 operand

On 25/09/2024 11:25 pm, Pawan Gupta wrote:
> Robert Gill reported below #GP in 32-bit mode when dosemu software was
> executing vm86() system call:
>
>   general protection fault: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
>   CPU: 4 PID: 4610 Comm: dosemu.bin Not tainted 6.6.21-gentoo-x86 #1
>   Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge 1950/0H723K, BIOS 2.7.0 10/30/2010
>   EIP: restore_all_switch_stack+0xbe/0xcf
>   EAX: 00000000 EBX: 00000000 ECX: 00000000 EDX: 00000000
>   ESI: 00000000 EDI: 00000000 EBP: 00000000 ESP: ff8affdc
>   DS: 0000 ES: 0000 FS: 0000 GS: 0033 SS: 0068 EFLAGS: 00010046
>   CR0: 80050033 CR2: 00c2101c CR3: 04b6d000 CR4: 000406d0
>   Call Trace:
>    show_regs+0x70/0x78
>    die_addr+0x29/0x70
>    exc_general_protection+0x13c/0x348
>    exc_bounds+0x98/0x98
>    handle_exception+0x14d/0x14d
>    exc_bounds+0x98/0x98
>    restore_all_switch_stack+0xbe/0xcf
>    exc_bounds+0x98/0x98
>    restore_all_switch_stack+0xbe/0xcf
>
> This only happens in 32-bit mode when VERW based mitigations like MDS/RFDS
> are enabled. This is because segment registers with an arbitrary user value
> can result in #GP when executing VERW. Intel SDM vol. 2C documents the
> following behavior for VERW instruction:
>
>   #GP(0) - If a memory operand effective address is outside the CS, DS, ES,
> 	   FS, or GS segment limit.
>
> CLEAR_CPU_BUFFERS macro executes VERW instruction before returning to user
> space. Use %cs selector to reference VERW operand. This ensures VERW will
> not #GP for an arbitrary user %ds.
>
> Fixes: a0e2dab44d22 ("x86/entry_32: Add VERW just before userspace transition")
> Cc: stable@...r.kernel.org # 5.10+
> Reported-by: Robert Gill <rtgill82@...il.com>
> Closes: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=218707
> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/8c77ccfd-d561-45a1-8ed5-6b75212c7a58@leemhuis.info/
> Suggested-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@...ux.intel.com>
> Suggested-by: Brian Gerst <brgerst@...il.com>
> Signed-off-by: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@...ux.intel.com>
> ---
>  arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h | 6 ++++--
>  1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
> index ff5f1ecc7d1e..e18a6aaf414c 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h
> @@ -318,12 +318,14 @@
>  /*
>   * Macro to execute VERW instruction that mitigate transient data sampling
>   * attacks such as MDS. On affected systems a microcode update overloaded VERW
> - * instruction to also clear the CPU buffers. VERW clobbers CFLAGS.ZF.
> + * instruction to also clear the CPU buffers. VERW clobbers CFLAGS.ZF. Using %cs
> + * to reference VERW operand avoids a #GP fault for an arbitrary user %ds in
> + * 32-bit mode.
>   *
>   * Note: Only the memory operand variant of VERW clears the CPU buffers.
>   */
>  .macro CLEAR_CPU_BUFFERS
> -	ALTERNATIVE "", __stringify(verw _ASM_RIP(mds_verw_sel)), X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF
> +	ALTERNATIVE "", __stringify(verw %cs:_ASM_RIP(mds_verw_sel)), X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF
>  .endm

People ought rightly to double-take at this using %cs and not %ss. 
There is a good reason, but it needs describing explicitly.  May I
suggest the following:

*...
* In 32bit mode, the memory operand must be a %cs reference.  The data
segments may not be usable (vm86 mode), and the stack segment may not be
flat (espfix32).
*...

 .macro CLEAR_CPU_BUFFERS
#ifdef __x86_64__
    ALTERNATIVE "", "verw mds_verw_sel(%rip)", X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF
#else
    ALTERNATIVE "", "verw %cs:mds_verw_sel", X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF
#endif
 .endm

This also lets you drop _ASM_RIP().  It's a cute idea, but is more
confusion than it's worth, because there's no such thing in 32bit mode.

"%cs:_ASM_RIP(mds_verw_sel)" reads as if it does nothing, because it
really doesn't in 64bit mode.

~Andrew