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Message-ID: <Zvc7UQ3hsqF4dxtJ@boqun-archlinux>
Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2024 16:10:09 -0700
From: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@...il.com>
To: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@...icios.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org,
Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@...utronix.de>,
"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...nel.org>, Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>,
Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
Alan Stern <stern@...land.harvard.edu>, John Stultz <jstultz@...gle.com>,
Neeraj Upadhyay <Neeraj.Upadhyay@....com>,
Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@...nel.org>,
Joel Fernandes <joel@...lfernandes.org>,
Josh Triplett <josh@...htriplett.org>,
Uladzislau Rezki <urezki@...il.com>,
Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@...il.com>,
Zqiang <qiang.zhang1211@...il.com>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
Waiman Long <longman@...hat.com>, Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>, Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>,
maged.michael@...il.com, Mateusz Guzik <mjguzik@...il.com>,
rcu@...r.kernel.org, linux-mm@...ck.org, lkmm@...ts.linux.dev,
Gary Guo <gary@...yguo.net>
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH] compiler.h: Introduce ptr_eq() to preserve address
dependency
[Cc Gary]
On Fri, Sep 27, 2024 at 04:33:34PM -0400, Mathieu Desnoyers wrote:
> Compiler CSE and SSA GVN optimizations can cause the address dependency
> of addresses returned by rcu_dereference to be lost when comparing those
> pointers with either constants or previously loaded pointers.
>
> Introduce ptr_eq() to compare two addresses while preserving the address
> dependencies for later use of the address. It should be used when
> comparing an address returned by rcu_dereference().
>
> This is needed to prevent the compiler CSE and SSA GVN optimizations
> from replacing the registers holding @a or @b based on their
> equality, which does not preserve address dependencies and allows the
> following misordering speculations:
>
> - If @b is a constant, the compiler can issue the loads which depend
> on @a before loading @a.
> - If @b is a register populated by a prior load, weakly-ordered
> CPUs can speculate loads which depend on @a before loading @a.
>
> The same logic applies with @a and @b swapped.
>
> The compiler barrier() is ineffective at fixing this issue.
> It does not prevent the compiler CSE from losing the address dependency:
>
> int fct_2_volatile_barriers(void)
> {
> int *a, *b;
>
> do {
> a = READ_ONCE(p);
> asm volatile ("" : : : "memory");
> b = READ_ONCE(p);
> } while (a != b);
> asm volatile ("" : : : "memory"); <----- barrier()
> return *b;
> }
>
> With gcc 14.2 (arm64):
>
> fct_2_volatile_barriers:
> adrp x0, .LANCHOR0
> add x0, x0, :lo12:.LANCHOR0
> .L2:
> ldr x1, [x0] <------ x1 populated by first load.
> ldr x2, [x0]
> cmp x1, x2
> bne .L2
> ldr w0, [x1] <------ x1 is used for access which should depend on b.
> ret
>
> On weakly-ordered architectures, this lets CPU speculation use the
> result from the first load to speculate "ldr w0, [x1]" before
> "ldr x2, [x0]".
> Based on the RCU documentation, the control dependency does not prevent
> the CPU from speculating loads.
>
> Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>
> Suggested-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@...il.com>
> Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@...icios.com>
> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>
> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@...utronix.de>
> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...nel.org>
> Cc: Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>
> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
> Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@...il.com>
> Cc: Alan Stern <stern@...land.harvard.edu>
> Cc: John Stultz <jstultz@...gle.com>
> Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <Neeraj.Upadhyay@....com>
> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>
> Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@...il.com>
> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@...nel.org>
> Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@...lfernandes.org>
> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@...htriplett.org>
> Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <urezki@...il.com>
> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>
> Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@...il.com>
> Cc: Zqiang <qiang.zhang1211@...il.com>
> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>
> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@...hat.com>
> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>
> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>
> Cc: maged.michael@...il.com
> Cc: Mateusz Guzik <mjguzik@...il.com>
> Cc: rcu@...r.kernel.org
> Cc: linux-mm@...ck.org
> Cc: lkmm@...ts.linux.dev
> ---
> include/linux/compiler.h | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> 1 file changed, 62 insertions(+)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/compiler.h b/include/linux/compiler.h
> index 2df665fa2964..f26705c267e8 100644
> --- a/include/linux/compiler.h
> +++ b/include/linux/compiler.h
> @@ -186,6 +186,68 @@ void ftrace_likely_update(struct ftrace_likely_data *f, int val,
> __asm__ ("" : "=r" (var) : "0" (var))
> #endif
>
> +/*
> + * Compare two addresses while preserving the address dependencies for
> + * later use of the address. It should be used when comparing an address
> + * returned by rcu_dereference().
> + *
> + * This is needed to prevent the compiler CSE and SSA GVN optimizations
> + * from replacing the registers holding @a or @b based on their
> + * equality, which does not preserve address dependencies and allows the
> + * following misordering speculations:
> + *
> + * - If @b is a constant, the compiler can issue the loads which depend
> + * on @a before loading @a.
> + * - If @b is a register populated by a prior load, weakly-ordered
> + * CPUs can speculate loads which depend on @a before loading @a.
> + *
> + * The same logic applies with @a and @b swapped.
> + *
> + * Return value: true if pointers are equal, false otherwise.
> + *
> + * The compiler barrier() is ineffective at fixing this issue. It does
> + * not prevent the compiler CSE from losing the address dependency:
> + *
> + * int fct_2_volatile_barriers(void)
> + * {
> + * int *a, *b;
> + *
> + * do {
> + * a = READ_ONCE(p);
> + * asm volatile ("" : : : "memory");
> + * b = READ_ONCE(p);
> + * } while (a != b);
> + * asm volatile ("" : : : "memory"); <-- barrier()
> + * return *b;
> + * }
> + *
> + * With gcc 14.2 (arm64):
> + *
> + * fct_2_volatile_barriers:
> + * adrp x0, .LANCHOR0
> + * add x0, x0, :lo12:.LANCHOR0
> + * .L2:
> + * ldr x1, [x0] <-- x1 populated by first load.
> + * ldr x2, [x0]
> + * cmp x1, x2
> + * bne .L2
> + * ldr w0, [x1] <-- x1 is used for access which should depend on b.
> + * ret
> + *
> + * On weakly-ordered architectures, this lets CPU speculation use the
> + * result from the first load to speculate "ldr w0, [x1]" before
> + * "ldr x2, [x0]".
> + * Based on the RCU documentation, the control dependency does not
> + * prevent the CPU from speculating loads.
> + */
> +static __always_inline
> +int ptr_eq(const volatile void *a, const volatile void *b)
> +{
> + OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(a);
> + OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(b);
> + return a == b;
> +}
> +
This is better than what I proposed, thank you!
Reviewed-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@...il.com>
Could you also make some documentation changes at the "Be very careful
about comparing pointers obtained from..." paragraph in
Documentation/RCU/rcu_dereference.rst? Since 'ptr_eq' is a good tool in
those cases mentioned there. Thanks.
Regards,
Boqun
> #define __UNIQUE_ID(prefix) __PASTE(__PASTE(__UNIQUE_ID_, prefix), __COUNTER__)
>
> /**
> --
> 2.39.2
>
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