linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH 1/2] compiler.h: Introduce ptr

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Message-ID: <2b1caba3-48fa-43b9-bd44-cf60b9a141d7@rowland.harvard.edu>
Date: Tue, 1 Oct 2024 18:57:13 -0400
From: 'Alan Stern' <stern@...land.harvard.edu>
To: David Laight <David.Laight@...lab.com>
Cc: Jonas Oberhauser <jonas.oberhauser@...weicloud.com>,
	Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@...icios.com>,
	Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
	"linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>,
	Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@...utronix.de>,
	"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@...nel.org>,
	Will Deacon <will@...nel.org>,
	Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>,
	Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@...il.com>, John Stultz <jstultz@...gle.com>,
	Neeraj Upadhyay <Neeraj.Upadhyay@....com>,
	Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@...nel.org>,
	Joel Fernandes <joel@...lfernandes.org>,
	Josh Triplett <josh@...htriplett.org>,
	Uladzislau Rezki <urezki@...il.com>,
	Steven Rostedt <rostedt@...dmis.org>,
	Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@...il.com>,
	Zqiang <qiang.zhang1211@...il.com>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>,
	Waiman Long <longman@...hat.com>,
	Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>,
	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>,
	Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@...e.cz>,
	"maged.michael@...il.com" <maged.michael@...il.com>,
	Mateusz Guzik <mjguzik@...il.com>, Gary Guo <gary@...yguo.net>,
	"rcu@...r.kernel.org" <rcu@...r.kernel.org>,
	"linux-mm@...ck.org" <linux-mm@...ck.org>,
	"lkmm@...ts.linux.dev" <lkmm@...ts.linux.dev>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 1/2] compiler.h: Introduce ptr_eq() to preserve address
 dependency

On Tue, Oct 01, 2024 at 05:11:05PM +0000, David Laight wrote:
> From: Alan Stern
> > Sent: 30 September 2024 19:53
> > 
> > On Mon, Sep 30, 2024 at 07:05:06PM +0200, Jonas Oberhauser wrote:
> > >
> > >
> > > Am 9/30/2024 um 6:43 PM schrieb Alan Stern:
> > > > On Mon, Sep 30, 2024 at 01:26:53PM +0200, Jonas Oberhauser wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > Am 9/28/2024 um 4:49 PM schrieb Alan Stern:
> > > > >
> > > > > I should also point out that it is not enough to prevent the compiler from
> > > > > using @a instead of @b.
> > > > >
> > > > > It must also be prevented from assigning @b=@a, which it is often allowed to
> > > > > do after finding @a==@b.
> > > >
> > > > Wouldn't that be a bug?
> > >
> > > That's why I said that it is often allowed to do it. In your case it
> > > wouldn't, but it is often possible when a and b are non-atomic &
> > > non-volatile (and haven't escaped, and I believe sometimes even then).
> > >
> > > It happens for example here with GCC 14.1.0 -O3:
> > >
> > > int fct_hide(void)
> > > {
> > >     int *a, *b;
> > >
> > >     do {
> > >         a = READ_ONCE(p);
> > >         asm volatile ("" : : : "memory");
> > >         b = READ_ONCE(p);
> > >     } while (a != b);
> > >     OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR(b);
> > >     return *b;
> > > }
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >         ldr     r1, [r2]
> > >         ldr     r3, [r2]
> > >         cmp     r1, r3
> > >         bne     .L6
> > >         mov     r3, r1   // nay...
> > 
> > A totally unnecessary instruction, which accomplishes nothing other than
> > to waste time, space, and energy.  But nonetheless, allowed -- I agree.
> > 
> > The people in charge of GCC's optimizer might like to hear about this,
> > if they're not already aware of it...
> > 
> > >         ldr     r0, [r3] // yay!
> > >         bx      lr
> > 
> > One could argue that in this example the compiler _has_ used *a instead
> > of *b.  However, such an argument would have more force if we had
> > described what we are talking about more precisely.
> 
> The 'mov r3, r1' has nothing to do with 'a'.

What do you mean by that?  At this point in the program, a is the 
variable whose value is stored in r1 and b is the variable whose value 
is stored in r3.  "mov r3, r1" copies the value from r1 into r3 and is 
therefore equivalent to executing "b = a".  (That is why I said one 
could argue that the "return *b" statement uses the value of *a.)  Thus 
it very much does have something to do with "a".

> It is a more general problem that OPTIMISER_HIDE_VAR() pretty much
> always ends up allocating a different internal 'register' for the
> output and then allocating a separate physical rehgister.

What output are you referring to?  Does OPTIMISER_HIDE_VAR() have an 
output?  If it does, the source program above ignores it, discarding any 
returned value.

> There doesn't seem to be a later optimisation path to remove
> 'pointless' register moves.

That would be a good thing to add, then.

Alan