linux-kernel - Re: [PATCH 1/5] clk: renesas: rzv2h: Fix use-after-free in MSTOP refcount handling

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Message-ID: <CAMuHMdUDABcDXRemYLAXEh3cEMQqUrmhdeBCJm4mXhnHGrALKQ@mail.gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Dec 2024 09:41:52 +0100
From: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@...ux-m68k.org>
To: "Lad, Prabhakar" <prabhakar.csengg@...il.com>
Cc: Michael Turquette <mturquette@...libre.com>, Stephen Boyd <sboyd@...nel.org>, 
	linux-renesas-soc@...r.kernel.org, linux-clk@...r.kernel.org, 
	linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org, Biju Das <biju.das.jz@...renesas.com>, 
	Fabrizio Castro <fabrizio.castro.jz@...esas.com>, 
	Lad Prabhakar <prabhakar.mahadev-lad.rj@...renesas.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 1/5] clk: renesas: rzv2h: Fix use-after-free in MSTOP
 refcount handling

Hi Prabhakar,

On Fri, Dec 20, 2024 at 9:24 AM Lad, Prabhakar
<prabhakar.csengg@...il.com> wrote:
> On Thu, Dec 19, 2024 at 4:20 PM Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@...ux-m68k.org> wrote:
> > On Wed, Dec 18, 2024 at 3:20 PM Prabhakar <prabhakar.csengg@...il.com> wrote:
> > > From: Lad Prabhakar <prabhakar.mahadev-lad.rj@...renesas.com>
> > >
> > > Avoid triggering a `refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free.` warning
> > > when registering a module clock with the same MSTOP configuration. The
> > > issue arises when a module clock is registered but not enabled, resulting
> > > in a `ref_cnt` of 0. Subsequent calls to `refcount_inc()` on such clocks
> > > cause the kernel to warn about use-after-free.
> > >
> > > [    0.113529] ------------[ cut here ]------------
> > > [    0.113537] refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free.
> > > [    0.113576] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 1 at lib/refcount.c:25 refcount_warn_saturate+0x120/0x144
> >
> > [...]
> >
> > > Resolve this by checking the `ref_cnt` value before calling
> > > `refcount_inc()`. If `ref_cnt` is 0, reset it to 1 using `refcount_set()`.
> >
> > Thanks for your patch!
> >
> > > Fixes: 7bd4cb3d6b7c ("clk: renesas: rzv2h: Relocate MSTOP-related macros to the family driver")
> >
> > The description (from your [PATCH 2/5]?) does not match the commit.
> >
> Ouch!
>
> > Fixes: 7bd4cb3d6b7c43f0 ("clk: renesas: rzv2h: Add MSTOP support")
> >
> > > Signed-off-by: Lad Prabhakar <prabhakar.mahadev-lad.rj@...renesas.com>
> >
> > > --- a/drivers/clk/renesas/rzv2h-cpg.c
> > > +++ b/drivers/clk/renesas/rzv2h-cpg.c
> > > @@ -565,8 +565,12 @@ static struct rzv2h_mstop
> > >                         continue;
> > >
> > >                 if (BUS_MSTOP(clk->mstop->idx, clk->mstop->mask) == mstop_data) {
> > > -                       if (rzv2h_mod_clock_is_enabled(&clock->hw))
> > > -                               refcount_inc(&clk->mstop->ref_cnt);
> > > +                       if (rzv2h_mod_clock_is_enabled(&clock->hw)) {
> > > +                               if (refcount_read(&clk->mstop->ref_cnt))
> > > +                                       refcount_inc(&clk->mstop->ref_cnt);
> > > +                               else
> > > +                                       refcount_set(&clk->mstop->ref_cnt, 1);
> > > +                       }

Or simply

    do refcount_set(&clk->mstop->ref_cnt,
                    refcount_read(&clk->mstop->ref_cnt) +1);

?

Still, you risk some janitor replacing that by refcount_inc() regardless...

> > >                         return clk->mstop;
> > >                 }
> > >         }
> >
> > This makes me wonder if refcount is the right abstraction?
> >
> You mean as discussed on irc, refcount per mstop bit instead of groups
> is not OK too? Do you have any other better approach in mind?

I mean if you need such silly workarounds to do a simple increment, is
refcount_t the right abstraction, instead of a plain atomic_t?

Gr{oetje,eeting}s,

                        Geert

-- 
Geert Uytterhoeven -- There's lots of Linux beyond ia32 -- geert@...ux-m68k.org

In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But
when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that.
                                -- Linus Torvalds