linux-kernel - [PATCH -next v2] uprobes: fix two zero old_folio bugs in __replace

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Message-ID: <20250221015056.1269344-1-tongtiangen@huawei.com>
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2025 09:50:56 +0800
From: Tong Tiangen <tongtiangen@...wei.com>
To: David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com>, Oleg Nesterov <oleg@...hat.com>,
	Andrew Morton <akpm@...ux-foundation.org>, Peter Zijlstra
	<peterz@...radead.org>, Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>, Arnaldo Carvalho de
 Melo <acme@...nel.org>, Namhyung Kim <namhyung@...nel.org>, Mark Rutland
	<mark.rutland@....com>, Alexander Shishkin
	<alexander.shishkin@...ux.intel.com>, Jiri Olsa <jolsa@...nel.org>, Peter Xu
	<peterx@...hat.com>, Ian Rogers <irogers@...gle.com>, Adrian Hunter
	<adrian.hunter@...el.com>, "Liang, Kan" <kan.liang@...ux.intel.com>, Masami
 Hiramatsu <mhiramat@...nel.org>
CC: <linux-perf-users@...r.kernel.org>, <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	<linux-mm@...ck.org>, <linux-trace-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
	<bpf@...r.kernel.org>, Tong Tiangen <tongtiangen@...wei.com>,
	<wangkefeng.wang@...wei.com>, Guohanjun <guohanjun@...wei.com>
Subject: [PATCH -next v2] uprobes: fix two zero old_folio bugs in __replace_page()

We triggered the following error logs in syzkaller test:

  BUG: Bad page state in process syz.7.38  pfn:1eff3
  page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x1eff3
  flags: 0x3fffff00004004(referenced|reserved|node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)
  raw: 003fffff00004004 ffffe6c6c07bfcc8 ffffe6c6c07bfcc8 0000000000000000
  raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000fffffffe 0000000000000000
  page dumped because: PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE flag(s) set
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.13.0-1ubuntu1.1 04/01/2014
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   dump_stack_lvl+0x32/0x50
   bad_page+0x69/0xf0
   free_unref_page_prepare+0x401/0x500
   free_unref_page+0x6d/0x1b0
   uprobe_write_opcode+0x460/0x8e0
   install_breakpoint.part.0+0x51/0x80
   register_for_each_vma+0x1d9/0x2b0
   __uprobe_register+0x245/0x300
   bpf_uprobe_multi_link_attach+0x29b/0x4f0
   link_create+0x1e2/0x280
   __sys_bpf+0x75f/0xac0
   __x64_sys_bpf+0x1a/0x30
   do_syscall_64+0x56/0x100
   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0xe2

   BUG: Bad rss-counter state mm:00000000452453e0 type:MM_FILEPAGES val:-1

The following syzkaller test case can be used to reproduce:

  r2 = creat(&(0x7f0000000000)='./file0\x00', 0x8)
  write$nbd(r2, &(0x7f0000000580)=ANY=[], 0x10)
  r4 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000040)='./file0\x00', 0x42, 0x0)
  mmap$IORING_OFF_SQ_RING(&(0x7f0000ffd000/0x3000)=nil, 0x3000, 0x0, 0x12, r4, 0x0)
  r5 = userfaultfd(0x80801)
  ioctl$UFFDIO_API(r5, 0xc018aa3f, &(0x7f0000000040)={0xaa, 0x20})
  r6 = userfaultfd(0x80801)
  ioctl$UFFDIO_API(r6, 0xc018aa3f, &(0x7f0000000140))
  ioctl$UFFDIO_REGISTER(r6, 0xc020aa00, &(0x7f0000000100)={{&(0x7f0000ffc000/0x4000)=nil, 0x4000}, 0x2})
  ioctl$UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE(r5, 0xc020aa04, &(0x7f0000000000)={{&(0x7f0000ffd000/0x1000)=nil, 0x1000}})
  r7 = bpf$PROG_LOAD(0x5, &(0x7f0000000140)={0x2, 0x3, &(0x7f0000000200)=ANY=[@ANYBLOB="1800000000120000000000000000000095"], &(0x7f0000000000)='GPL\x00', 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, '\x00', 0x0, @fallback=0x30, 0xffffffffffffffff, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0, @void, @value}, 0x94)
  bpf$BPF_LINK_CREATE_XDP(0x1c, &(0x7f0000000040)={r7, 0x0, 0x30, 0x1e, @val=@...obe_multi={&(0x7f0000000080)='./file0\x00', &(0x7f0000000100)=[0x2], 0x0, 0x0, 0x1}}, 0x40)

The cause is that zero pfn is set to the pte without increasing the rss
count in mfill_atomic_pte_zeropage() and the refcount of zero folio does
not increase accordingly. Then, the operation on the same pfn is performed
in uprobe_write_opcode()->__replace_page() to unconditional decrease the
rss count and old_folio's refcount.

Therefore, two bugs are introduced:
1. The rss count is incorrect, when process exit, the check_mm() report
   error "Bad rss-count".
2. The reserved folio (zero folio) is freed when folio->refcount is zero,
   then free_pages_prepare->free_page_is_bad() report error
   "Bad page state".

Considering that uprobe hit the zero folio is a very rare scene, just
reject zero old folio immediately after get_user_page_vma_remote().

Fixes: 7396fa818d62 ("uprobes/core: Make background page replacement logic account for rss_stat counters")
Fixes: 2b1444983508 ("uprobes, mm, x86: Add the ability to install and remove uprobes breakpoints")
Signed-off-by: Tong Tiangen <tongtiangen@...wei.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@...hat.com>
Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@...hat.com>
---
v2: Modified according to the comments of David and Oleg. 
---
 kernel/events/uprobes.c | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/kernel/events/uprobes.c b/kernel/events/uprobes.c
index 46ddf3a2334d..daa46868faf3 100644
--- a/kernel/events/uprobes.c
+++ b/kernel/events/uprobes.c
@@ -506,6 +506,11 @@ int uprobe_write_opcode(struct arch_uprobe *auprobe, struct mm_struct *mm,
 	if (ret <= 0)
 		goto put_old;
 
+	if (is_zero_page(old_page)) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto put_old;
+	}
+
 	if (WARN(!is_register && PageCompound(old_page),
 		 "uprobe unregister should never work on compound page\n")) {
 		ret = -EINVAL;
-- 
2.25.1